ICT in EFL Teaching and Learning: A Systematic Literature Review

Abstract

This literature review focuses the research conducted on Information and Communication Technology in English as a Foreign Language Teaching and Learning. It reviews various aspects of ICT integration, ICT tools, barriers and challenges to ICT integration, teachers’ perceptions and views about ICT and advantages and benefits of ICT integration in education. The factors effecting pre-service and in-service teachers and student teachers’ perceptions, views and confidence about ICT integration are also discussed and analyzed. This review further discusses the gaps in the studies and establishes a theoretical background for further studies specifically in Oman.

Keywords

• ICT,EFL teaching,barriers and solutions of ICT use,teachers’ attitudes and beliefs on ICT use

References

1. Abu Jaber, M., & Osman, M. (1996). Utilization of instructional technology services by faculty members at Sultan Qaboos University. In International Yearbook on Teacher Education (ICET): 1996 proceedings (Vol. 2, pp. 13–21). Amman, Jordan.
2. Al Khawaldi, H. (2000). Faculty perceptions towards ET status at Omani colleges of education (Unpublished MA thesis), Yarmouk University, Jordan. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11423-007-9041-x
3. Al Musawi, A. (2002). Existing formats and functions of media units in the Omani higher education. Journal of Educational and Psychological Sciences, Bahrain University, 3(2), 33-51. https://doi.org/10.12785/JEPS/030206
4. Albirini, A. (2006). Teachers’ attitudes toward information and communication technologies: The case of Syrian EFL teachers. Computers & Education, 47(4), 373-398. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2004.10.013
5. Al-Huneini, H. (2006). Training teachers to teach using computers in Ibra Basic Education Schools (Unpublished MA ICT & Education Dissertation). School of Education, University of Leeds.
6. Al-Sadi, F. S. (2003). The Internet in English language teaching in Oman, 187-201. https://doi.org/10.4018/JCIT.2016010104
7. Al-Senaidi, S. R., & Gawande, V. (2013). Factors affecting adoption of ICT among Omani faculty members in Sultanate of Oman. International Journal of Computing Academic Research (IJCAR), 2(5). Retrieved from http://meacse.org/IJCAR/archives/31.pdf
8. Al-Senaidi, S., Lin, L., & Poirot, J. (2009). Barriers to adopting technology for teaching and learning in Oman. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2009.03.015

9. Bialo, E., & Soloman, G. (1997). Open your eyes: The evidence is there! Technology and Learning, 18, 70-71. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11423-007-9041-x
10. Bingimlas, K. A. (2009). Barriers to the successful integration of ICT in teaching and learning environments: A review of literature. Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education, 5(3), 235-245. https://doi.org/10.12973/ejmste/75275
11. Boyd, E. (1997). Training-on-demand: A model for technology staff development. Educational Technology, 37, 46-49. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11423-007-9041-x
12. Castro Sánchez, J. J., & Alemán, E. C., 2011. Teachers’ opinion survey on the use of ICT tools to support attendance-based teaching. Journal Computers and Education, 56, 911-915. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2010.11.005
13. Chang, Q., & Zhao, S. (2011). Pedagogical Reasoning on the Integration of ICT and English Teaching. In 2011 International Conference on Modeling, Simulation and Control. IPCSIT 10. Retrieved from http://www.ipcsit.com/vol10/21-ICMSC2011S10007.pdf
14. Clark, W., & Luckin, R. (2013). What the research says. iPads in the classroom. London: Institute of Education University of London. Retrieved from https://digitalteachingandlearning.files.wordpress.com/2013/03/ipads-in-the-classroom-report-lkl.pdf
15. Coppola, E. (2004). Powering up: Learning to teach well with technology. New York: Teachers’ College Press. Retrieved from https://catalog.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/2759507
16. Cuban, L. (2001). Oversold and underused: Computers in the classroom. London: Harvard University Press. https://doi.org/10.12691/education-2-9-4
17. Dang, X. T., Nicholas, H., & Lewis, R. (2012, January). Key barriers to ICT uptake in foreign language teaching in Vietnam: A case study. Paper presented at the International Technology, Education and Development Conference, Valencia, Spain. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/265090672_ICT_in_foreign_language_teaching_in_an_innovative_university_in_Vietnam_Current_practices_and_factors_affecting_ICT_use
18. Dinh, H. T. B. (2015). Factors influencing English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teachers’ use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in classroom practice: A mixed methods study at Hanoi University, Vietnam (Doctoral Thesis). Australia: The Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology. Retrieved from www.camtesol.org/Publication/Selected_Papers_Vol.5_2009.pdf
19. Dinh, T. B. H. (2009, February). Factors affecting novice EFL teachers’ adoption of ICT in classroom practice. Paper presented at the CAMTESOL 5th, Phnom Penh. Retrieved from www.camtesol.org/Publication/Selected_Papers_Vol.5_2009.pdf
20. Dörnyei, Z. (2001). Motivational Strategies in the language classroom. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511667343
21. Ertmer, P. A., Gopalakrishnan, S., & Ross, E. M. (2001). Technology-using teachers: comparing perceptions of exemplary technology use to best practice. Journal of Research on Technology in Education, 33(5). Retrieved from http://www.iste.org/jrte/33/5/ertmer.cfm
22. Frydrochov Klimova, B., & Poulova, P. (2014). ICT as a motivational tool in the learning of foreign languages. Retrieved from http://www.europment.org/library/2014/interlaken/bypaper/EDU/EDU-06.pdf
23. Gibson, S., & Oberg, D. (2004). Visions and realities of internet use in schools: Canadian Perspectives. British Journal of Educational Technology, 35(5), 569-585. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0007-1013.2004.00414.x
24. Graham, R. C., Burgoyne, N., Cantrell, P., Smith, L., St Clair, L., & Harris, R. (2009). Measuring the TPACK confidence of inservice science teachers. TechTrends, 53(5), 70-79. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11528-009-0328-0
25. Gray, K. C. (2001). Teachers’ perceptions of innovation adoption. Action in Teacher Education, 23(2), 30-35. https://doi.org/10.1080/01626620.2001.10463061
26. Groff, J., & Mouza, C. (2008). A framework for addressing challenges to classroom technology use. AACE Journal, 16(1), 21-46.
27. Gunter, G. A. (2001). Making a difference: using emerging technologies and teaching strategies to restructure an undergraduate technology course for pre-service teachers. Education Media International, 38(1), 13-20. https://doi.org/10.1080/09523980010021190
28. Haney, J. J., Lumpe, A. T., Czerniak, C. M., & Egan, V. (2002). From beliefs to actions: The beliefs and actions of teachers implementing change. Journal of Science Teacher Education, 13, 171-187. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1016565016116
29. Hasselbring, T. S., Smith, L., Glaser, C. W., Barron, L., Risko, V., Snyder, C., et al. (2000). Literature review: Technology to support teacher development. Washington, DC: National Partnership for Excellence and Accountability in Teaching (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED448159). https://doi.org/10.5296/jse.v2i2.1174
30. Hew, K. F., & Brush, T. (2007). Integrating technology into K–12 teaching and learning: Current knowledge gaps and recommendations for future research. Educational Technology Research and Development, 55, 223-252. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11423-006-9022-5
31. Higgins, S., & Moseley, D. (2001). Teachers’ thinking about information and communications technology and learning: beliefs and outcomes. Teacher Development, 5(2), 191-210. https://doi.org/10.1080/13664530100200138
32. Hill, J., Reeves, T., Grant, M., Han, S., & Wang, S. (2005). Learning in a wireless environment. The success and challenges of ubiquitous computing in a school. In C. Vrasidas, G. Vrasidas, & G.V. Glass (Eds.). Preparing teachers to teach with technology. Greenwich: Information Age Publishing.
33. Houcine, S. (2011). The effects of ICT on learning/teaching in a foreign language. Retrieved from http://www.pixel-online.net/ICT4LL2011/common/download/Paper_pdf/IBL69-437-FP-Houcine- ICT4LL2011.pdf
34. Howard, B. C., McGee, S., Schwartz, N., & Purcell, S. (2000). The experience of constructivism: Transforming teacher epistemology. Journal of Research on Computing in Education, 32, 455-465. https://doi.org/10.1080/08886504.2000.10782291
35. Hsu, Y. C., Hung, J. L., & Ching, Y. H. (2013). Trends of educational technology research: More than a decade of international research in six SSCI-indexed refereed journals. Educational Technology Research and Development, 61(4), 685-705. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11423-013-9290-9
36. Inan, F. A., & Lowther, D. L. (2010). Factors affecting technology integration in K-12 classrooms: a path model. Education Tech Research Dev, 58(2), 137-154. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11423-009-9132-y
37. Isisag, K. U. (2012). The Positive Effects of Integrating ICT in Foreign Language Teaching. International Conference “ICT for Language Learning” 5th Edition (2012) (pp. 1-4). Florence, Italy: Pixel. Retrieved from https://conference.pixel-online.net/conferences/ICT4LL2012/common/download/Paper_pdf/235-IBT107-FP-Isisag-ICT2012.pdf
38. Jedeskog, G. (1998). Datorer, IT och en förändrad skola. Lund: Studentlitteratur. Retrieved from https://www.bokus.com/bok/9789144008363/datorer-it-och-en-forandrad-skola/
39. Kılıçkaya, F., & Seferoğlu, G. (2013). The impact of CALL instruction on English language teachers’ use of technology in language teaching. Journal of Second and Multiple …, 20-38. Retrieved from http://journal.science-res.com/index.php?journal=JSMULA&page=article&op=view&path[]=3
40. Kirubahar, J. S., Subashini, A., & Santhi, V. J. (2011). ICT Enabled Language Learning Using Handphones - An Experimental Study. Language in India, Strength for Today and Bright Hope for Tomorrow, 11.
41. Koh, J. H. L., Woo, H. L., & Lim, W. Y. (2013). Understanding the relationship between Singapore preservice teachers’ ICT course experiences and technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK) through ICT course evaluation. Educational Assessment, Evaluation and Accountability, 25(4), 321-339. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11092-013-9165-y
42. Kook, J. (1997). Computers and communication networks in educational settings in the twenty-first century: Preparation for educator’s new roles. Educational Technology, 37(2), 56-60.
43. Kumar, S., & Tammelin, M. (2008). Integrating ICT into Language Learning and Teaching: Guide for Institutions. Johannes Kepler Universität Linz, Altenberger Straße 69, 4040 Linz. Retrieved from https://www.academia.edu/235896/Kumar_S._and_Tammelin_M._2008_._Integrating_ICT_into_Language_Learning_and_Teaching_A_Guide_for_European_Institutions._Linz_Austria_Johannes_Kepler_Universit%C3%A4t
44. Lee, K. (2000). Energizing the ESL/EFL classroom through internet activities. The Internet TESL Journal, April 2000. Retrieved from http://iteslj.org/Articles/Lee-InternetActivities.html
45. Leliani, S., Agustiani, M., & Maryani, L. (2014). Integrating ICT to EFL Classroom. Sriwijaya University Learning and Education-International Conference May 16-18, 2014. Palembang, Indonesia: Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Sriwijaya University. https://doi.org/10.21831/cp.v38i1.23439
46. Li, G., & Ni, X. (2011). Primary EFL teachers’ technology use in China: Patterns and perceptions. RELC Journal, 42(69), 69-85. https://doi.org/10.1177/0033688210390783
47. Lock, J., & Redmond, P. (2006). International on-line collaboration: Modeling on-line learning and teaching. MERLOT Journal of On-line Learning and Teaching, 2(4), 233-247. Retrieved from https://jolt.merlot.org/vol2no4/lock.pdf
48. Lowther, D. L., Inan, F. A., Strahl, J. D., & Ross, S. M. (2008). Does technology integration work when key barriers are removed? Educational Media International, 45, 195-213. https://doi.org/10.1080/09523980802284317
49. Maddux, C. (1994). Integration is the Only Option We have. Journal of Information Technology for Teacher Education, 3(2), 129-133. https://doi.org/10.1080/0962029940030201
50. Magen-Nagar, N., & Peled, B. (2012). Me’afyenei Morim BaSvivah Limudit Metukshevet [Characteristics of Israeli school teachers in computer-based learning environments]. Chais Conference for Instructional Technologies Research: Learning in the Technological Era (pp. 212-221). Raanana: Open University. https://doi.org/10.12973/eurasia.2017.00670a
51. Martins, C. B. M. J., Steil, A. V., & Todesco, J. L. (2004). Factors influencing the adoption of the internet as a teaching tool at foreign language schools. Computers and Education, 42, 353-374. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2003.08.007
52. McCrory, R. A. V. E. N. (2008). Science, technology, and teaching: The topic-specific challenges of TPCK in science. Handbook of technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPCK) for educators, 193-206. Retrieved from https://www.punyamishra.com/2008/01/14/handbook-of-tpck/
53. McLuhan, M. (2012). Web 2.0 and English Language Learning: A New Model or A New Muddle? Retrieved from http://blog.englishcentral.com/2012/08/04/web-2-0-and-language-learning/
54. Md. Shah, P., & L. Empungan, J. (2015). ESL Teachers’ Attitudes towards Using ICT in Literature Lessons. International Journal of English Language Education, 3(1), 201. https://doi.org/10.5296/ijele.v3i1.7158
55. Mendieta Aguilar J. (2012). Blended Learning and the Language Teacher: [A Literature Review] (pp. 163-180). Bogotá, Colombia. https://doi.org/10.14483/udistrital.jour.calj.2012.2.a10
56. Mullamaa, K. (2010). ICT in Language Learning - Benefits and Methodological Implications. International education studies, 3(1). https://doi.org/10.5539/ies.v3n1p38
57. Mumtaz, S. (2000). Factors affecting teachers’ use of information and communication technologies: A review of the literature. Journal of Information Technology for Teacher Education, 9(3), 319-342. https://doi.org/10.1080/14759390000200096
58. Nedim ALEV (2003). Integrating information and communications technology (ICT) into pre-service science teacher education: the challenges of change in a Turkish faculty of education (Doctoral Thesis). United Kingdom: University of Leicester.
59. Nyambane, C. O., & Nzuki, D. (2014). Factors influencing ICT integration in teaching - A literature review. International Journal of Education and Research, 2(3), 1-17.
60. Opati, O. D. (2013). The Use of ICT in Teaching and Learning at Makerere University. The Case of College of Education and External Studies. University of Oslo, 1-102. Retrieved from http://urn.nb.no/URN:NBN:no-38128
61. Pachler, N. (2001). Connecting schools and pupils: To what end? Issues related to the use of ICT in school-based learning, In M. Leask (ed.) Issues in teaching using ICT (pp. 15-30). London: Routledge Falmer. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203185117-2
62. Padurean, A., & Margan, M. (2009). Foreign Language Teaching Via ICT. Revista de Informatica Sociala, VII(12). Retrieved from http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.617.7233&rep=rep1&type=pdf
63. Park, C. N., & Son, J-B. (2009). Implementing computer assisted language learning in the EFL classroom: Teachers’ perceptions and perspectives. International Journal of Pedagogies & Learning, 5(2), 80-101. https://doi.org/10.5172/ijpl.5.2.80
64. Pintrich, P. R., Smith, D. A. F., Garcia, T., & McKeachie, W. J. (1991). A manual for the use of the Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ). Ann Arbor: University of Michigan, National Center for Research to Improve Postsecondary Teaching and Learning.
65. Pourhosein Gilakjani, A. (2012). EFL Teachers’ Beliefs toward Using Computer Technology in English Language Teaching. Journal of Studies in Education, 2(2), 62-80. https://doi.org/10.5296/jse.v2i2.1174
66. Prensky, M. (2001). Digital natives, digital immigrants. On the Horizon, 9(1), 1-2. https://doi.org/10.1108/10748120110424816
67. Qureshi, Q. A., Nawaz, A., & Khan, N. (2011). Prediction of the problems, user-satisfaction and prospects of e-learning in HEIs of KPK, Pakistan. International Journal of Science and Technology Education Research, 2(2), 13-21. Retrieved from http://www.academicjournals.org/IJSTER
68. Rahimi, M., & Yadollahi, S. (2011). ICT Use in EFL Classes: A Focus on EFL Teachers’ Characteristics. World Journal of English Language, 1(2), 17-30. https://doi.org/10.5430/wjel.v1n2p17
69. Reid, S. (2002). The integration of ICT into classroom teaching. Research in Ontario Secondary Schools, 7(1). Retrieved from http://www.oise.utoronto.ca/field-centres/TVC/RossReports/vol7no1.htm
70. Reyes Jr, V. C., Reading, C., Doyle, H., & Gregory, S. (2017). Integrating ICT into teacher education programs from a TPACK perspective: Exploring perceptions of university lecturers. Computers & Education, 115(2017), 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2017.07.009
71. Rhodin, N., & Kreutz, J. (2016). Degree Project in English and Learning the influence of ICT on learners’ motivation towards learning English. Retrieved from https://muep.mau.se/ bitstream/handle/2043/20747/Degree%20Project%20Josefin%20&%20Natalie.pdf?sequence=2
72. Robinson, W. I. (2003). External, and internal factors which predict teachers’ computer usage in K-12 classrooms. Detroit, MI: Wayne State University. Retrieved from https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1087223
73. Rozgiene, I, Medvedeva, O., & Straková, Z. (2008). Integrating ICT into Language Learning and Teaching: Guide for Tutors. Johannes Kepler Universität Linz, Altenberger Straße 69, 4040 Linz. Retrieved from https://www.academia.edu/2454849/Integrating_ICT_into_Language_Learning_and_Teaching
74. Saglam, A. L. G., & Sert, S. (2012). Perceptions of in-service teachers regarding technology integrated English language teaching. Turkish Online Journal of Qualitative Inquiry, 3(3), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1080/08886504.2001.10782313
75. Salehi, H., & Salehi, Z. (2012). Integration of ICT in language teaching : Challenges and barriers. 3rd International Conference on E-Education, e-Business, e-Management and e-Learning, 27, 215-219.
76. Sanders, D. W., & Morrison-Shetlar, A. I. (2001). Student attitudes toward web-enanced instruction in an introductory biology course. Journal of Research on Computing in Education, 33(3), 251-262. https://doi.org/10.1080/08886504.2001.10782313
77. Saye, J. W. (1998). Technology in the classroom: The role of disposition in teacher gatekeeping. Journal of Curriculum and Supervision, 13(3), 210-234.
78. Scrimshaw, P. (2004). Enabling teachers to make successful use of ICT. [Review of BECTA Literature]. Becta ICT Research, Version 1. Retrieved from https://dera.ioe.ac.uk/1604/1/becta_2004_enablingsuccessfuluse_litrev.pdf
79. Selinger, M. (2001c). Information and Communication Technology in Schools. Retrieved from http://www.imfundo.org/papers/ict_in_s.doc/
80. Semple, A. (2000). Learning Theories and their Influence on the Development and Use of Educational Technologies. Australian Science Teachers Journal, 46(3), 21-28. Retrieved from http://www.hadassah.org.il/media/2173055/sempel.pdf
81. Shetzer, H., & Warschauer, M. (2000). An electronic literacy approach to network- based language teaching. In M. Warschauer & R. Kern (Eds.), Network-based language teaching: Concepts and practice (pp. 171-185). New York: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139524735.010
82. Shulman, L. S. (1987). Knowledge and teaching: Foundations of the new reform. Harvard Educational Review, 57(1), 1-22. https://doi.org/10.17763/haer.57.1.j463w79r56455411
83. Singhal, M. (1997). The internet and foreign language education: Benefits and challenges. The Internet TESL Journal, June 1997. Retrieved from http://iteslj.org/Articles/Singhal-Internet.html
84. Snoeyink, R., & Ertmer, P. (2001). Thrust into technology: How veteran teachers respond. Journal of Educational Technology Systems, 30, 85-111. https://doi.org/10.2190/YDL7-XH09-RLJ6-MTP1
85. Steiner, D., & Mendelovitch, M. (2017). “I’m the same teacher”: The attitudes of science and computer literacy teachers regarding integrating ICT in instruction to advance meaningful learning. Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education, 13(5), 1259-1282. https://doi.org/10.12973/eurasia.2017.00670a
86. Suh, S. (2005). The effect of using guided questions and collaborative groups for complex problem solving on performance and attitude in a web-enhanced learning environment (PhD Dissertation). College of Education, Florida State University. Retrieved from http://etd.lib.fsu.edu/theses/available/etd-11102005-120503/
87. Troudi, S., & A-Mahrooqi, R. (2014). Blended learning in Saudi Arabia: potential at the tertiary level. Using Technology in Foreign Language Teaching, 30-44. Retrieved from https://books.google.com/books?id=NeOmBgAAQBAJ&pgis=1
88. Van Braak, J., Tondeur, J., & Valcke, M. (2004). Explaining different types of computer use among primary school teachers. European Journal of Psychology of Education, 19(4), 407-422. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03173218
89. Vannatta, R. A., & Fordham, N. (2004). Teacher dispositions as predictors of classroom technology use. Journal of Research on Technology in Education, 36(3), 253-272. https://doi.org/10.1080/15391523.2004.10782415
90. Varsidas, C., & McIsaac, M. (2001). Integrating technology in teaching and teacher education: Implications for policy and curriculum reform. Educational Media International, 38(2/3), 127-132. https://doi.org/10.1080/09523980110041944
91. Veen, W. (1993). The role of beliefs in the use of information technology: Implications for teacher education, or teaching the right thing at the right time. Journal of Information Technology for Teacher Education, 2, 139-153. https://doi.org/10.1080/0962029930020203
92. Volman, M., & van Eck, E. (2001). Gender equity and information technology in education: The second decade. Review of Educational Research, 71(4), 613-634. https://doi.org/10.3102/00346543071004613
93. Vrasidas, C., & Glass, G. (2005). Achieving technology integration in classroom teaching. In C. Vrasidas & G. Glass (Eds.). Preparing teachers to teach with technology (pp. 1-22). Greenwich: Information Age Publishing.
94. Weert, T. V., & Tatnall, A. (2005). Information and Communication Technologies and Real-Life Learning: New Education for the New Knowledge Society. New York: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/b136546
95. Weick K. E. (2000). Educational Organisations as Loosely Coupled Systems. In D. D. Dill (ed.), The Nature of Academic Organisation (pp. 125). Lemma Publishers.
96. Williams, M., & Burden, R. (1997). Psychology for Language Teachers. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
97. Wood, E., Mueller, J., Willoughby, T., Specht, J., & Deyoung, T. (2005). Teachers’ perceptions: Barriers and supports to using technology in the classroom. Education, Communication and Information, 5(2), 183-206. https://doi.org/10.1080/14636310500186214
98. Wood, E., Mueller, J., Willoughby, T., Specht, J., & Deyoung, T. (2005). Teachers’ perceptions: barriers and supports to using technology in the classroom. Education, Communication and Information, 5(2), 183-206. https://doi.org/10.1080/14636310500186214
99. Yang, S. C., & Huang, Y. F. (2008). A study of high school English teachers’ behavior, concerns and beliefs in integrating information technology into English instruction. Computers in Human Behavior, 24(3), 1085-1103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2007.03.009
100. Yildiz, S. (2007). Critical issues: Limited-technology contexts. In J. Egbert & E. Hanson-Smith (Eds.), CALL environment: Research, practice, and critical issues (2nd ed., pp. 145-159). Mattoon, Illinois: TESOL Inc.
101. Yocum, K. (1996). Teacher-Centered Staff Development for Integrating Technology into classrooms. Technology Horizons in Education, 24, 4.
102. Zhao, Y., & Frank, K. A. (2003). Factors affecting technology uses in school: An ecological perspective. American Educational Research Journal, 40(4), 807- 840. https://doi.org/10.3102/00028312040004807