İŞ SAĞLIĞINDA BİR YAKLAŞIM: KATILIMCI ERGONOMİ

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın amacı katılımcı ergonomi (participatory ergonomics) kavramını, içeriğini ve örnek uygulamalar üzerinden etkisini değerlendirmektir. Çalışmada katılımcı ergonomi kavramının ne olduğu, yöntemin yapısı ve içeriği ortaya konulmuş, örnek uygulamalar ile alandaki durumu betimlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Katılımcı ergonomi araştırmacılar tarafından bazen bir felsefe, bazen ise strateji ya da yaklaşım olarak değerlendirmiştir. Bazıları ise katılımcı ergonomiyi bir teknik ve araç ya da bir uygulama ve yöntem olarak ifade etmiştir. Yalın olarak katılımcı ergonomi, işyerinde çeşitli katılım yöntemleri ve tekniklerinin kullanımını kapsayan bir kavram olarak tanımlanabilir. Katılımcı ergonomiyi en geniş anlamda tanımlayan Wilson “istenilen amaca ulaşmak için hem süreç hem de sonuçları etkileyebilecek yeterli bilgi ve güç ile kişilerin yürüttükleri iş etkinliklerini anlamlı bir düzeyde kontrol edebilmesi ve planlamaya dahil olmasına ergonomik projelerde katılım” (Wilson, JR., 1995, s.1071) olarak tanımlamıştır. Katılımcı ergonomi yönteminin özü değişimi sağlayacak olan çalışan üzerine odaklıdır. Değişimin odağındaki kişinin kendisi için karar veren konumunda olduğu birçok uygulama örneğinde başarılı sonuçların elde edildiği bilimsel yazında paylaşılmaktadır. Katılımcı ergonomi çalışan merkezli bir yaklaşım olduğu için başarı olasılığı yüksek, geniş bir çalışma evrenine ve uygulama araçlarına sahip bir yaklaşımdır. Yöntemin her düzeydeki işyerinde başarı ile uygulanabileceği gösterilmiştir.

Keywords

• katılım, ergonomi, katılımcı ergonomi, kontrol listesi, risk değerlendirme

Abstract

The aim of this study is to evaluate the concept and contents of participatory ergonomics, and its effects on implementations. In the study, what the concept of participatory ergonomics refers to, and the structure and content of the method were explained, and its status in the field was described with sample implementations. Participatory ergonomics was sometimes considered as a philosophy by researchers, and sometimes as a strategy or approach. On the other hand, some researchers referred to participatory ergonomics as a technique and tool, or implementation and method. In the simplest way, participatory ergonomics can be defined as a concept including the use of various participation methods and techniques in the workplace. Participatory ergonomics was defined by Wilson in the broadest sense as "participation in the ergonomic projects which refers to individuals‟ being able to control work activities they carry out at a significant level and being included in planning with sufficient knowledge and power which can affect both the process and the results in order to achieve the required goal" (Wilson, JR., 1995, p. 1071). The essence of participatory ergonomics method is focused on workers who will achieve the change. In the literature, it is indicated that successful results were obtained in many implementations because the person in the focus of change is in the decision-making position for himself/herself. Since participatory ergonomics is a participant-centered approach, it has high probability of success, large study population and a wide range of implementation tools. It has been shown that the method can be implemented with success in workplaces of all levels.

Keywords

• participation, ergonomics, participatory ergonomics, checklists, risk assessment

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