Sagittal Plane Alignment of Spine in Adolescents

Abstract

Objective: Changes in thoracal kyphosis and lumbar lordosis, which are physiological sagittal plane curvatures of the spine, may cause many problems for adolescents in the future. This study aimed to compare the sagittal plane parameters of the spine of adolescents who are sedentary, athletes and diagnosed as adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS), by evaluating them and to prevent possible injuries that may arise from changes in these curvatures in the presence of abnormal curvature. Materials and Methods: A total of 73 people (46 girls, 27 boys) who are 15-18 years old were included in the study. Of which, 27 were sedentary, 28 were athletes and 18 were individuals with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). Gravity-dependent inclinometer (Baseline® Bubble® Inclinometer) was used to measure sagittal plane parameters. In addition, the Angle of Trunk Rotation (ATR) and Cobb angle values of the participants who were diagnosed as AIS were measured. Results: The kyphosis angle in the scoliosis group was significantly lower than both groups (p <0.05). The lumbar lordosis angle values of the scoliosis group were significantly higher than the athletes’ group (p = 0.020). The mean ATR value of the scoliosis group was 9.67° and the Cobb value was 21.11°. When analyzed by gender, the thoracal kyphosis angle was significantly higher in boys and the lumbar lordosis angle was significantly higher in girls (respectively p=0.000; p = 0.003). Conclusion: Our results showed that adolescents diagnosed with AIS have abnormal changes in physiological sagittal spinal parameters compared to sedentary and athletes; thoracal kyphosis angle was higher in boys and lumbar lordosis angle was higher in girls. Studies that also evaluated the spinopelvic complex, involving athletes with different sports branches and individuals with different curvature patterns are needed.

Keywords

• Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis
• Lumbar lordosis
• Thoracal kyphosis.

Adolesanlarda Omurganın Sagital Düzlem Dizilimi

Abstract

Giriş ve Amaç: Omurganın fizyolojik sagital düzlem eğriliklerinden olan torakal kifoz ve lumbal lordozdaki değişiklikler adolesanlarda ilerleyen dönemlerde bir çok soruna yol açabilir. Bu çalışmada amacımız; sedanter, sporcu ve skolyoz tanısı olan adolesanların omurgalarındaki sagital düzlem parametrelerini değerlendirerek birbirleriyle karşılaştırmak ve saptanan anormal eğrilik varlığında bu eğriliklerdeki değişikliklerden kaynaklanabilecek olası yaralanmaları önlemektir. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışmaya 15-18 yaş aralığında olan 27 sedanter, 28 sporcu ve 18 adolesan idiopatik skolyoz (AİS) tanısı alan genç birey olmak üzere toplam 73 kişi (46 kız, 27 erkek) katılmıştır. Sagital düzlem parametrelerinin ölçümü için yerçekimine bağlı inklinometre (Baseline® Bubble® Inclinometer) kullanılmıştır. Bunlara ek olarak skolyoz tanısı alan katılımcıların gövde rotasyon açısı (Angle of Trunk Rotation, ATR) ve Cobb açısı değerleri de ölçülmüştür Bulgular: Skolyoz grubunda kifoz açısı her iki gruptan da anlamlı olarak daha az bulunmuştur(p<0,05). Skolyoz grubunun lumbal lordoz açı değerleri, sporcu grubundan anlamlı olarak daha fazla bulunmuştur (p=0,020). Skolyoz grubunun ortalama ATR değeri 9.67° ve Cobb değeri ise 21.11° idi. Cinsiyete göre incelendiğinde ise torakal kifoz açısı erkeklerde, lumbal lordoz açısı ise kızlarda anlamlı olarak daha yüksek bulunmuştur (sırasıyla p=0.000; p=0,003). Sonuç: Sonuçlarımız AİS tanısı alan adolesanlarda sedanter ve sporcu gençlere göre fizyolojik sagital spinal parametrelerde anormal değişiklikler olduğunu; erkeklerde torakal kifoz açısının, kızlarda ise lumbal lordoz açısının daha fazla olduğunu göstermiştir. Spinopelvik kompleksin de değerlendirildiği, farklı spor branşıyla uğraşan sporcuların ve farklı eğrilik paternlerine sahip bireylerin de dahil edildiği çalışmalara ihtiyaç vardır.

Keywords

• Adolesan İdiopatik Skolyoz
• torakal kifoz
• lumbal lordoz

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