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Kavaklı Treasure: Gold Coins Dating to the Constans II Period

Year 2018, Volume: 6 , 465 - 483, 29.06.2018
https://doi.org/10.13113/CEDRUS.201822

Abstract

When Heraclius died in 641 AD, a conflict started for gaining the throne between his two sons. His two oldest sons Heraclius Constantine (Constantine III) and Heraclonas who were brothers-in-law, were crowned as emperors. Constantine III died three months after his coronation. The public and the Senate rejected Heraclonas’ and his mother Martina’s domination and insisted on crowning the son of Constantine III called Constans as a sole emperor. Although his baptismal name was Heraclius, he was officially given the name of Constantine but this was popularly abbreviated to Constans. Constans II depicted with his son, co-emperor Constantine IV, on his issues and his other sons whose name were Tiberius and Heraclius also depicted on the reverse side of gold coins. A group of gold coins were found in Kızılyar/Kavaklı in 1978 and then they were brought to Aydın Museum. Kavaklı Hoard has a group of solidi from the reign of Constans II. There are five different types: Class III (651-654), Class IV (654-659), Class V (659-661), Class VI (661-663), Class VII (663-668). The hoard of Kavaklı will be presented according to its classifications with the help of the historical events of the era.

References

  • Bateson – Campbell 1998 J. D. Bateson – I. G. Campbell, Byzantine and Early Medieval Western European Coins in the Hunter Coin Cabinet. London 1998.
  • Bijovsky 2012 G. I. Bijovsky, Gold Coin and Small Change: Monetary Circulation in Fifth-Seventh Century Byzantine Palestine. Trieste 2012.
  • Diehl 2006 C. Diehl, Bizans İmparatorluğunun Tarihi. İstanbul 2006.
  • Fagerlie 1974 J. M. Fagerlie, "A Byzantine Sicilian Hoard". Ed. D. K. Kouymjian, Near Eastern Numismatics, Iconography, Epigraphy and History. Beirut (1974) 175-184.
  • Goodacre 1971 H. Goodacre, A Handbook of the Coinage of the Byzantine Empire. London 1971.
  • Gökalp 2009 Z. D. Gökalp, Yalvaç Müzesi Bizans Sikkeleri. Ankara 2009.
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  • Grierson 1993 P. Grierson, Catalogue of the Byzantine Coins in the Dumbarton Oaks Collection and in the Whittemore Collection, Phocas to Theodosius III, 602-717. Washington 1993.
  • Grierson 1999 P. Grierson, Byzantine Coinage. Washington 1999.
  • Herrin 2007 J. Herrin, Bizans: Bir Ortaçağ İmparatorluğunun Şaşırtcı Yaşamı. İstanbul 2007.
  • Kurum 1974 M. Kurum, "Cücük Definesi’nin (Constans II-Constantinus III) Solidusları". Türk Arkeoloji Dergisi XX/2 (1974) 79-90.
  • Levtchenko 2007 M. V. Levtchenko, Bizans Tarihi. İstanbul 2007.
  • Lhotka 1989 J. F. Lhotka, Introduction to East Roman (Byzantine Coinage). Long Island 1989.
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  • Morrisson 2014 C. Morrisson, Bizans Dünyası. İstanbul 2014.
  • Mutlu 1989 S. Mutlu, "Anadolu Medeniyetleri Müzesi Bizans Altın Sikkeleri Kataloğu". Ed. Anon. Anadolu Medeniyetleri Müzesi 1988 Yıllığı. Ankara (1989) 67-87.
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  • Ostrogorsky 1995 G. Ostrogorsky, Bizans Devleti Tarihi. Ankara 1995.
  • Penna 2002 V. Penna, Byzantine Coinage. Nicosia 2002.
  • Raeder 1987 J. Raeder, Die Byzantinischen Münzen im-Kestner-Museum. Hannover 1987.
  • Ratto 1959 R. Ratto, Monnaies Byzantines. Amsterdam 1959.
  • Sabatier 1955 J. Sabatier, Decription gènèrale des monnaies byzantines. Austria 1955.
  • Saulnier 2001 J. M. Saulnier, "Collection Paul Canellopoulos, XX. Monnaies Byzantines". Ed. Anon. Bulletin de Correspondance Hellénique, 1. Études. Athens (2001) 413-451.
  • Sayles 1998 W. G. Sayles, Ancient Coin Collecting V: The Romaion/Byzantine Culture. Ioala 1998.
  • Sear 2006 D. R. Sear, Byzantine Coins and their Values. London 2006.
  • Sincona 2011 Sincona, Important Collection of Byzantine Coins, Auction 3. Zurich 2011.
  • Theoklieva-Stoytcheva 2001 E. Theoklieva-Stoytcheva, Medieval Coins from Mesemvria. Sofia 2001.
  • Treadgold 1997 W. Treadgold, A History of the Byzantine State and Society. California 1997.
  • Ünal 2012 C. Ünal, İzmir İli ve İlçeleri (Bergama, Efes, Ödemiş Müzeleri) Örnekleri ile I. Dönem Bizans Sikkeleri 5. Yüzyıl Sonu-8. Yüzyıl Ortası. Manisa 2012.
  • Ünal 2017 C. Ünal, Kavaklı “Hoard from Aydın, Archaeology Museum/Turkey "A Group of Gold Coins from the Reign of Constans II”. Ed. M. C. Caltabiano, XV International Numismatic Congress. Taormina (2017) 1021-1025.
  • Whitting 1993 P. D. Whitting, Byzantine Coins. Fribourg 1993.
  • Wroth 1966 W. Wroth, Catalogue of the Imperial Byzantine Coins in the British Museum, vols. I-II. Chicago 1966.

Kavaklı Definesi: II. Constans Dönemine Ait Altın Sikkeler

Year 2018, Volume: 6 , 465 - 483, 29.06.2018
https://doi.org/10.13113/CEDRUS.201822

Abstract

İmparator Heraclius 641 yılında öldüğünde iki oğlu Heraclius Constantine (III. Constantine) ve Heraclonas ortak imparatorlar olarak taç giyerler. Taç giyme töreninden sadece üç ay sonra III. Constantine hastalanarak ölür. Halk ve senato tarafından sevilmeyen Heraclonas ve annesi Martina reddedilerek, ölen III. Constantine’nin oğlu Constans’ın tek başına imparator olmasında ısrar edilmiştir. II. Constans olarak taç giyen imparator, vaftiz ismi Heraclius olsa da resmi kayıtlarda yer alan ismi Constantine’in kısaltılmış hali Constans olarak tanınmaktadır. İktidarı sırasında basılan altın sikkelerinde II. Constans ortak imparator ilan ettiği oğlu IV. Constantine ve aynı zamanda diğer oğulları Tiberius ve Heraclius ile birlikte tasvir edilmiştir. 1978 yılında Aydın’a bağlı Kavkalı Köyü Kızılyar Mevkiinde alt yapı çalışması sırasında bulunan altın sikkeler Aydın Arkeoloji Müzesi’ne getirilmiştir. Buluntu yerinden dolayı Kavaklı Definesi olarak adlandırılan altın sikkeler imparator II. Constans’ın iktidarında basılmışlardır. Kavaklı Definesi beş farklı tipten oluşmaktadır: Class III (651-654), Class IV (654-659), Class V (659-661), Class VI (661-663), Class VII (663-668). Çalışmamızda, II. Constans iktidarına tarihlenen altın sikkelere dair kronolojik sınıflama döneme dair tarihsel verilerle birlikte sunulacaktır.

References

  • Bateson – Campbell 1998 J. D. Bateson – I. G. Campbell, Byzantine and Early Medieval Western European Coins in the Hunter Coin Cabinet. London 1998.
  • Bijovsky 2012 G. I. Bijovsky, Gold Coin and Small Change: Monetary Circulation in Fifth-Seventh Century Byzantine Palestine. Trieste 2012.
  • Diehl 2006 C. Diehl, Bizans İmparatorluğunun Tarihi. İstanbul 2006.
  • Fagerlie 1974 J. M. Fagerlie, "A Byzantine Sicilian Hoard". Ed. D. K. Kouymjian, Near Eastern Numismatics, Iconography, Epigraphy and History. Beirut (1974) 175-184.
  • Goodacre 1971 H. Goodacre, A Handbook of the Coinage of the Byzantine Empire. London 1971.
  • Gökalp 2009 Z. D. Gökalp, Yalvaç Müzesi Bizans Sikkeleri. Ankara 2009.
  • Grierson 1982 P. Grierson, Byzantine Coins. California 1982.
  • Grierson 1993 P. Grierson, Catalogue of the Byzantine Coins in the Dumbarton Oaks Collection and in the Whittemore Collection, Phocas to Theodosius III, 602-717. Washington 1993.
  • Grierson 1999 P. Grierson, Byzantine Coinage. Washington 1999.
  • Herrin 2007 J. Herrin, Bizans: Bir Ortaçağ İmparatorluğunun Şaşırtcı Yaşamı. İstanbul 2007.
  • Kurum 1974 M. Kurum, "Cücük Definesi’nin (Constans II-Constantinus III) Solidusları". Türk Arkeoloji Dergisi XX/2 (1974) 79-90.
  • Levtchenko 2007 M. V. Levtchenko, Bizans Tarihi. İstanbul 2007.
  • Lhotka 1989 J. F. Lhotka, Introduction to East Roman (Byzantine Coinage). Long Island 1989.
  • Morrisson 1970 C. Morrisson, Catalogue des Monnaies Byzantines, vol. I (491-711). Paris 1970.
  • Morrisson 2014 C. Morrisson, Bizans Dünyası. İstanbul 2014.
  • Mutlu 1989 S. Mutlu, "Anadolu Medeniyetleri Müzesi Bizans Altın Sikkeleri Kataloğu". Ed. Anon. Anadolu Medeniyetleri Müzesi 1988 Yıllığı. Ankara (1989) 67-87.
  • Norwich 2012 J. J. Norwich, Bizans: Erken Dönem (MS 323-802). İstanbul 2012.
  • Ostrogorsky 1995 G. Ostrogorsky, Bizans Devleti Tarihi. Ankara 1995.
  • Penna 2002 V. Penna, Byzantine Coinage. Nicosia 2002.
  • Raeder 1987 J. Raeder, Die Byzantinischen Münzen im-Kestner-Museum. Hannover 1987.
  • Ratto 1959 R. Ratto, Monnaies Byzantines. Amsterdam 1959.
  • Sabatier 1955 J. Sabatier, Decription gènèrale des monnaies byzantines. Austria 1955.
  • Saulnier 2001 J. M. Saulnier, "Collection Paul Canellopoulos, XX. Monnaies Byzantines". Ed. Anon. Bulletin de Correspondance Hellénique, 1. Études. Athens (2001) 413-451.
  • Sayles 1998 W. G. Sayles, Ancient Coin Collecting V: The Romaion/Byzantine Culture. Ioala 1998.
  • Sear 2006 D. R. Sear, Byzantine Coins and their Values. London 2006.
  • Sincona 2011 Sincona, Important Collection of Byzantine Coins, Auction 3. Zurich 2011.
  • Theoklieva-Stoytcheva 2001 E. Theoklieva-Stoytcheva, Medieval Coins from Mesemvria. Sofia 2001.
  • Treadgold 1997 W. Treadgold, A History of the Byzantine State and Society. California 1997.
  • Ünal 2012 C. Ünal, İzmir İli ve İlçeleri (Bergama, Efes, Ödemiş Müzeleri) Örnekleri ile I. Dönem Bizans Sikkeleri 5. Yüzyıl Sonu-8. Yüzyıl Ortası. Manisa 2012.
  • Ünal 2017 C. Ünal, Kavaklı “Hoard from Aydın, Archaeology Museum/Turkey "A Group of Gold Coins from the Reign of Constans II”. Ed. M. C. Caltabiano, XV International Numismatic Congress. Taormina (2017) 1021-1025.
  • Whitting 1993 P. D. Whitting, Byzantine Coins. Fribourg 1993.
  • Wroth 1966 W. Wroth, Catalogue of the Imperial Byzantine Coins in the British Museum, vols. I-II. Chicago 1966.
There are 32 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Archaeology
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Ceren Ünal This is me

Publication Date June 29, 2018
Submission Date April 2, 2018
Published in Issue Year 2018 Volume: 6

Cite

APA Ünal, C. (2018). Kavaklı Definesi: II. Constans Dönemine Ait Altın Sikkeler. Cedrus, 6, 465-483. https://doi.org/10.13113/CEDRUS.201822
AMA Ünal C. Kavaklı Definesi: II. Constans Dönemine Ait Altın Sikkeler. Cedrus. June 2018;6:465-483. doi:10.13113/CEDRUS.201822
Chicago Ünal, Ceren. “Kavaklı Definesi: II. Constans Dönemine Ait Altın Sikkeler”. Cedrus 6, June (June 2018): 465-83. https://doi.org/10.13113/CEDRUS.201822.
EndNote Ünal C (June 1, 2018) Kavaklı Definesi: II. Constans Dönemine Ait Altın Sikkeler. Cedrus 6 465–483.
IEEE C. Ünal, “Kavaklı Definesi: II. Constans Dönemine Ait Altın Sikkeler”, Cedrus, vol. 6, pp. 465–483, 2018, doi: 10.13113/CEDRUS.201822.
ISNAD Ünal, Ceren. “Kavaklı Definesi: II. Constans Dönemine Ait Altın Sikkeler”. Cedrus 6 (June 2018), 465-483. https://doi.org/10.13113/CEDRUS.201822.
JAMA Ünal C. Kavaklı Definesi: II. Constans Dönemine Ait Altın Sikkeler. Cedrus. 2018;6:465–483.
MLA Ünal, Ceren. “Kavaklı Definesi: II. Constans Dönemine Ait Altın Sikkeler”. Cedrus, vol. 6, 2018, pp. 465-83, doi:10.13113/CEDRUS.201822.
Vancouver Ünal C. Kavaklı Definesi: II. Constans Dönemine Ait Altın Sikkeler. Cedrus. 2018;6:465-83.

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