The Payava Sarcophagus

Year 2018, Volume: 6 , 65 - 104, 29.06.2018

İsa Kızgut

https://doi.org/10.13113/CEDRUS/201802

Abstract

The Payava Sarcophagus, which was taken to the British Museum in 1844 from Xanthus, the Lycian capital until the end of the Classical Period, is a sarcophagus with two burial chambers and rich decoration of reliefs and imitation of wooden architectural elements. The two figures on the middle block of the southern face, are seen in a crowning scene. The one to the left, which is armored, is Payava, receiving an honorary crown for his victories. This fact is confırmed by an inscription on the right side. On the combat scene depicted on the eastern broader side, Payava is on horseback and occupies the center of the scene, giving a clear idea of his victory over the opponent soldiers who are seen involved in the Satrap Revolt. The cavalrymen behind him are of a minor importance. On both of the broader sides of the lid, a quadriga scene is seen. On the narrower sides, two sphinxes at the upper, a man and a woman figure sitting are depicted facing each other. The sphinxes should be considered as apotrophaic figures of funerary decorations and should be traced back to Clazomenaian Sarco-phagi, which are parallels of the Ionian pottery. The man and woman sitting opposite to each other must have been representing Payava and his wife. The hunting on the western and combat scene on the western part of the beam completes the ideal representation of the Lycian aristocracy, since a Lycian noble should fight well, should be a good hunter and besides being a good athlete he should be good father. The stylistic analysis revealed that this sarcophagus was manufactured within the period of 360- 350 BC, a date which is supported by historical facts.

Keywords

Xanthus, Payava, Lycia, Sarkophag, Audienz

Payava Lahti

Abstract

Klasik Dönem’in sonuna dek Lykia’nın başkenti olan Ksanthos’tan 1884 yılında British Museum’a götürülen Payava Lahti, iki mezar odalı, ahşap mimari öykünmeli ve kabartmalarla bezeli bir lahittir. Orta blok, güney dar yüzde; ayakta duran iki figür taçlandırma eylemi içindedir. Savaş giysili figürlerden solda duran ve taçlanan Payava’dır. Kazandığı zaferlerden ötürü onur tacı takıl-maktadır. Sağ yanda yer alan yazıt bu savı doğru-lamaktadır. Doğu uzun yüzde anlatılan savaş sahnesinde Payava atın üstündedir ve sahnenin merkezine yerleştirilmiştir. Karşısındaki satrap isyanına katılan askerlere galip geleceği anlaşılmakta, arkasından gelen atlı askerleri ikinci planda kalmaktadır. Kapağın her iki yüzünde birer quadriga sahnesi yer almaktadır. Kapak dar yüzlerde ise, üstte karşılıklı birer sphenks, altta ise karşılıklı oturan erkek ve kadın figürleri yer alır. Sphenksler mezar koruyucu olarak düşünülmeli ve öncüleri Ion sanatının vazo ressamlığına koşut giden Klazomenai lahitlerinde aranmalıdır. Karşı-lıklı oturan kadın-erkek figürleri de mezar sahiplerini yani Payava ve karısını temsil etmelidir. Kiriş üzerinde ise doğu yüzde savaş, batı yüzde av sahnesi işlenerek Lykia aristokrasisinin ideal tasviri tamamlanmış olur. Yapılan biçem kritiği ile bu anıt MÖ 360-350 yılları arasına tarihlenebilmekte, tarihsel olaylar da bu bulguyu desteklemektedir.

Keywords

Ksanthos, Payava, Lykia, Lahit, Audiens

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