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Analitik Ağ Süreci Yaklaşımıyla Ödül-Temelli Kitlesel Fonlamada Destekçilerin Motivasyon Unsurlarının Araştırılması

Year 2021, İstiklal Marşı 100. Yıl Armağan Sayısı, 137 - 156, 19.05.2021
https://doi.org/10.18026/cbayarsos.680701

Abstract

Kitlesel fonlama çok sayıda destekçinin ufak katkılarıyla projelerin fonlandığ, hem coğrafi sınırları hem de bürokrasiyi büyük ölçüde ortadan kaldıran inovatif bir fon mekanizması olarak geleneksel fon mekanizmalarına önemli bir alternatif oluşturmaktadır. Net bir gelir beklentisi olmamasına rağmen kitlesel fonlama kampanyalarına katılım sağlayan destekçileri harekete geçiren unsurlar ise önemli bir araştırma konusu oluşturmaktadır. Bu çalışmada özellikle ödül-temelli kitlesel fonlama kampanyalarına destek verenleri motive eden unsurlar araştırılmış, önceliklendirilmiş ve öne çıkanlar Analitik Ağ Süreci yöntemi ile analiz edilerek kara olan etkileri ağırlıklandırılmıştır. Çalışmada kitlesel fonlama platformlarının güvenirliği, ödül beklentisinin üzerinde en önemli unsur olarak öne çıkmıştır. Kitlesel fonlama yaklaşımın henüz oldukça yeni olduğu, bu süreçte öne çıkan unsurun kitlesel fonlama platformları olduğu, genellikle maddi değeri düşük ödüller verildiği ya da verilen ödül vaatlerinin büyük oranda gerçekleştirilmediği düşünüldüğünde bu sonuç sürpriz olarak değerlendirilmemektedir.

References

  • Aktaş, R., Doğanay, M., Gökmen, Y., Gazibey, Y., & Türen, U. (2015). Analitik Ağ Süreci (ANP) Yöntemi. Sayısal Karar Verme Yöntemleri (pp. 218-224). İstanbul: Beta.
  • Atsan, N., & Erdoğan, E. O. (2015). Girişimciler İçin Alternatif Bir Finansman Yöntemi: Kitlesel Fonlama (Crowdfunding). Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi İİBF Dergisi, 297-320.
  • Çubukçu, C. (2017). Kitlesel Fonlama: Türkiye’deki Kitlesel Fonlama Platformları Üzerinden Bir Değerlendirme. Girişimcilik ve İnovasyon Yönetimi Dergisi, 155-172.
  • Freedman, D. M., & Nutting, M. (2015). A Brief History of Crowdfunding. https://www.freedman-chicago.com/ec4i/History-of-Crowdfunding.pdf
  • Gedda, D., Nilsson, B., Såthén, Z. & Søilen, K. S. (2016). Crowdfunding: Finding the Optimal Platform. Technology Innovation Management Review, 32-40.
  • Gerber E. and Hui J. (2013). Crowdfunding: Motivations and Deterrents for Participation. ACM Trans. Comput.-Hum. Interact. 20, 6, Article 34 (December 2013), 32 pages.
  • Gerber, E. & Hui, J. & Kuo, P. (2012). Crowdfunding: Why People are Motivated to Post and Fund Projects on Crowdfunding Platforms. Computer Supported Cooperative Work 2012, Workshop on Design Influence and Social Technologies: Techniques, Impacts and Ethics, Seattle, WA. 10.
  • GoFundMe. (2019, October). About GoFundMe. https://www.gofundme.com/c/about-us
  • Gürler Cem. (2016). Kitlesel Fonlamaya Katılma Niyetini Etkileyen Faktörlerin Belirlenmesi: Türkiye ile ABD Karşılaştırması. (Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Yalova Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Yalova)
  • Haisu Z. & Weizhi C. (2019). Crowdfunding Technological Innovations: Interaction between Consumer Benefits and Rewards. Technovation. Volumes 84–85. Pages 11-20.
  • Hemer, J. (2011). A Snapshot on Crowdfunding. Karlsruhe: Fraunhofer Institute for Systems and Innovation Research ISI.
  • Herv´e, F., & Schwienbacher, A. (2018). Crowdfunding and ınnovation. Journal of Economic Surveys, 1514-1530.
  • Jian, L. & Shin, J. (2014). Motivations Behind Donors' Contributions to Crowdfunded Journalism. Mass Communication and Society. 18. Pages 165-185
  • Landstrom, H. & Parhankangas, A. & Mason, C. (2019). Handbook of Research on Crowdfunding.
  • Mollick E. The Dynamics of Crowdfunding: An Exploratory Study. (2014) Journal of Business Venturing. Volume 29. Issue 1. Pages 1-16.
  • OECD. (2004, August 26). Financial System. Retrieved from Glossarry of Statistical Terms: https://stats.oecd.org/glossary/detail.asp?ID=6189
  • Özdemir, A., & Topal, M. (2019). Türk Eğitim Sisteminin Sorunlarının DEMATEL ve Analitik Ağ Süreci Yöntemleri Kullanılarak Değerlendirilmesi. Marmara Üniversitesi Atatürk Eğitim Fakültesi Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi, 160-184.
  • Qun Z., Chun-Der C., Jin-Long W., Pin-Chung C. (2017) Determinants of backers’ funding intention in crowdfunding: Social exchange theory and regulatory focus. Telematics and Informatics. Volume 34. Issue 1. Pages 370-384.
  • Ryu, S. & Kim, K. & Kim, Y. (2016). Reward Versus Philanthropy Motivation in Crowdfunding Behavior.
  • Saaty, T. (1999). Fundementals of The Analytic Network Process. Kobe, Japan: University of Pittsburg.
  • Sakarya, Ş., & Bezirgan, E. (2018). Kitlesel Fonlama Platformları: Türkiye ve Yurtdışı Karşılaştırması. Düzce Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 18-33.
  • Sakızlı, E. (2018). Alternatif Bir Finansman Yöntemi: Kitlesel Fonlama. İstanbul: İktisadi Kalkınma Vakfı.
  • Sascha K., Chris R., Alexander B., Cheng-Feng C., Man-Ling C. (2016). Strategies for reward-based crowdfunding campaigns. Journal of Innovation & Knowledge. Volume 1. Issue 1. Pages 13-23.
  • Statista. (2019a, September). Crowdfunding. Retrieved from Statista.com: https://www.statista.com/outlook/335/100/crowdfunding/worldwide#market-revenue
  • Statista. (2019b, July). Overview of projects and dollars on crowdfunding platform Kickstarter as of July 2019. Retrieved from statista.com: https://www.statista.com/statistics/251727/projects-and-dollars-overview-on-crowdfunding-platform-kickstarter/
  • Statista. (2019c, October). Volume of funds raised through crowdfunding worldwide in 2017, by type (in billion U.S. dollars). Retrieved from statista.com: https://www.statista.com/statistics/946668/global-crowdfunding-volume-worldwide-by-type/
  • superdecision.com. (2019). Retrieved from Analytic Network Process - ANP: https://www.superdecisions.com/method/index.php?section=ANP
  • Startups Team, T. S. (2018). A Brief History of Crowdfunding [Infographic]. Retrieved from startups.com: https://www.startups.com/library/expert-advice/history-of-crowdfunding
  • Thomas H. A., Blakley C. D., Justin W. W., Jeremy C. S. (2017). Persuasion in crowdfunding: An elaboration likelihood model of crowdfunding performance. Journal of Business Venturing. Volume 32. Issue 6. Pages 707-725.
  • Thomson, H. (2018). Wikis, Blogs & Web 2.0 Technology. Melbourne: The University of Melbourne.
  • UNDP. (2017, July). Crowdfunding. Retrieved from Financing Solutios for Sustainable Development: https://www.sdfinance.undp.org/content/sdfinance/en/home/solutions/template-fiche12.html
  • Uygurtürk, H., & Ercan, S. (2018). Kitlesel Fonlama Projelerinde Destekçi Motivasyonunun Analitik Ağ Süreci İle İncelenmesi. Ege Akademik Bakış, 537-547.
  • Yıldırım B., Önder, E. (2018). Analitik Ağ Süreci. İşletmeciler, Mühendisler ve Yöneticiler İçin Operasyonel, Yönetsel ve Stratejik Problemlerin Çözümünde Çok Kriterli Karar Verme Yöntemleri (pp. 75-116). Bursa: Dora.
  • Zhengpei W., Xue Y. (2019) Understanding backers’ funding intention in reward crowdfunding: An elaboration likelihood perspective. Technology in Society. Volume 58.

Research on Backers’ Motivations in Reward-Based Crowdfunding with Analytic Network Process

Year 2021, İstiklal Marşı 100. Yıl Armağan Sayısı, 137 - 156, 19.05.2021
https://doi.org/10.18026/cbayarsos.680701

Abstract

Crowdfunding is an innovative conceptualized alternative to traditional funding mechanisms which bypasses bureaucracy and eliminates geographical barriers by more contributor with less contribution. The motivation criteria that mobilize backers for crowdfunding especially for those who don’t have a certain financial expectation are an important research topic. In this study, the factors that affect the motivation of the backers, especially in reward-based crowdfunding campaigns were researched, prioritized and their effects on funding decision were examined by using Analytic Network Process (ANP). As a matter of fact, it is seen that the most important motivation factor is reliability of platform instead of reward expectation for those who participate in reward-based crowdfunding campaigns. Considering crowdfunding is still quite new, crowdfunding platforms are the most prominent part of this process and the promised rewards have generally low monetary value or the high fraud rate, this result isn’t considered a surprise.

References

  • Aktaş, R., Doğanay, M., Gökmen, Y., Gazibey, Y., & Türen, U. (2015). Analitik Ağ Süreci (ANP) Yöntemi. Sayısal Karar Verme Yöntemleri (pp. 218-224). İstanbul: Beta.
  • Atsan, N., & Erdoğan, E. O. (2015). Girişimciler İçin Alternatif Bir Finansman Yöntemi: Kitlesel Fonlama (Crowdfunding). Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi İİBF Dergisi, 297-320.
  • Çubukçu, C. (2017). Kitlesel Fonlama: Türkiye’deki Kitlesel Fonlama Platformları Üzerinden Bir Değerlendirme. Girişimcilik ve İnovasyon Yönetimi Dergisi, 155-172.
  • Freedman, D. M., & Nutting, M. (2015). A Brief History of Crowdfunding. https://www.freedman-chicago.com/ec4i/History-of-Crowdfunding.pdf
  • Gedda, D., Nilsson, B., Såthén, Z. & Søilen, K. S. (2016). Crowdfunding: Finding the Optimal Platform. Technology Innovation Management Review, 32-40.
  • Gerber E. and Hui J. (2013). Crowdfunding: Motivations and Deterrents for Participation. ACM Trans. Comput.-Hum. Interact. 20, 6, Article 34 (December 2013), 32 pages.
  • Gerber, E. & Hui, J. & Kuo, P. (2012). Crowdfunding: Why People are Motivated to Post and Fund Projects on Crowdfunding Platforms. Computer Supported Cooperative Work 2012, Workshop on Design Influence and Social Technologies: Techniques, Impacts and Ethics, Seattle, WA. 10.
  • GoFundMe. (2019, October). About GoFundMe. https://www.gofundme.com/c/about-us
  • Gürler Cem. (2016). Kitlesel Fonlamaya Katılma Niyetini Etkileyen Faktörlerin Belirlenmesi: Türkiye ile ABD Karşılaştırması. (Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Yalova Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Yalova)
  • Haisu Z. & Weizhi C. (2019). Crowdfunding Technological Innovations: Interaction between Consumer Benefits and Rewards. Technovation. Volumes 84–85. Pages 11-20.
  • Hemer, J. (2011). A Snapshot on Crowdfunding. Karlsruhe: Fraunhofer Institute for Systems and Innovation Research ISI.
  • Herv´e, F., & Schwienbacher, A. (2018). Crowdfunding and ınnovation. Journal of Economic Surveys, 1514-1530.
  • Jian, L. & Shin, J. (2014). Motivations Behind Donors' Contributions to Crowdfunded Journalism. Mass Communication and Society. 18. Pages 165-185
  • Landstrom, H. & Parhankangas, A. & Mason, C. (2019). Handbook of Research on Crowdfunding.
  • Mollick E. The Dynamics of Crowdfunding: An Exploratory Study. (2014) Journal of Business Venturing. Volume 29. Issue 1. Pages 1-16.
  • OECD. (2004, August 26). Financial System. Retrieved from Glossarry of Statistical Terms: https://stats.oecd.org/glossary/detail.asp?ID=6189
  • Özdemir, A., & Topal, M. (2019). Türk Eğitim Sisteminin Sorunlarının DEMATEL ve Analitik Ağ Süreci Yöntemleri Kullanılarak Değerlendirilmesi. Marmara Üniversitesi Atatürk Eğitim Fakültesi Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi, 160-184.
  • Qun Z., Chun-Der C., Jin-Long W., Pin-Chung C. (2017) Determinants of backers’ funding intention in crowdfunding: Social exchange theory and regulatory focus. Telematics and Informatics. Volume 34. Issue 1. Pages 370-384.
  • Ryu, S. & Kim, K. & Kim, Y. (2016). Reward Versus Philanthropy Motivation in Crowdfunding Behavior.
  • Saaty, T. (1999). Fundementals of The Analytic Network Process. Kobe, Japan: University of Pittsburg.
  • Sakarya, Ş., & Bezirgan, E. (2018). Kitlesel Fonlama Platformları: Türkiye ve Yurtdışı Karşılaştırması. Düzce Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 18-33.
  • Sakızlı, E. (2018). Alternatif Bir Finansman Yöntemi: Kitlesel Fonlama. İstanbul: İktisadi Kalkınma Vakfı.
  • Sascha K., Chris R., Alexander B., Cheng-Feng C., Man-Ling C. (2016). Strategies for reward-based crowdfunding campaigns. Journal of Innovation & Knowledge. Volume 1. Issue 1. Pages 13-23.
  • Statista. (2019a, September). Crowdfunding. Retrieved from Statista.com: https://www.statista.com/outlook/335/100/crowdfunding/worldwide#market-revenue
  • Statista. (2019b, July). Overview of projects and dollars on crowdfunding platform Kickstarter as of July 2019. Retrieved from statista.com: https://www.statista.com/statistics/251727/projects-and-dollars-overview-on-crowdfunding-platform-kickstarter/
  • Statista. (2019c, October). Volume of funds raised through crowdfunding worldwide in 2017, by type (in billion U.S. dollars). Retrieved from statista.com: https://www.statista.com/statistics/946668/global-crowdfunding-volume-worldwide-by-type/
  • superdecision.com. (2019). Retrieved from Analytic Network Process - ANP: https://www.superdecisions.com/method/index.php?section=ANP
  • Startups Team, T. S. (2018). A Brief History of Crowdfunding [Infographic]. Retrieved from startups.com: https://www.startups.com/library/expert-advice/history-of-crowdfunding
  • Thomas H. A., Blakley C. D., Justin W. W., Jeremy C. S. (2017). Persuasion in crowdfunding: An elaboration likelihood model of crowdfunding performance. Journal of Business Venturing. Volume 32. Issue 6. Pages 707-725.
  • Thomson, H. (2018). Wikis, Blogs & Web 2.0 Technology. Melbourne: The University of Melbourne.
  • UNDP. (2017, July). Crowdfunding. Retrieved from Financing Solutios for Sustainable Development: https://www.sdfinance.undp.org/content/sdfinance/en/home/solutions/template-fiche12.html
  • Uygurtürk, H., & Ercan, S. (2018). Kitlesel Fonlama Projelerinde Destekçi Motivasyonunun Analitik Ağ Süreci İle İncelenmesi. Ege Akademik Bakış, 537-547.
  • Yıldırım B., Önder, E. (2018). Analitik Ağ Süreci. İşletmeciler, Mühendisler ve Yöneticiler İçin Operasyonel, Yönetsel ve Stratejik Problemlerin Çözümünde Çok Kriterli Karar Verme Yöntemleri (pp. 75-116). Bursa: Dora.
  • Zhengpei W., Xue Y. (2019) Understanding backers’ funding intention in reward crowdfunding: An elaboration likelihood perspective. Technology in Society. Volume 58.
There are 34 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Ender İrkören 0000-0002-2576-5830

Murat Ertuğrul 0000-0002-9674-1465

Publication Date May 19, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 İstiklal Marşı 100. Yıl Armağan Sayısı

Cite

APA İrkören, E., & Ertuğrul, M. (2021). Research on Backers’ Motivations in Reward-Based Crowdfunding with Analytic Network Process. Manisa Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 19(Armağan Sayısı), 137-156. https://doi.org/10.18026/cbayarsos.680701