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Doğrusal Regresyon Analizi ve Parametrik Olmayan Mann-Kendall Testi ile Türkiye'deki Yağış Eğilimleri Üzerine Bir Araştırma

Year 2024, Volume: 4 Issue: 1, 19 - 28, 30.06.2024
https://doi.org/10.62816/cevder.1489546

Abstract

Önemli bir küresel sorun olan iklim değişikliği, son dönemlerde pek çok araştırmacının odak noktası haline gelmiştir. İklim, bir bölgenin sıcaklık, yağış, rüzgâr hızı ve hava basıncı gibi meteorolojik parametrelerinin uzun vadeli ortalaması olarak tanımlanır. Yağış ise, zamansal ve mekânsal ölçekte sık değişiklik gösteren önemli bir iklim parametresidir. Bu çalışma kapsamında, küresel ölçekte yaşanan iklim değişikliğinin Türkiye üzerindeki etkilerini ortaya koymak için yarım asırlık yağış verileri seçilerek, analiz edilmiştir. Türkiye’nin coğrafi bölgelerine ait yağış değerleri 1969-2018 dönemi için yıllık ve mevsimsel olarak analiz edilmiştir. Bu amaçla, Dünya Meteoroloji Örgütü tarafından da meteorolojik verilerdeki trendlerin belirlenmesi için önerilen parametrik olmayan Mann-Kendall trend testi ve doğrusal regresyon yöntemi Türkiye'nin bölgelerine ait yağış verilerine uygulanmıştır. Gerçekleştirilen analizler neticesinde, Türkiye’de homojen olarak dağılan 85 meteoroloji istasyonuna ait bulgular bölgesel ölçekte yıllık ve mevsimsel yağış verilerinde doğrusal artma ve azalma eğilimlerinin varlığı ortaya koyulmuştur. Yıllık yağış miktarında en fazla artış 148 mm/50 yıl değeri ile Karadeniz Bölgesi'nde tespit edilirken, Güneydoğu Anadolu Bölgesi'nde yıllık yağış miktarı 3,2 mm/50 yıl azalma göstermiştir. Lineer regresyonun bir diğer önemli bulgusu, coğrafi bölgelere ait mevsim bazlı analizler neticesinde ortaya çıkan Karadeniz Bölgesi’nde tüm mevsimlerde gerçekleşen toplam yağış miktarlarında artan bir eğilimin olduğudur. Bu verilere ilave olarak, her bir bölge için parametrik olmayan Mann-Kendall testi uygulanması ile istatistiki açıdan önemli olan eğilimler çalışılmış ve anlamlı trendlerin yalnızca Karadeniz Bölgesi’nde olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Buna göre, 50 yıllık yağış serisinde gerçekleşen %99’luk önem düzeyinde bir artış eğiliminin varlığı gösterilmiştir. Bir diğer önemli tespit ise sonbahar mevsiminde Karadeniz Bölgesi’nde yaşanan %95 güvenilirlik seviyesinde bir artış eğiliminin varlığı olmuştur.

References

  • Agbo EP., Ekpo CM., Edet CO. (2021). Analysis of the effects of meteorological parameters on radio refractivity, equivalent potential temperature and field strength via Mann-Kendall test, Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 143, 1437-1456.
  • Bahadır M. (2011). Türkiye'de iklim değişikliğinin iklim bölgelerine yansımasında kuzey-güney yönlü sıcaklık ve yağış değişim öngörüleri, Uluslararası Hakemli Sosyal Bilimler E-Dergisi, 26, 1-18.
  • Brown TB., Barry RG., Doesken NJ. (1992, September). An exploratory study of temperature trends for Colorado paired mountain-high plains stations. In American Meteorological Society sixth conference on mountain meteorology, Portland, OR (pp. 181- 184).
  • Çelebioğlu T., Tayanç M., Oruç H. (2021). Determination of temperature variabilities and trends in Turkey, Uludağ Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Dergisi, 26(3), 1003-1020.
  • Dash SK., Hunt JCR. (2007). Variability of climate change in India, Current Science (00113891), 93(6).
  • Deniz A., Toros H., Incecik S. (2011). Spatial variations of climate indices in Turkey, International Journal of climatology, 31(3), 394-403.
  • Demir İ., Kılıç G., Coşkun M., Sümer UM. (2008). Türkiye’de maksimum, minimum ve ortalama hava sıcaklıkları ile yağış dizilerinde gözlenen değişiklikler ve eğilimler, TMMOB İklim Değişimi Sempozyumu, Bildiriler Kitabı, 69, 84.
  • Gocic M., Trajkovic S. (2013). Analysis of changes in meteorological variables using Mann-Kendall and Sen's slope estimator statistical tests in Serbia, Global and planetary change, 100, 172-182.
  • Hussain A., Hussain I., Ali S., Ullah W., Khan F., Ullah S., Zhou J. (2023). Spatiotemporal temperature trends over homogenous climatic regions of Pakistan during 1961–2017, Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 153(1), 397-415.
  • IPCC 2023. Summary for Policymakers. – In: Core Writing Team, Lee, H. and Romero, J. (eds), . Climate Change 2023: Synthesis Report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change IPCC, Geneva, Switzerland, doi: 10.59327/IPCC/AR6-9789291691647.001. p. 1–36.
  • Karaca M., Tayanç M., Toros H. (1995). Effects of urbanization on climate of Istanbul and Ankara, Atmospheric Environment, 29(23), 3411-3421.
  • Kendall M. (1975). Rank Correlation Methods, 4th ed. Charles Griffin, San Francisco.
  • Mann HB. (1945). Non-parametric tests against trend, Econometrica, 13 (3), 245-259.
  • Martinez CJ., Maleski JJ., Miller MF. (2012). Trends in precipitation and temperature in Florida, USA, Journal of Hydrology, 452, 259-281.
  • Partal T., Kahya E. (2006). Trend analysis in Turkish precipitation data, Hydrological Processes: An International Journal, 20(9), 2011-2026.
  • Rustum R., Adeloye AJ., Mwale F. (2017). Spatial and temporal Trend Analysis of Long Term rainfall records in data-poor catchments with missing data, a case study of Lower Shire floodplain in Malawi for the Period 1953–2010, Hydrology and earth system sciences discussions, 2017, 1-30.
  • Sa’adi Z., Shahid S., Ismail T., Chung ES., Wang, XJ. (2019). Trends analysis of rainfall and rainfall extremes in Sarawak, Malaysia using modified Mann–Kendall test, Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics, 131, 263-277.
  • Sanogo A., Kabange RS., Owusu PA., Djire BI., Donkoh RF., Dia N. (2023). Investigation into recent temperature and rainfall trends in mali using mann-kendall trend test: case study of Bamako, Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection, 11(3), 155-172.
  • Tayanc M., Toros, H. (1997). Urbanization effects on regional climate change in the case of four large cities of Turkey, Climatic change, 35(4), 501-524.
  • Tayanç M., İm U., Doğruel M., Karaca M. (2009). Climate change in Turkey for the last half century, Climatic change, 94(3), 483-502.
  • Tayanç M., Karaca M., Yenigün O. (1997). Annual and seasonal air temperature trend patterns of climate change and urbanization effects in relation to air pollutants in Turkey, Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 102(D2), 1909-1919.
  • Tokgöz S., Partal T. (2020). Karadeniz Bölgesinde yıllık yağış ve sıcaklık verilerinin yenilikçi şen ve mann-kendall yöntemleri ile trend analizi, Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology, 10(2), 1107-1118.
  • Toros H. (2012). Spatio‐temporal precipitation change assessments over Turkey, International Journal of Climatology, 32(9), 1310-1325.
  • Toros H., Abbasnia M., Sagdic M., Tayanç M. (2017). Long-term variations of temperature and precipitation in the megacity of Istanbul for the development of adaptation strategies to climate change, Advances in Meteorology, 2017, 1-14.
  • URL-1. Yeni Senaryolar ile Türkiye İklim Projeksiyonları ve İklim Değişikliği https://www.mgm.gov.tr/iklim/iklim-degisikligi.aspx?s=projeksiyonlar, (Date Accessed: 15 April 2024).
  • Unal YS., Deniz A., Toros H., Incecik S. (2012). Temporal and spatial patterns of precipitation variability for annual, wet, and dry seasons in Turkey, International Journal of Climatology, 32(3), 392-405.
  • Verma S., Prasad AD., Verma, MK. (2022). Trends of rainfall and temperature over Chhattisgarh during 1901–2010, In Advanced Modelling and Innovations in Water Resources Engineering: Select Proceedings of AMIWRE 2021 (pp. 3-19). Springer Singapore.
  • Yang P., Xia J., Zhang Y., Hong S. (2017). Temporal and spatial variations of precipitation in Northwest China during 1960–2013, Atmospheric Research, 183, 283-295.
  • Ye F., Kameyama S. (2021). Long-term nationwide spatiotemporal changes of freshwater temperature in Japan during 1982–2016, Journal of Environmental Management, 281, 111866.

A Study on Precipitation Trends in Türkiye via Linear Regression Analysis and Non-Parametric Mann-Kendall Test

Year 2024, Volume: 4 Issue: 1, 19 - 28, 30.06.2024
https://doi.org/10.62816/cevder.1489546

Abstract

Climate change, a significant global issue, has recently become a pivotal area for many researchers. Climate is defined as the long-term average of meteorological parameters such as temperature, precipitation, wind speed, and air pressure of a region. Precipitation is an important climatic parameter that can be variable at the temporal and spatial scales. A half-century precipitation dataset was selected and analyzed to reveal the effects of global climate change on the rainfall amounts of Türkiye. Precipitation data of each geographical region have been analyzed with respect to annual and seasonal basis in the period of 1969-2018. For this purpose, the non-parametric Mann-Kendall trend test which is recommended by World Meteorological Organizations (WMO) and linear regression method have been implemented to each geographical region of Türkiye. As a result of analysis belonging to 85 meteorological stations, the presence of any increasing and decreasing linear trends in annual and seasonal precipitation series have been studied on a regional scale. While the Black Sea Region has the highest increase with 148 mm/50 years, the total annual precipitation in the Southeastern Anatolia Region has decreased by 3.2 mm/50 years. Another important finding of linear regression has been observed that increase in precipitation has occurred in the Black Sea Region in all seasons, as a consequence of seasonal analysis. To determine whether these trends are statistically significant, we used Mann-Kendall test results. The test proved the existence of an increasing trend at 99% significance level in the annual precipitation series of the Black Sea Region. A statistically significant increasing trend was also obtained for the autumn season of the Black Sea Region at a 95% confidence level.

References

  • Agbo EP., Ekpo CM., Edet CO. (2021). Analysis of the effects of meteorological parameters on radio refractivity, equivalent potential temperature and field strength via Mann-Kendall test, Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 143, 1437-1456.
  • Bahadır M. (2011). Türkiye'de iklim değişikliğinin iklim bölgelerine yansımasında kuzey-güney yönlü sıcaklık ve yağış değişim öngörüleri, Uluslararası Hakemli Sosyal Bilimler E-Dergisi, 26, 1-18.
  • Brown TB., Barry RG., Doesken NJ. (1992, September). An exploratory study of temperature trends for Colorado paired mountain-high plains stations. In American Meteorological Society sixth conference on mountain meteorology, Portland, OR (pp. 181- 184).
  • Çelebioğlu T., Tayanç M., Oruç H. (2021). Determination of temperature variabilities and trends in Turkey, Uludağ Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Dergisi, 26(3), 1003-1020.
  • Dash SK., Hunt JCR. (2007). Variability of climate change in India, Current Science (00113891), 93(6).
  • Deniz A., Toros H., Incecik S. (2011). Spatial variations of climate indices in Turkey, International Journal of climatology, 31(3), 394-403.
  • Demir İ., Kılıç G., Coşkun M., Sümer UM. (2008). Türkiye’de maksimum, minimum ve ortalama hava sıcaklıkları ile yağış dizilerinde gözlenen değişiklikler ve eğilimler, TMMOB İklim Değişimi Sempozyumu, Bildiriler Kitabı, 69, 84.
  • Gocic M., Trajkovic S. (2013). Analysis of changes in meteorological variables using Mann-Kendall and Sen's slope estimator statistical tests in Serbia, Global and planetary change, 100, 172-182.
  • Hussain A., Hussain I., Ali S., Ullah W., Khan F., Ullah S., Zhou J. (2023). Spatiotemporal temperature trends over homogenous climatic regions of Pakistan during 1961–2017, Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 153(1), 397-415.
  • IPCC 2023. Summary for Policymakers. – In: Core Writing Team, Lee, H. and Romero, J. (eds), . Climate Change 2023: Synthesis Report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change IPCC, Geneva, Switzerland, doi: 10.59327/IPCC/AR6-9789291691647.001. p. 1–36.
  • Karaca M., Tayanç M., Toros H. (1995). Effects of urbanization on climate of Istanbul and Ankara, Atmospheric Environment, 29(23), 3411-3421.
  • Kendall M. (1975). Rank Correlation Methods, 4th ed. Charles Griffin, San Francisco.
  • Mann HB. (1945). Non-parametric tests against trend, Econometrica, 13 (3), 245-259.
  • Martinez CJ., Maleski JJ., Miller MF. (2012). Trends in precipitation and temperature in Florida, USA, Journal of Hydrology, 452, 259-281.
  • Partal T., Kahya E. (2006). Trend analysis in Turkish precipitation data, Hydrological Processes: An International Journal, 20(9), 2011-2026.
  • Rustum R., Adeloye AJ., Mwale F. (2017). Spatial and temporal Trend Analysis of Long Term rainfall records in data-poor catchments with missing data, a case study of Lower Shire floodplain in Malawi for the Period 1953–2010, Hydrology and earth system sciences discussions, 2017, 1-30.
  • Sa’adi Z., Shahid S., Ismail T., Chung ES., Wang, XJ. (2019). Trends analysis of rainfall and rainfall extremes in Sarawak, Malaysia using modified Mann–Kendall test, Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics, 131, 263-277.
  • Sanogo A., Kabange RS., Owusu PA., Djire BI., Donkoh RF., Dia N. (2023). Investigation into recent temperature and rainfall trends in mali using mann-kendall trend test: case study of Bamako, Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection, 11(3), 155-172.
  • Tayanc M., Toros, H. (1997). Urbanization effects on regional climate change in the case of four large cities of Turkey, Climatic change, 35(4), 501-524.
  • Tayanç M., İm U., Doğruel M., Karaca M. (2009). Climate change in Turkey for the last half century, Climatic change, 94(3), 483-502.
  • Tayanç M., Karaca M., Yenigün O. (1997). Annual and seasonal air temperature trend patterns of climate change and urbanization effects in relation to air pollutants in Turkey, Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 102(D2), 1909-1919.
  • Tokgöz S., Partal T. (2020). Karadeniz Bölgesinde yıllık yağış ve sıcaklık verilerinin yenilikçi şen ve mann-kendall yöntemleri ile trend analizi, Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology, 10(2), 1107-1118.
  • Toros H. (2012). Spatio‐temporal precipitation change assessments over Turkey, International Journal of Climatology, 32(9), 1310-1325.
  • Toros H., Abbasnia M., Sagdic M., Tayanç M. (2017). Long-term variations of temperature and precipitation in the megacity of Istanbul for the development of adaptation strategies to climate change, Advances in Meteorology, 2017, 1-14.
  • URL-1. Yeni Senaryolar ile Türkiye İklim Projeksiyonları ve İklim Değişikliği https://www.mgm.gov.tr/iklim/iklim-degisikligi.aspx?s=projeksiyonlar, (Date Accessed: 15 April 2024).
  • Unal YS., Deniz A., Toros H., Incecik S. (2012). Temporal and spatial patterns of precipitation variability for annual, wet, and dry seasons in Turkey, International Journal of Climatology, 32(3), 392-405.
  • Verma S., Prasad AD., Verma, MK. (2022). Trends of rainfall and temperature over Chhattisgarh during 1901–2010, In Advanced Modelling and Innovations in Water Resources Engineering: Select Proceedings of AMIWRE 2021 (pp. 3-19). Springer Singapore.
  • Yang P., Xia J., Zhang Y., Hong S. (2017). Temporal and spatial variations of precipitation in Northwest China during 1960–2013, Atmospheric Research, 183, 283-295.
  • Ye F., Kameyama S. (2021). Long-term nationwide spatiotemporal changes of freshwater temperature in Japan during 1982–2016, Journal of Environmental Management, 281, 111866.
There are 29 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Environmental Engineering (Other)
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Tuğba Çelebioğlu 0000-0003-3874-573X

Mete Tayanç 0000-0003-4319-3757

Publication Date June 30, 2024
Submission Date May 24, 2024
Acceptance Date June 15, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 4 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Çelebioğlu, T., & Tayanç, M. (2024). A Study on Precipitation Trends in Türkiye via Linear Regression Analysis and Non-Parametric Mann-Kendall Test. Sürdürülebilir Çevre Dergisi, 4(1), 19-28. https://doi.org/10.62816/cevder.1489546
AMA Çelebioğlu T, Tayanç M. A Study on Precipitation Trends in Türkiye via Linear Regression Analysis and Non-Parametric Mann-Kendall Test. Environment. June 2024;4(1):19-28. doi:10.62816/cevder.1489546
Chicago Çelebioğlu, Tuğba, and Mete Tayanç. “A Study on Precipitation Trends in Türkiye via Linear Regression Analysis and Non-Parametric Mann-Kendall Test”. Sürdürülebilir Çevre Dergisi 4, no. 1 (June 2024): 19-28. https://doi.org/10.62816/cevder.1489546.
EndNote Çelebioğlu T, Tayanç M (June 1, 2024) A Study on Precipitation Trends in Türkiye via Linear Regression Analysis and Non-Parametric Mann-Kendall Test. Sürdürülebilir Çevre Dergisi 4 1 19–28.
IEEE T. Çelebioğlu and M. Tayanç, “A Study on Precipitation Trends in Türkiye via Linear Regression Analysis and Non-Parametric Mann-Kendall Test”, Environment, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 19–28, 2024, doi: 10.62816/cevder.1489546.
ISNAD Çelebioğlu, Tuğba - Tayanç, Mete. “A Study on Precipitation Trends in Türkiye via Linear Regression Analysis and Non-Parametric Mann-Kendall Test”. Sürdürülebilir Çevre Dergisi 4/1 (June 2024), 19-28. https://doi.org/10.62816/cevder.1489546.
JAMA Çelebioğlu T, Tayanç M. A Study on Precipitation Trends in Türkiye via Linear Regression Analysis and Non-Parametric Mann-Kendall Test. Environment. 2024;4:19–28.
MLA Çelebioğlu, Tuğba and Mete Tayanç. “A Study on Precipitation Trends in Türkiye via Linear Regression Analysis and Non-Parametric Mann-Kendall Test”. Sürdürülebilir Çevre Dergisi, vol. 4, no. 1, 2024, pp. 19-28, doi:10.62816/cevder.1489546.
Vancouver Çelebioğlu T, Tayanç M. A Study on Precipitation Trends in Türkiye via Linear Regression Analysis and Non-Parametric Mann-Kendall Test. Environment. 2024;4(1):19-28.