Kadınların Genital Benlik İmajları ile Kozmetik Cerrahi Arasındaki İlişki

Öz

Amaç: Bu çalışmada, kadınların genital benlik imajları ile kozmetik cerrahi arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi hedeflenmiştir. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Araştırma, tanımlayıcı ve ilişki arayıcı türde yapılmıştır. Araştırma, Malatya ilinde bulunan üç özel hastanenin polikliniklerine başvuran 266 kadın ile yürütülmüştür.  Araştırma verileri, Kişisel Bilgi Formu, Kadın Genital Benlik İmajı Ölçeği (KGBİÖ) ve Kozmetik Cerrahi Kabul Ölçeği (KCKÖ) kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Bulgular: Araştırmada KGBİÖ ile KCKÖ puan ortalaması arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmamıştır. Kurulan çoklu doğrusal regresyon modelinde; Daha önce herhangi bir estetik ameliyat yaptırma, vücudunun herhangi bir yerini beğenmediği için estetik amaçlı bir ameliyat geçirmek isteme ve genital estetikle ilgili haberlerle ilgilenme değişkenleri ile KCKÖ puan ortalamaları arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir ilişki olduğu belirlenmiştir (p<0.001). Bu değişkenlerin toplam varyansın %48,6’sını açıkladığı saptanmıştır. Sonuç: Araştırmada estetik ameliyat yaptıran, vücudunun herhangi bir yerini beğenmediği için estetik ameliyat geçirmek isteyen ve genital estetikle ilgili haberlerle ilgilenen kadınların kozmetik cerrahi kabulünün yüksek olduğu belirlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Genital benlik imajı
• Kadınlar
• Kozmetik cerrahi

The Relationship Between Women's Genital Self-Image and Cosmetic Surgery

Öz

ABSTRACT

Aim: This study aimed to examine the relationship between women’s genital self-image and acceptance of cosmetic surgery. Method: This descriptive and correlational study included 266 women who applied to the outpatient clinics of three private hospitals in Malatya, Türkiye. Data were collected using a Personal Information Form, the Female Genital Self-Image Scale (FGSIS), and the Acceptance of Cosmetic Surgery Scale (ACSS). Results: No statistically significant relationship was found between the mean scores of the FGSIS and ACSS. However, the multiple linear regression model showed that having previously undergone aesthetic surgery, wanting aesthetic surgery due to dissatisfaction with a body part, and being interested in news about genital aesthetics were significantly associated with higher ACSS scores (p<0.001). These variables explained 48.6% of the total variance. Conclusion: Women who had previous aesthetic procedures, who desired surgery due to body dissatisfaction, and who followed genital aesthetic news demonstrated greater acceptance of cosmetic surgery.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Genital self-image
• Women
• Cosmetic surgery

Kaynakça

1. Abdullah, C. (2016). SPSS ile bilimsel araştırma sürecinde nicel veri analizi. Ankara: Pegem Akademi. Alavi-Arjas, F., Goodman, M. P., Simbar, M., Majd, H. A., & Sharp, G. (2023). The effect of female genital cosmetic
2. and reconstructive procedures on body and genital self-image: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Aesthetic Surgery Journal, 43(10), 1161–1173. doi:10.1093/asj/sjad109.
3. Alcan, A. O., & Çetin, S. (2022). Sosyal medya kullanımının kadınların estetik cerrahiye ilişkin tutumlarına etkisi. Osmangazi Tıp Dergisi, 44(4), 554–562. doi:10.20515/otd.927753.
4. Arruda, G. T., Vieira, E., Somavilla, P., Clara, M., & Oliveira, R. (2023). Female Genital Self-Image Scale (FGSIS): Cut-off point, reliability, and validation of measurement properties in Brazilian women. Fisioterapia e Pesquisa, 30, e22015823en. doi:10.1590/1809-2950/e22015823en.
5. Ayan, M. Y., & Beydağ, K. D. (2023). Determination of the relationship between genital self-image and sexual quality of life in sexually active women. Caucasian Journal of Science, 10(2), 115–124. doi:10.48138/cjo.1370466. Baksi, A., & Tuncer, N. (2021). Examination of nursing students’ acceptance levels for aesthetic surgery and affecting factors. International Journal of Health Services Research and Policy, 6(1), 60–72. doi:10.33457/ijhsrp.862899.
6. Benabe, E., Fuentes, Y., Roldan, G., Ramos, M., Pastrana, M., & Romaguera, J. (2022). The perceptions of female genital self-image and its associations with female sexual distress. International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics, 157, 90–95. doi:10.1002/ijgo.13827.
7. Çapar, M. (2023). Doğu Karadeniz bölgesinde estetik uygulama yaptıran kadınların benlik saygısının değerlendirilmesi. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 12(2), 774–781. doi:10.37989/gumussagbil.1311357.
8. Cho, S. H., Young, C., & Am, Y. (2019). Experience and acceptance of cosmetic procedures among South Korean women in their 20s. Aesthetic Plastic Surgery, 43(2), 531–538. doi:10.1007/s00266-018-1257-0. Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

9. Demaria, A. L., Meier, S. J., & Dykstra, C. (2019). 'It’s not perfect but it’s mine': Genital self-image among women living in Italy. Body Image, 29, 140–148. doi:10.1016/j.bodyim.2019.03.011.
10. Derakhshanpour, S., Bagheri, F., Rahmanian, F., Jafari, S. Z., & YazdanPanahi, Z. (2025). Body image and sexual life satisfaction in women considering female genital cosmetic surgery in Iran. Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition, 44, 25. doi:10.1186/s41043-025-00757-x.
11. Derebaşınlıoğlu, H., Nemmezi, S., & Çağlar, K. (2023). Women’s aesthetic perceptions of the genitalia and their association with anatomical measurements. Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics, 307(6), 1847–1857. doi:10.1007/s00404-023-06956-3.
12. Dogan, O., & Yassa, M. (2019). Major motivators and sociodemographic features of women undergoing labiaplasty. Aesthetic Surgery Journal, 39(12), 517–527. doi:10.1093/asj/sjy321.
13. Eftekhar, T., Hajibabaei, M., Deldar, M., Pesikhani, M., Rahnama, P., & Montazeri, A. (2019). Sexual quality of life, female sexual function, female genital self- and body image among women requesting genital cosmetic surgery: A comparative study. Psychology & Sexuality, 10(2), 94–100. doi:10.1080/19419899.2018.1552187.
14. Ekrami, F., Mirghafourvand, M., & Farzipour, S. (2018). Comparison of body image between women seeking female genital cosmetic surgery and women not interested in FGCS: A case-control study. Crescent Journal of Medical and Biological Sciences, 5(4), 332–337.
15. Faul, F., Erdfelder, E., Lang, A. G., & Buchner, A. (2007). G*Power 3: A flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behavior Research Methods, 39(2), 175–191.
16. Fudge, M. C., & Byers, E. S. (2020). An exploration of psychosocial factors associated with female genital self-image. Gender Issues, 37(2), 153–172. doi:10.1007/s12147-019-09242-2.
17. Gillen, M. M., & Markey, C. H. (2021). Body image, weight management behavior, and women’s interest in cosmetic surgery. Psychology, Health & Medicine, 26(5), 621–630. doi:10.1080/13548506.2020.1776890.
18. Gök, U., Eyüp, B., & Burak, K. (2022). Cause–effect relationships shaping the popularity of cosmetic surgery: Analysis of influencing factors. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 21, 4580–4587. doi:10.1111/jocd.14786.
19. Goodman, M. P., Placik, O. J., Matlock, D. L., Simopoulos, A. F., Dalton, T. A., Veale, D., et al. (2016). Evaluation of body image and sexual satisfaction in women undergoing female genital plastic/cosmetic surgery. Aesthetic Surgery Journal, 36(9), 1048–1057. doi:10.1093/asj/sjw061.
20. Henderson-King, D., & Henderson-King, E. (2005). Acceptance of cosmetic surgery: Scale development and validation. Body Image, 2(2), 137–149. doi:10.1016/j.bodyim.2005.03.003.
21. Herbenick, D., & Reece, M. (2010). Development and validation of the Female Genital Self-Image Scale. The Journal of Sexual Medicine, 7(5), 1822–1830. doi:10.1111/j.1743-6109.2010.01728.x.
22. Karaca, S., Karakoç, A., Onan, N., & Kadıoğlu, H. (2017). Validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the acceptance of cosmetic surgery scale (ACSS). Journal of Psychiatric Nursing, 8(1), 17–22. doi:10.14744/phd.2017.72692.
23. Karadeniz, Z. C. (2019). Kadın genital benlik imajı ölçeğinin uyarlanması ve psikometrik özelliklerinin incelenmesi (Yüksek lisans tezi, Akdeniz Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Antalya).
24. Khamseh, L. E., & Nodargahfard, M. (2020). The effect of cosmetic surgery on sexual self-esteem: Attitudes toward body image and well-being in married women. World Journal of Plastic Surgery, 9(2), 153–159. doi:10.29252/wjps.9.2.153.
25. Kılavuz, M., Koyucu, R. G., Ertekin, S., Oral, Ş., Saka, G., Pektaş, M., et al. (2023). Kadınların estetik kozmetik jinekoloji hakkındaki görüşlerinin incelenmesi. Ege Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi Dergisi, 39(2), 185–191. doi:10.53490/egehemsire.1136638.
26. Kim, S. (2022). What factors encourage the acceptance of cosmetic surgery? Differences in sociopsychological influences contingent upon cosmetic surgery experience. Fashion and Textiles, 9, 42. doi:10.1186/s40691-022-00318-4.
27. Koçak, V., & Erkal, Y. (2024). Female genital self-image and body appreciation in Turkish women: A mixed methods study. Archives of Women's Mental Health, 27(2), 219–232. doi:10.1007/s00737-023-01397-y.
28. Laan, E., Martoredjo, D. K., Hesselink, S., Snijders, N., & van Lunsen, R. H. W. (2017). Young women's genital self-image and effects of exposure to pictures of natural vulvas. Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics & Gynecology, 38(4), 249–255. doi:10.1080/0167482X.2016.1233172.
29. Muslu, Ü., & Demir, E. (2020). The effect of religious beliefs on the attitude of aesthetic surgery operation in Islam. Journal of Religion and Health, 59(2), 804–815. doi:10.1007/s10943-019-00767-0.
30. Önalan, E., Şahin, S. Y., & İyigün, E. (2021). Investigation of the relationship between university students’ social appearance anxiety and their attitudes towards aesthetic surgery. Turkish Journal of Plastic Surgery, 29(2), 116–120. doi:10.4103/tjps.tjps_62_20.
31. Pearlman, R. L., Wilkerson, A. H., Cobb, E. K., Morrissette, S., Lawson, F. G., Mockbee, C. S., et al. (2022). Factors associated with likelihood to undergo cosmetic surgical procedures among young adults in the United States:
32. A narrative review. Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology, 15, 859–877. doi:10.2147/CCID.S358573. Sasanfar, T., Maasoumi, R., Ataei, M., Haghani, S., & Nekoolaltak, M. (2024). Comparative investigation of genital self-image and sexual function in women with and without a history of female genital cosmetic procedures: A cross-sectional study. International Journal of Community Based Nursing and Midwifery, 12(2), 121–134. doi:10.30476/IJCBNM.2024.101051.2399.
33. Seo, Y. A., & Young, S. (2020). Factors affecting acceptance of cosmetic surgery in adults in their 20s–30s. Aesthetic Plastic Surgery, 44(5), 1881–1888. doi:10.1007/s00266-020-01761-8.
34. Sharp, G. (2021). Genital self-image and aesthetic genital surgeries: Novel perspectives across the cisgender and transgender spectrum. Aesthetic Surgery Journal, 41(12), 2046–2052. doi:10.1093/asj/sjab272. Sharp, G., Maynard, P., Hudaib, A. R., Hamori, C. A., Oates, J., Kulkarni, J., et al. (2020). Do genital cosmetic procedures improve women’s self-esteem? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Aesthetic Surgery Journal, 40(10), 1143–1151. doi:10.1093/asj/sjaa038.
35. Wu, Y., Mulkens, S., & Alleva, J. M. (2022). Body image and acceptance of cosmetic surgery in China and the Netherlands: A qualitative study on cultural differences and similarities. Body Image, 40, 30–49. doi:10.1016/j.bodyim.2021.10.007.
36. Yılmaz, A. N., İrtegün, S., & Yüksekol, Ö. D. (2020). A literature review on genital self-image in women and affecting factors. Internatio nal Journal of Health Services Research and Policy, 5(3), 344–355. doi:10.33457/ijhsrp.
37. Yüksekol, Ö. D., Baltacı, N., Yılmaz, A. N., & Ulucan, M. (2023). Perception of genital self-image, sexual quality of life and marital adjustment in infertile women. Sexual and Relationship Therapy, 38(4), 834–847. doi:10.1080/14681994.2021.1998422.