UNDERLYING CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES OF THE REVOLT OF THE MEDIAN MAGUS

Abstract

This paper deals with the reasons for the Median Magus revolt which broke out at the end of the reign of Cambyses. Information concerning this uprising was obtained from the Bisutun inscription of Darius I, from Herodotus and subsequent Greek writers. Although this event is differently described in the Bisutun inscription and ancient sources, the ancient sources were based upon Darius’ version of events. The Bisutun inscription is of suspect objectivity being Darius’s own autobiography. Darius’s account contra­dicts some of the Persepolis tablets and itself. Consequently the Bisutun inscription when compared with other cuneiform tablets and with the knowledge dispersed amongst the ancient sources are here interrogated to establish the actual cause of the Magus revolt. The study concludes with a general evaluation compiling the data employed.

Keywords

• Darius • Cambyses • Bardiya • Gaumata/Smerdis • The Seven

MAG AYAKLANMASI'NIN ALTINDA YATAN NEDENLER VE SONUÇLARI

Abstract

Bu makalede, II. Kambyses’in hükümdarlığının sonlarına doğru patlak veren Mag Ayaklanması’nın nedenleri konu edinilmektedir. Mag Ayaklanması’na ilişkin bilgi Dareios’un Behistan-Bisutun kaya yazıtı; Herodotos ve ardılı Hellen yazarlarının aktarımlarından edinilmektedir. Epigrafik belgeyle antik kaynaklar bir­birinden farklı şekilde bu olayı ele alsa da, antik kaynakların aktarımı esasen Dareios’un anlattıklarına dayanmaktadır. Behistan-Bisutun yazıtı Dareios’un kendi otobiyografisi niteliğinde olduğundan objektifliği şüphelidir. Nitekim Dareios’un anlatısının bazı Perse­polis tabletleriyle ve kendi içindeki çelişkileri nedeniyle son zamanlarda yapılan çalışmalar Mag Ayak­lan­ma­sı’nın farklı bir perspektifle ele anılıp değerlendiril­mesi gerekliliğini ortaya koymaktadır. Bu bağlamda Behistan-Bisutun yazıtı diğer Persepolis yazıtlarıyla kıyas­la­na­rak; ayrıca antik kaynakların farklı versiyonları sistematik bir halde yeniden değerlendirilerek Mag Ayaklanması’nın en olası nedenleri üzerinde durulmak­tadır. Çalışma, kullanılan verilerin derlendiği genel bir değerlendirmeyle sonlandırılmıştır.

Keywords

• Dareios • Kambyses • Bardiya • Gaumata/Smerdis • Yediler

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