Instructions for Authors

Manuscript Title

The manuscript title should be concise, informative, and accurately reflect the content of the study. It should not exceed 12 words and should be formatted in Times New Roman, 14-point, bold, and centered.

Abstract

The abstract should be written in Times New Roman, 10-point font, single-spaced, and fully justified. It should not exceed 150 words and should briefly describe the background, objective, methods, results, and conclusion of the study while emphasizing its originality and significance.

Footnotes, references, abbreviations that are not widely recognized, tables, and figures should not be included in the abstract.

Keywords: Provide 3–5 keywords immediately after the abstract. Keywords should be separated by commas and, whenever possible, selected from Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) or other internationally recognized indexing vocabularies.

Main Text

The main text should be prepared in Times New Roman, 11-point font, single-spaced, and fully justified.

Page Layout

• Top margin: 3 cm
• Bottom margin: 2 cm
• Left margin: 1.5 cm
• Right margin: 1.5 cm
• Header: 1 cm
• Footer: 1 cm

Paragraph formatting should be as follows:

• Alignment: Justified
• First-line indentation: None
• Spacing before: 6 pt
• Spacing after: 6 pt
• Line spacing: Single

Headings

Main section headings should be written in Times New Roman, 11-point, bold, uppercase letters.

Subheadings should be numbered consecutively (e.g., 1.1., 1.2.) and formatted in Times New Roman, 11-point, bold.

Introduction

The Introduction should present the scientific background of the study, summarize the relevant literature, explain the significance of the research, identify the research problem, and clearly state the study objectives and/or hypotheses. Subheadings may be used when appropriate.

In-Text Citations

CBU-SBED follows the APA 7th edition referencing style.

Single Author

• (Smith, 1990)
• (Smith, 1990, p. 67)
• Smith (1990) reported that...
• According to Smith (1990)...

Two Authors

• (Smith & Jones, 2022)
• Smith and Jones (2022) reported...

Three or More Authors

For both the first and subsequent citations, use:

• (Smith et al., 2022)
• Smith et al. (2022) demonstrated...

Multiple References

List references alphabetically and separate them with semicolons.

Example:

(Jones & Powell, 1993; Peterson, 1995, 1998; Smith, 1990)

Lists

When presenting information in list format, use lowercase letters:

a. First item.

b. Second item.

c. Third item.

Tables

Tables should be numbered consecutively in the order they are cited in the text.

• Table titles should appear above the table.
• Titles should be centered and written in 11-point font.
• Major words should begin with capital letters.
• Text within tables should be Times New Roman, 9-point.
• Tables should be formatted using the AutoFit function.
• Table notes and references should appear below the table in 8-point font.
• Leave one blank line between the table and the subsequent paragraph.

Figures

Figures should be numbered consecutively in the order they are cited.

• Figure titles should appear below the figure.
• Images should be of high resolution and suitable for publication.
• Symbols, abbreviations, and statistical information should be clearly explained in the figure legend when necessary.

All tables and figures must be cited in the text in numerical order.

Figures should be centered on the page and numbered consecutively in the order in which they are cited in the text. If a figure exceeds the page width, it should be proportionally resized to fit within the page margins while maintaining its quality.

Figure numbers and titles should be placed above the figure and centered. The label (e.g., Figure 1.) should be bold, whereas the figure title should be in 11-point font, regular typeface, with only the first word and proper nouns capitalized. Any references or explanatory notes below the figure should be presented in 8-point font. Leave one blank line between the figure and the subsequent paragraph.

II. METHODS

The Methods section should provide sufficient detail to enable the study to be replicated. It should clearly describe the study design, setting, participants, sampling method, eligibility criteria, data collection procedures, measurement tools, validity and reliability (where applicable), ethical considerations, and statistical analysis.

Because the journal employs a double-blind peer-review process, the manuscript submitted for review must not contain any information that could identify the authors or their institutions.

Study Design

Clearly specify the study design (e.g., randomized controlled trial, cohort study, cross-sectional study, qualitative study, systematic review) and justify its selection when appropriate.

Participants

Describe the study population, inclusion and exclusion criteria, sampling method, sample size determination, recruitment process, and study setting. For experimental studies, provide detailed information regarding intervention and control groups, randomization procedures, allocation concealment, blinding methods, and interventions administered. Where applicable, include the clinical trial registration number.

Data Collection

Describe all data collection instruments and procedures in sufficient detail. Information regarding the validity and reliability of questionnaires, scales, or other measurement tools should be provided when applicable.

Statistical Analysis

Describe all statistical methods used to analyze the data, including software packages, statistical tests, significance levels, confidence intervals, and methods used to verify assumptions. The rationale for selecting each statistical method should be clearly explained. References should be provided whenever appropriate.

For qualitative studies, describe the analytical approach (e.g., thematic analysis, content analysis, grounded theory) and the procedures used to ensure trustworthiness and rigor.

Reporting Guidelines

Authors should prepare their manuscripts in accordance with the appropriate international reporting guideline for their study design and indicate compliance within the manuscript.

Recommended reporting guidelines include:

• Randomized controlled trials: SPIRIT, CONSORT and relevant CONSORT Extensions
• Observational studies: STROBE and STROBE Extensions
• Systematic reviews and meta-analyses: PRISMA and PRISMA Extensions
• Study protocols: SPIRIT or PRISMA-P
• Diagnostic accuracy studies: STARD
• Prediction model studies: TRIPOD
• Case reports: CARE and CARE Extensions
• Clinical practice guidelines: AGREE II and RIGHT
• Qualitative research: SRQR or COREQ

III. RESULTS

The Results section should present the study findings objectively and in the same sequence as the study objectives or hypotheses.

Tables, figures, graphs, and illustrations may be used where appropriate to improve clarity. Results should be reported concisely without interpretation or discussion. Statistical findings should include appropriate measures of uncertainty (e.g., confidence intervals, effect sizes, and exact p-values whenever possible).

IV. DISCUSSION

The Discussion should interpret the study findings in relation to the existing literature and explain their scientific and clinical significance.

Authors should discuss similarities and differences between their findings and those of previous studies, provide possible explanations for observed results, address the strengths and limitations of the study, and consider the implications of the findings for research and clinical practice.

The limitations of the study should be clearly presented in a separate paragraph at the end of this section.

V. CONCLUSION

The Conclusion should summarize the principal findings of the study without repeating the Results section. Conclusions should be supported by the study findings and should avoid unsupported claims.

Authors are encouraged to include practical implications of their findings as well as recommendations for future research. Depending on the structure of the manuscript, Conclusion and Recommendations may be presented either as separate sections or under a single heading.

Research Ethics Statement

All manuscripts involving human participants, animals, biological materials, or personal data must include a Research Ethics Statement.

The statement should specify:

• the name of the approving Ethics Committee,
• approval number,
• approval date,
• confirmation that informed consent was obtained when applicable, and
• any institutional permissions obtained.

To preserve the integrity of the double-blind peer-review process, identifying institutional information should be omitted from the manuscript submitted for initial review and provided only after acceptance when requested by the editorial office.

Author Contributions

Authors should provide a statement describing the individual contributions of each author using recognized authorship criteria (e.g., CRediT taxonomy or a similar contribution model).

For manuscripts submitted for peer review, author names and institutional affiliations must not be included in this section. Following acceptance, the contribution statement should be completed before publication.

Example:

• Conceptualization:
• Methodology:
• Data Collection:
• Data Analysis:
• Writing – Original Draft:
• Writing – Review & Editing:
• Supervision:

Conflict of Interest Disclosure

Authors must disclose any financial, professional, institutional, or personal relationships that could be perceived to influence the work reported in the manuscript.

If no conflicts of interest exist, the following statement should be included:

Conflict of Interest: The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

If a conflict of interest exists, authors should provide a clear description of the relationship and explain how any potential conflicts have been managed.

Note: To preserve the integrity of the double-blind peer-review process, author names and institutional affiliations should not be included in this section during the initial submission. This information will be added after the manuscript has been accepted.

Funding Statement

Authors should disclose all sources of financial support for the research, including grant numbers where applicable.

If the study received no external funding, please state:

Funding: This research received no external funding.

Funding information that could reveal the identity of the authors or their institutions should be omitted during the initial submission and added after acceptance.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) Disclosure

Authors must disclose the use of artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted technologies during the preparation of the manuscript.

The disclosure should specify:

• the AI tool(s) used;
• the purpose for which the tool was used (e.g., language editing, grammar checking, image generation, or code assistance); and
• confirmation that the authors reviewed, verified, and accepted full responsibility for the accuracy and integrity of all manuscript content.

Artificial intelligence tools must not be listed as authors because they cannot assume responsibility for the published work.

If no AI-assisted technologies were used, authors should state:

Artificial Intelligence Statement: No artificial intelligence-assisted technologies were used in the preparation of this manuscript.

References

CBU-SBED follows the APA 7th edition referencing style.

References should be:

• arranged alphabetically by the surname of the first author;
• formatted in Times New Roman, 9-point font;
• single-spaced;
• with 0 pt spacing before and after; and
• formatted with a 0.5 cm hanging indent.

Examples:

Journal Article

Göçer Şahin, S., Çakıcı Eser, D., & Gelbal, S. (2018). The interaction effect of the correlation between dimensions and item discrimination on parameter estimation. Journal of Measurement and Evaluation in Education and Psychology, 9(3), 239–257. https://doi.org/10.21031/epod.402992

Book

Cohen, L., Manion, L., & Morrison, K. (2005). Research methods in education. Routledge.

Doctoral Dissertation

Bulut, O. (2013). Between-person and within-person subscore reliability: Comparison of unidimensional and multidimensional IRT models (Doctoral dissertation). ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global. (UMI No. 3589000)

Important Notes for Initial Submission

To ensure a double-blind peer-review process:

• Do not include author names, affiliations, ORCID iDs, acknowledgements, funding information that identifies authors or institutions, or corresponding author details in the manuscript submitted for review.
• Remove all identifying information from the title page, footnotes, document properties, and file metadata.
• Delete any editorial notes or template instructions before submitting the manuscript.

The following information will be requested after the manuscript has been accepted:

• Presentation at a scientific meeting (if applicable)
• Thesis or project information (if applicable)
• Corresponding author's name, e-mail address (ORCID-linked e-mail preferred), and ORCID iD
• All authors' names, academic titles, institutional affiliations, mailing addresses, and ORCID iDs
• Acknowledgements (if applicable)

Open Access License

All articles published in CBU-SBED are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution–NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0) License, which permits non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided that the original work is properly cited.