Yaşlılarda Fiziksel İnaktivitenin Yaşam Kalitesi Üzerine Etkileri

Öz

Amaç: Sedanter yaşam tarzının yaşlıların sağlığını olumsuz etkilediği bilinmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı huzurevinde yaşayan yaşlı bireylerde sedanter yaşam tarzı ile yaşam kalitesi arasındaki ilişkiyi araştırmaktır. Yöntem: Manisa'daki Huzurevleri bu kesitsel çalışmaya dahil edilmiş olup çalışmaya dahil edilen bireylerin toplam sayısı 181'dir ve veriler yaşlılarla yüz yüze görüşülerek toplanmıştır. Veri toplama formu 3 bölümden oluşmaktadır: Fiziksel Etkinliklerin Hızlı Değerlendirilme Ölçeği (RAPA 1 ve 2), Dünya Sağlık Örgütü Yaşam Kalitesi Ölçeği Yaşlı sürümü (WHOQOL-old) ve demografik özellikler. Yaşam kalitesi ile fiziksel aktivite ve yaşlıların diğer özellikleri arasındaki ilişkiyi değerlendirmek için bağımsız gruplarda t testi ve tek yönlü varyans analizi (ANOVA) kullanılmıştır. Değişkenler arasındaki anlamlı fark 0,05 düzeyinde yorumlanmıştır. Bulgular: Cinsiyet dağılımı aşağıdaki gibidir: Kadın: % 31.5, erkek:% 68,5. Kronik hastalıklar %56.4 oranında iken, katılımcıların %73.5'in sedanter bir yaşam tarzı olduğu bulunmuştur. Sedanter yaşam tarzı ile yaşam kalitesi ölçeğinin toplam puanları (t: -7,124, p: 0,003), özerklik (t: -1,270, p: 0,005), faaliyetler (t-, 965, p: 0,043) ve duyusal yetenek (t: -2,172, p: 0,001) arasında negatif bir korelasyon bulunmuştur. Sonuç: Yaşlıların yaşam kalitesini etkileyen birçok faktör olmasına rağmen, yaşlılarda sedanter yaşam tarzı ve WHOQOL-old ölçeğinin toplam puanları arasında anlamlı bir ilişki vardır. Huzurevlerinde yaşlıların daha aktif olmalarını sağlayacak hizmetler yer verilmelidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Egzersiz
• Yaşlı
• Huzurevleri
• Sedanter Davranış
• Yaşam Kalitesi

Physical Inactivity Effects on Quality of Life in the Elderly

Öz

Purpose: It is known that sedentary lifestyle affects older adults’ health negatively. This study aim was to investigate the relationship between sedentary lifestyle and quality of life in elderly individuals living in a nursing home. Methods: Nursing Homes in Manisa were included in this cross-sectional study. The total number of individuals included in the study was 181 and the data were collected via face-to-face interview with the elderly. The data collection form comprised 3 parts as follows: The Rapid Assessment of Physical Activity Scale (RAPA 1 and 2), World Health Organization Quality of Life Instrument Older Adults Module (WHOQOL-old) and demographic characteristics. Independent groups t-test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to evaluate the relationship between quality of life and physical activity and other characteristics of the elderly. The significant difference between the variables was interpreted at the level of 0.05. Results: Gender distributions were as follows: female: 31.5%, male: 68.5%. While those with chronic diseases were 56.4%, the participants were found to have a sedentary lifestyle of 73.5%. There was found a negative correlation between sedentary lifestyle and total scores of quality of life scale (t: -7,124, p: 0,003), autonomy (t: -1,270, p:0,005), activities (t-,965, p: 0,043), sensory ability (t: -2,172, p: 0,001) domains. Conclusion: Although there are many factors that affect the elderly’s quality of life, there is a relationship between sedentary lifestyle and total scores of WHOQOL-old scale in the elderly. In the nursing homes, services should be provided to enable the elderly to be more active.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Exercise
• Aged
• Nursing Homes
• Sedentary Behavior
• Quality of Life

Kaynakça

1. 1. United Nations. World Population Ageing: 1950-2050 Department of Economic and Social Affairs PD, editor. New York: United Nations Publications; 2001.
2. 2. US Census Bureau. International Population Reports WP/02, Global Population Profile: 2002 Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2004.
3. 3. Gardiner PA, Healy GN, Eakin EG, et al. Associations between television viewing time and overall sitting time with the metabolic syndrome in older men and women: the Australian Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle study. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2011 May;59(5):788-96. doi: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2011.03390.x.
4. 4. Copeland JL, Clarke J, Dogra S. Objectively measured and self-reported sedentary time in older Canadians. Prev Med Rep. 2015 Jan 23;2:90-5. doi: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2015.01.003.
5. 5. Hallal PC, Andersen LB, Bull FC, et al. Global physical activity levels: surveillance progress, pitfalls, and prospects. Lancet. 2012 Jul 21;380(9838):247-57. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60646-1.
6. 6. Trappe S, Hayes E, Galpin A, et al. New records in aerobic power among octogenarian lifelong endurance athletes. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2013 Jan 1;114(1):3-10. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.01107.2012.
7. 7. Sun F, Norman I, While A. Physical activity in older people: a systematic review. BMC Public Health. 2013 May 6;13:449. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-13-449.
8. 8. Üner S, Balcılar M, Ergüder T. WHO International. [Online].; 2018 [cited 2018 08 10. Available from: https://www.who.int/ncds/surveillance/steps/Factsheet-STEPS-Turkey-TUR-08.10.2018.pdf.

9. 9. World Health Organization (WHO). Ageing and Health Programme. Growing Older Staying Well. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO/HPR/AHE/98.2; 1998.
10. 10. Haan RJ. Measuring Quality of Life After Stroke Using the SF-36. Stroke. 2002 May;33(5):1176-7. doi: 10.1161/01.str.0000015223.98452.97.
11. 11. Mellor D, Russo S, McCabe M, et al. Depression training program for caregivers of elderly care recipients: implementation and qualitative evaluation. J Gerontol Nurs. 2008 Sep;34(9):8-15; quiz 16-7. doi: 10.3928/00989134-20080901-09.
12. 12. Donmez L, Gokkoca Z, Dedeoglu N. Disability and its effects on quality of life among older people living in Antalya city center. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2005 Mar-Apr;40(2):213-23. doi: 10.1016/j.archger.2004.08.006.
13. 13. Acree LS, Longfors J, Fjeldstad AS, et al. Physical activity is related to quality of life in older adults. Health and quality of life outcomes. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2006 Jun 30;4:37. doi: 10.1186/1477-7525-4-37.
14. 14. Rejeski WJ, Mihalko SL. Physical activity and quality of life in older adults. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2001 Oct;56 Spec No 2:23-35. doi: 10.1093/gerona/56.suppl_2.23.
15. 15. Fadıloğlu Ç, İlkbay Y, Yıldırım Y. Huzurevinde kalan yaşlılarda uyku kalitesi. Turk Geriatri Derg. 2006; 9(3):165–169.
16. 16. Topolski T, LoGerfo J, Patrick D, et al. The Rapid Assessment of Physical Activity (RAPA)among older adults. Prev Chronic Dis. 2006 Oct;3(4):A118.
17. 17. Çekok F, Kahraman T, Kalkışım M, et al. Cross‐cultural adaptation and psychometric study of the Turkish version of the Rapid Assessment of Physical activity. Geriatr Gerontol Int. 2017 Nov;17(11):1837-1842. doi: 10.1111/ggi.12970.
18. 18. Eser E, Eser S, Özyurt BC, et al. Perception of quality of life by a sample of Turkish older adults: WHOQOL-OLD project Turkish focus group results. Turk Geriatri Derg. 2005; 8(4):169-183.
19. 19. Rejeski W, King A, Katula J, et al. Physical activity in prefrail older adults: confidence and satisfaction related to physical function. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 2008 Jan;63(1):P19-26. doi: 10.1093/geronb/63.1.p19.
20. 20. Mayer C, Steinman L, Williams B, et al. Developing a Telephone Assessment of Physical Activity (TAPA) Questionnaire for Older Adults. Copyright: Public Domain. Prev Chronic Dis. 2008 Jan;5(1):A24.
21. 21. Eshaghi SR, Shahsanai A, Ardakani MM. Assessment of the Physical Activity of Elderly Population of Isfahan,Iran. Journal of Isfahan Medical School. 2011 Sep: p. 939-946.
22. 22. McAuley E, Konopack JF, Motl RW, et al. Physical activity and quality of life in older adults: influence of health status and self-efficacy. Ann Behav Med. 2006 Feb;31(1):99-103. doi: 10.1207/s15324796abm3101_14.
23. 23. Pernambuco CS, Rodrigues BM, Bezerra JCP, et al. Quality of life, elderly and physical activity. Health. 2012 Jan;4:88-93. doi: 10.4236/health.2012.42014.
24. 24. Barbosa AP, Teixeira TG, Orlandi B, et al. Level of physical activity and quality of life: a comparative study among the elderly of rural and urban areas. Rev. bras. geriatr. gerontol. 2015 Dec;18(4):743-754. doi: 10.1590/1809-9823.2015.14182
25. 25. Koltyn KF. The association between physical activity and quality of life in older women. Womens Health Issues. 2001 Nov-Dec;11(6):471-80. doi: 10.1016/s1049-3867(01)00128-1.