Büyük Muhammet'in Tören Alayı Üzerine, Önyargının İnşası: Tercüme Adı Altında Sahte Yayınlar: Padişah’ın 1687 ve 1697 Tarihli Fermanı

Year 2022, Volume: 10, 371 - 399, 26.06.2022

Terrance Michael Patrick Duggan

Abstract

Bu makalenin konusunu Sultan II. Süleyman (1687-1691), II. Mustafa (1695-1703) ve III. Ahmet (1703-1730) zamanında gerçekleşen askerî yenilgiler sonrasında hazırlandığı iddia edilen ve Osmanlı topraklarında pazartesi ve cuma günleri bütün tebaanın oruç tutmasını ve üç ay üst üste Mekke’de alay düzenlenmesini emreden ferman oluşturmaktadır. Bu sözde fermanın İngilizce tercümesi 17. yüzyılın sonuna doğru basılmış ve çeşitli türevleri farklı zamanlarda tekrar tekrar çeşitli yazılı kaynaklarda yer almıştır. Bu yayınlara göre fermanda peygamberin şefaati ile Allah’tan Osmanlı ordusunun gelecekteki başarısını dilemek üzere üç kere düzenlenmesi gereken tören alayının kuralları da tanımlanmaktadır. Buna göre, peygamberin tabutu farklı yayınlara göre yaklaşık 10, 20 ya da 25 millik (40 km) bir mesafe olan tören güzergâhı boyunca taşınacak, yol boyunca katılanlar kendilerini kırbaçlayarak ağıtlar yakacak ve her mil başına bir insan kurban edilecektir. İngilizcede ilk kez 1687 yılında bir broşür olarak basılan, daha sonra bir dergide “Advice from Turky/News from Turkey” başlığı ile yer alan 1697 tarihli bu metin aslında kara propaganda örneği olarak değerlendirilmelidir. Bu sözde Osmanlı Fermanlarının İngiliz dilindeki farklı versiyonları yaklaşık iki yüz yıl boyunca basılan çeşitli yayınlarda yer almıştır. Pek çok İngiliz okuryazar 20. yüzyıla kadar iki yüzyıl boyunca sözde ve sahte Osmanlı fermanlarında yer alan kasti kötücül iddiaları gerçek kabul etmiştir. Bu da “Öteki”nin barbar ve yobaz olduğuna dair gerçeklik illüzyonu yaratılmasını sağlamıştır.

Keywords

Osmanlı Fermanları, Kara Propaganda, Türkler, Sahte Haber, Gerçeklik İllüzyonu, Peygamberin Türbesi

On the Procession of the Great Mahomet, Manufacturing Prejudice: Published Fabrications - Alleged Translations of Ottoman Decrees

Abstract

The subject of this paper is a series of variants on an alleged translation into English first published in the late 17th c. of what was said to be an ordinance-order-command-proclamation-decree, a firman, allegedly issued in consequence of Ottoman military defeats, by the Ottoman Sultans Süleyman II. (1687-1691), Mustafa II. (1695-1703), and Ahmed III. (1703-1730), for fasting throughout Ottoman territory on Mondays and Fridays by all Ottoman subjects, and, a procession to be held three times in three consecutive months at Mecca. This procession was to transport the coffin of the Prophet Mohammed over a distance of 20 or 10 or 25 miles, with lamentations and flagellations and a number of human sacrifice per mile, all specified in the alleged Order of Procession, to obtain the intercession of the Prophet Muhammed with the Almighty to ensure the future success of Ottoman arms. Published in English as a broadside pamphlet in 1687, and then in a journal article entitled Advice From Turky –News from Turkey in 1697, but which are in fact examples of black propaganda. This series of alleged Ottoman decrees was published in English in variant forms in a variety of publications over the course of nearly two centuries. Doubtless many readers over these two centuries believed the allegations made in these alleged Ottoman decrees to be true, not the malicious fabrications they are, thereby reinforcing the illusion of truth concerning the bigotry and barbarity of “the Other”.

Keywords

Ottoman Decrees, Black Propoganda, the Tomb of the Prophet Mahomet-Muhammed, Turks, Fake News, the Illusion of truth, Bigotry, Barbarity

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