Investigation of Speed, Agility, Endurance and Strength Performances of Young Football Players: Evaluation of H/Q and D/ND Ratios

Abstract

This study aims to examine the effect of 8-week football training on speed, agility, endurance, and strength performance in young football players and to determine Flexor/Extensor Hamstring/Quadriceps peak torque (H/Q) and Dominant/Non-dominant (D/ND) leg strengths via looking at lower extremity strength levels for to determine the risk of injury with deviation rates. In line with this, 24 professional male football players (age; 18.41±1.20 years, body weight; 74.61±4.32 kg, height; 179.62±8.14 cm, body mass index; 23.36±4.10 kg/m2) in the U19 team were included in the study. For detecting the effects of football training, the Yo-Yo test (aerobic endurance), 10 m and 30 m sprint tests (speed), agility test, repetitive maximal forces of leg extension, right leg extension, left leg extension, leg curl, leg press, triceps pushdown, barbell curl and chest press movements were measured. In the study carried out with the pre-post test experimental design, the measurements were taken before and eight weeks after the training program. In addition, the football players' Flexor/Extensor (H/Q) and Dominant/Nondominant (D/ND) leg strength ratios were calculated before and after the training. "Paired-Samples t Tests" was applied to determine the level of difference between pre-post test variables. With the data obtained, it was determined that there were significant differences (p<0.05) in the parameters of endurance (Yo-Yo), 30m (speed), agility, and 1-rep maximal strength performance after training compared to pre-training. It has been determined that football training can reduce the risk of injury as the H/Q and D/ND leg strength ratios approach the optimal level before and after the training applied to the football players. As a result, it can be said that regular football training increases the aerobic endurance, maximal strength, and speed components of performance and reduces the risk of injury.

Keywords

• Aerobic endurance
• Flexor
• Extensor
• Football

Genç Futbolcuların Hız, Çeviklik, Dayanıklılık ve Kuvvet Performanslarının İncelenmesi: H/Q ve D/ND Oranlarının Değerlendirilmesi

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı, 8 haftalık futbol antrenmanının genç futbolcularda hız, çeviklik, dayanıklılık ve kuvvet performansına olan etkisini incelemek ve alt ekstremite kuvvet düzeylerine bakılarak Fleksör/Extensör Hamstring/Kuadriseps tepe tork (H/Q) ve Dominant/Non dominant (D/ND) bacak kuvvetlerini sapma oranlarıyla sakatlık riskini tespit etmektir. Bu doğrultuda U19 takımında yer alan yirmi dört profesyonel erkek futbolcu (yaş;18.41±1.20 yıl, vücut ağırlığı; 74.61±4.32 kg, boy; 179.62±8.14 cm, beden kütle indeksi; 23.36±4.10 kg/m2) çalışmaya dâhil edilmiştir. Futbol antrenmanın etkilerini belirlemede Yo-Yo testi (aerobik dayanıklılık), 10 m ve 30 m sprint testleri (hız), çeviklik testi, leg extension, sağ leg extension, sol leg extension, leg curl, leg press, triceps pushdown, barbell curl ve chest press hareketlerinin tekrarlı maksimal kuvvetleri ölçülmüştür. Ön ve son-test deneysel dizaynı ile yürütülen çalışmada ölçümler, antrenman programı öncesi ve 8 hafta sonrasında alınmıştır. Ek olarak futbolcuların antrenmanın öncesi ve sonrasında Fleksör/Extensör (H/Q) ve Dominant/Nondominant (D/ND) bacak kuvvet oranları hesaplanmıştır. Ön ve son-test değişkenleri arasındaki farklılık düzeyinin belirlenmesinde "Paired-Samples t Tests" uygulanmıştır. Elde edilen verilerle antrenman sonrasında, antrenman öncesine kıyasla dayanıklılık (Yo-Yo), 30m (hız), çeviklik ve 1 tekrarlı maksimal kuvvet performansı parametrelerinde anlamlı farklılıklar olduğu (p<0.05) belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca, futbolculara uygulanan antrenmanın öncesi ve sonrasında H/Q ve D/ND bacak kuvvet oranlarını optimal düzeye yaklaştığından futbol antrenmanının sakatlık riskini azaltılabileceği tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak düzenli olarak uygulanan futbol antrenmanlarının performansın aerobik dayanıklılık, maksimal kuvvet, hız bileşenlerini artırdığı ve sakatlanma riskini azalttığı söylenebilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Aerobik dayanıklılık
• Fleksör
• Extensör
• Futbol

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