Helikopter Anababalık ve Gençler Üzerindeki Gelişimsel Etkileri

Year 2021, Volume: 4 Issue: 8, 134 - 150, 06.01.2022

Cansu Hazal Güçlü , Figen Çok

https://doi.org/10.36731/cg.819709

Cited By: 3

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın amacı son zamanlarda literatürde giderek daha fazla yer alan helikopter anababalık olgusunu özellikle anababa genç ilişkilerinde de görülmesi çerçevesinde gözden geçirmek ve helikopter anababalığın gençlerin ruh sağlığına etkileri konusunda bir değerlendirmede bulunmaktır. Bu çalışmada helikopter anababalığın kavramsal olarak tanımlanması, helikopter anababalığa katkıda bulunan nedenler, içinde bulunduğumuz tarihsel dönem ve kuşak kavramları değerlendirilerek ele alınmakta ve helikopter anababalığın sonuçlarına ilişkin araştırmalar farklı psikolojik boyutlarda (özerklik, bağlılık, kaygı, öz-yeterlik vb.) paylaşılmaktadır. Literatürde helikopter anababalık davranışlarının çocuklarının gelişimi açısından çoğunlukla olumsuz sonuçlar ortaya koyduğu görülmektedir. Helikopter anababaların çocuklarının akademik, sosyal ve kişisel yaşantılarına ilgileri ve müdahaleleri, çocuklarını yaşamın getirilerine karşı hazırlıksız olmalarına neden olup, farklı olumsuz psikososyal sonuçları da beraberinde getirebilmektedir.

Keywords

Helikopter Anababalık, Gençler, Gelişimsel Etkiler

References

• Apetroaia, A., Hill, C., ve Creswell, C. (2015). Parental responsibility beliefs: associations with parental anxiety and behaviours in the context of childhood anxiety disorders. Journal of Affective Disorders, 188, 127-133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2015.08.059
• Ashton-James, C. E., Kushlev, K., ve Dunn, E. W. (2013). Parents reap what they sow: Child-centrism and parental well-being. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 4(6), 635-642. DOI: 10.1177/1948550613479804
• Baumrind, D. (1966). Effects of authoritative parental control on child behavior. Child Development, 37, 887–907. URL: https://www.jstor.org/stable/1126611
• Boyle, M., ve Townsend, M. (2019). Reality Bites Back: To Really Get Gen Z, Look at the Parents, Bloomberg, https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-10-15/midwest-surge-hits-highs-u-k-france-add-curbs-virus-update
• Buchanan, T., ve LeMoyne, T. (2019). Helicopter parenting and the moderating ımpact of gender for university students with ADHD. International Journal of Disability, Development and Education, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1080/1034912X.2019.1634794.
• Chang, M. (2007). Cultural differences in parenting styles and their effects on teens' self-esteem, perceived parental relationship satisfaction, and self-satisfaction. Doctoral Dissertation, Carnegie Mellon University, PA.https://kilthub.cmu.edu/articles/Cultural_differences_in_parenting_styles_and_their_effects_on_teens_self-esteem_perceived_parental_relationship_satisfaction_and_self-satisfaction/6684062
• Chirkov, V. I., ve Ryan, R. M. (2001). Parent and teacher autonomy-support in Russian and US adolescents: Common effects on well-being and academic motivation. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 32(5), 618-635. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022101032005006
• Cline, F. W., ve Fay, J. (1990). Parenting with love and logic: Teaching children responsibility. Colorado Spring: Pinon Press.
• Cline, F., ve Fay, J. (2020). Parenting with love and logic: Teaching children responsibility. Third Edition. Colorado Springs, CO: NavPress Publishing Group.
• Cui, M., Allen, J. W., Fincham, F. D., May, R. W., ve Love, H. (2019). Helicopter parenting, self-regulatory processes, and alcohol use among female college students. Journal of Adult Development, 26(2), 97-104. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10804-018-9301-5
• Cui, M., Darling, C. A., Coccia, C., Fincham, F. D., ve May, R. W. (2019). Indulgent parenting, helicopter parenting, and well-being of parents and emerging adults. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 28(3), 860-871. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-018-01314-3
• Darlow, V., Norvilitis, J. M., ve Schuetze, P. (2017). The relationship between helicopter parenting and adjustment to college. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 26(8), 2291-2298. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-017-0751-3
• Deci, E. L., ve Ryan, R. M. (2000). The “what” and “why” of goal pursuits: Human needs and the self determination of behavior. Psychological Inquiry, 11(4), 227–268. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327965PLI1104_01
• Earle, A. M., ve LaBrie, J. W. (2016). The upside of helicopter parenting: Engaging parents to reduce first-year student drinking. Journal of Student Affairs Research and Practice, 53(3), 319-330. https ://doi.org/10.1080/19496 591.2016.11651 08.
• Erkan, E. (2019). Bağımlılık kişilik özellikleri ile ebeveyn duygusal erişebilirliği ve helikopter ebevyn tutumu ilişkisinde kişilerarası ilişki boyutlarının aracı rolü. Yüksek lisans tezi, Başkent Üniversitesi, Ankara.
• Ertuna, E. (2016). The Turkish translation, and reliability, validity study of helicopter parenting instrument, Yüksek lisans tezi, Yakın Doğu Üniversitesi, Kuzey Kıbrıs.
• Fingerman, K. L., Cheng, Y. P., Wesselmann, E. D., Zarit, S., Furstenberg, F., ve Birditt, K. S. (2012). Helicopter parents and landing pad kids: Intense parental support of grown children. Journal of Marriage and Family, 74(4), 880-896. DOI:10.1111/j.1741-3737.2012.00987.x
• Garst, B. A., ve Gagnon, R. J. (2015). Exploring overparenting within the context of youth development programs. Journal of Youth Development, 10(1), 5-18. http://jyd.pitt.edu/ojs/jyd/article/view/416
• Gomes, S. B., ve Deuling, J. K. (2019). Family influence mediates the relation between helicopter-parenting and millennial work attitudes. Journal of Managerial Psychology.34(1), 2-17. DOI 10.1108/JMP-12-2017-0450
• Grolnick, W. S., Ryan, R. M., ve Deci, E. L. (1991). Inner resources for school achievement: Motivational mediators of children's perceptions of their parents. Journal of Educational Psychology, 83(4), 508. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0663.83.4.508
• Hind, B. Z. (2016). Conceptualization, measurement, and effects of helicopter parenting on college students from the millennial generation. Unpublished Dissertation. Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo.http://scholarworks.wmich.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2931&context=dissertations
• Hirsch, D., ve Goldberger, E. (2010). Hovering practices in and outside the classroom. About Campus, 14(6), 30-32. https://doi.org/10.1002/abc.20007
• Hong, M.-H., ve Doh, H.-S. (2018). Effects of helicopter parenting on depression in female emerging adults: examining the mediating role of adaptive and maladaptive perfectionism. Korean Journal of Child Studies, 39(6), 143-158. https://doi.org/10.5723/kjcs.2018.39.6.143
• Hoskins, D. H. (2014). Consequences of parenting on adolescent outcomes. Societies, 4(3), 506-531. doi:10.3390/soc4030506
• Howe, N., ve Strauss, W. (2007). Helicopter parents in the workplace. Great Falls, VA: Lifecourse. http://www.wikinomics.com/blog/uploads/helicopter-parents-in-theworkplace.pdf
• Kantrowitz, B., ve Peg, T. (2006). The fine art of letting go: As parents, boomers face their final frontier: how to stand aside as their children become ındependent adults: where’s the line between caring and coddling?’’ Newsweek Magazine, http://www.newsweek.com/ od/47719.
• Kelly, L., Duran, R. L., ve Miller-Ott, A. E. (2017). Helicopter parenting and cell-phone contact between parents and children in college. Southern Communication Journal, 82(2), 102-114. doi: 10.1080/1041794X.2017.1310286
• Kim, S.Y., Wang, Y., Orozco-Lapray, D., Shen, Y. ve Murtuza, M. (2013). Does ‘Tiger Parenting’ exist? Parenting profiles of Chinese Americans and adolescent developmental outcomes. Asian American Journal of Psychology, 4(1), 7-18. doi: 10.1037/a0030612
• Klick, J., ve Mitchell, G. (2016). Infantilization by regulation. Regulation, 39(2), 32-37. https://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/rcatorbg39&div=20&id=&page=
• Kouros, C. D., Pruitt, M. M., Ekas, N. V., Kiriaki, R., ve Sunderland, M. (2017). Helicopter parenting, autonomy support, and college students’ mental health and well-being: the moderating role of sex and ethnicity. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 26(3), 939-949. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-016-0614-3
• Kwon, K. A., Yoo, G., ve Bingham, G. E. (2016). Helicopter parenting in emerging adulthood: Support or barrier for Korean college students’ psychological adjustment?. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 25(1), 136-145. DOI 10.1007/s10826-015-0195-6
• Kwon, K. A., Yoo, G., ve De Gagne, J. C. (2017). Does culture matter? A qualitative inquiry of helicopter parenting in Korean American college students. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 26(7), 1979-1990. Doi: 10.1007/s10826-017-0694-8
• Lapsekili Uysal, S. (2020). Helikopter ebeveynlerin çocuklarının benlik algısı durumlarının kaygı düzeyleri üzerine etkisi. Uluslararası Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 13(71), 613-625. http://mts.sosyalarastirmalar.com/Makaleler/24dea7a1-bbe4-4497-bc5a-a7ed55d5553b.pdf
• Lee, J., ve Kang, S. (2018). Perceived helicopter parenting and korean emerging adults’ psychological adjustment: the mediational role of parent–child affection and pressure from parental career expectations. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 27(11), 3672-3686. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-018-1193-2
• LeMoyne, T., ve Buchanan, T. (2011). Does “hovering” matter? Helicopter parenting and its effect on well-being. Sociological Spectrum, 31(4), 399-418. https://doi.org/10.1080/02732173.2011.574038
• Locke, J. Y., Campbell, M. A., ve Kavanagh, D. (2012). Can a parent do too much for their child? An examination by parenting professionals of the concept of overparenting. Journal of Psychologists and Counsellors in Schools, 22(2), 249-265. https://doi.org/10.1017/jgc.2012.29
• Locke, J. Y., Kavanagh, D. J., ve Campbell, M. A. (2016). Overparenting and homework: The student's task, but everyone's responsibility. Journal of Psychologists and Counsellors in Schools, 26(1), 1-15. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/jgc.2015.29
• Love, H., May, R. W., Cui, M., ve Fincham, F. D. (2020). Helicopter parenting, self-control, and school burnout among emerging adults. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 29(2), 327-337. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-019-01560-z
• Luebbe, A. M., Mancini, K. J., Kiel, E. J., Spangler, B. R., Semlak, J. L., ve Fussner, L. M. (2018). Dimensionality of helicopter parenting and relations to emotional, decision-making, and academic functioning in emerging adults. Assessment, 25(7), 841-857. https://doi.org/10.1177/1073191116665907
• Leung, J. T. Y., ve Busiol, D. (2016). Adolescents growing up in a "Greenhouse:" A literature review. International Journal of Child and Adolescent Health, 9(4), 413–422. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1864149721?accountid=15426
• Lungarini, A. (2015). Parenting Styles and Their Relationship with Anxiety in Children. Open Access Master's Theses. University of Rohede Island, Rohede Island. https://doi.org/10.23860/thesis-lungarini-alyssa-2015
• Maccoby, E. M. (1990). Social development: psychological growth and the parent–child relationship. New York, NY: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich.
• McGinley, M. (2018). Can hovering hinder helping? Examining the joint effects of helicopter parenting and attachment on prosocial behaviors and empathy in emerging adults. The Journal of Genetic Psychology, 179(2), 102-115. https://doi.org/10.1080/00221325.2018.1438985
• Montgomery, N. (2010, May). The negative impact of helicopter parenting on personality. Poster session presented at the Annual Meeting of the Association of Psychological Science, Boston
• Natarajan, A. D. (2010). Culture and perceived parenting style: Implications for interpersonal and academic functioning in Indian and American college students. Doctoral Dissertation, Miami University, Ohio. <https://etd.ohiolink.edu/rws_etd/document/get/miami1306110491/inline>
• Odenweller, K. G., Booth-Butterfield, M., ve Weber, K. (2014). Investigating helicopter parenting, family environments, and relational outcomes for millennials. Communication Studies, 65(4), 407–425. DOI: 10.1080/10510974.2013.811434
• Okray, Z. (2016). Helicopter parenting and related issues: Psychological well being, basic psychological needs and depression on university students. Current Research in Education, 2(3), 165-173.
• Padilla-Walker, L. M., Nelson, L. J., Madsen, S. D., ve Barry, C. M. (2008). The role of perceived parental knowledge on emerging adults’ risk behaviors. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 37(7), 847-859. DOI 10.1007/s10964-007-9268-1
• Padilla-Walker, L. M., ve Nelson, L. J. (2012). Black hawk down?: Establishing helicopter parenting as a distinct construct from other forms of parental control during emerging adulthood. Journal of Adolescence, 35(5), 1177-1190. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2012.03.007
• Pedersen, D. E. (2017). Parental autonomy support and college student academic outcomes. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 26(9), 2589-2601. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-017-0750-4
• Pope-Edwards, C., ve Liu, W. L. (2002). Parenting toddlers. In M. H. Bornstein (Ed.), Handbook of parenting: Status and social conditions of parenting (Vol. 1, pp. 45–71). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum
• Pryor, J. H., Hurtado, S., Sharkness, J., ve Korn, W. S. (2008). The American freshman: National norms for fall 2007. Higher Education Research Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, California.
• Rathor, S. (2017). Literature review: Ramification of helicopter parenting on adolescents and emerging adults. Leeds Beckett University, Leeds. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Sneha_Rathor2/publication/331430336_Literature_review_Ramification_of_helicopter_parenting_on_adolescents_and_emerging_adults/links/5c78be1392851c6950493c48/Literature-review-Ramification-of-helicopter-parenting-on-adolescents-and-emerging-adults.pdf.
• Reed, K., Duncan, J. M., Lucier-Greer, M., Fixelle, C., ve Ferraro, A. J. (2016). Helicopter parenting and emerging adult self-efficacy: Implications for mental and physical health. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 25(10), 3136-3149. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-016-0466-x
• Rousseau, S., ve Scharf, M. (2015). “I will guide you” The indirect link between overparenting and young adults׳ adjustment. Psychiatry Research, 228(3), 826-834. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2015.05.016
• Rousseau, S., ve Scharf, M. (2018). Why people helicopter parent? An actor–partner interdependence study of maternal and paternal prevention/promotion focus and interpersonal/self-regret. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 35(7), 919-935. https://doi.org/10.1177/0265407517700514
• Schiffrin, H. H., ve Liss, M. (2017). The effects of helicopter parenting on academic motivation. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 26(5), 1472-1480. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-017-0658-z
• Schiffrin, H. H., Liss, M., Miles-McLean, H., Geary, K. A., Erchull, M. J., ve Tashner, T. (2014). Helping or hovering? The effects of helicopter parenting on college students’ well-being. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 23(3), 548-557. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-013-9716-3
• Segrin, C., Givertz, M., Swaitkowski, P., ve Montgomery, N. (2015). Overparenting is associated with child problems and a critical family environment. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 24(2), 470-479. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10826-013-9859-2.
• Segrin, C., Woszidlo, A., Givertz, M., ve Montgomery, N. (2013). Parent and child traits associated with overparenting. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 32(6), 569–595. https://doi.org/10.1521/jscp.2013.32.6.569
• Segrin, C., Woszidlo, A., Givertz, M., Bauer, A., ve Taylor Murphy, M. (2012). The association between overparenting, parent‐child communication, and entitlement and adaptive traits in adult children. Family Relations, 61(2), 237-252. DOI:10.1111/j.1741-3729.2011.00689.x
• Shoup, R., Gonyea, R. M. ve Kuh, G. D. (2009). Helicopter Parents: Examining the Impact of Highly Involved Parents on Student Engagement and Educational Outcomes. In 49th annual forum of the association for institutional research. http://cpr.iub.edu/uploads/AIR2009ImpactofHelicopterParents.pdf.
• Somers, P., ve Settle, J. (2010). The helicopter parent: Research toward a typology. College and University, 86(1), 18-24. https://search.proquest.com/docview/755285216?pq-origsite=gscholar&fromopenview=true
• Stassart, C., Dardenne, B., ve Etienne, A. M. (2017). The role of parental anxiety sensitivity and learning experiences in children's anxiety sensitivity. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 35(3), 359-375. DOI:10.1111/bjdp.12172
• Stearns, P. N. (2004). Anxious parents: A history of modern childrearing in America. New York: NYU Press.
• Taymaz, A. H. (2019). Ergenlerin algıladıkları helikopter ebeveyn tutumları ile yalnızlık düzeyinin incelenmesi. Yüksek lisans tezi, Gazi Üniversitesi, Ankara.
• Toepfer, S. (2008). Flight pattern of helicopter parents: Emotional distance regulation. Unpublished MSanuscript. Kent State University, Stark County.
• Van Ingen, D. J., Freiheit, S., Steinfeldt, J. A., ve Roberts, A. (2015). Helicopter parenting: The effect of an overbearing caregiving style on peer attachment and self-efficacy. Journal of College Counseling 18(1), 7-20. https://doi:10.1002/j.2161-1882.2015.00065.x
• Wolf, D. S. S., Sax, L., ve Harper, C. E. (2009). Parental engagement and contact in the academic lives of college students. Naspa Journal, 46(2), 325-358. https://doi.org/10.2202/1949-6605.6044
• Yilmaz, H. (2020). Türkiyede helikopter ebeveynlik eğilimi ve helikopter ebeveynlerin demografik özellikleri. Sosyal Politika Çalışmaları Dergisi, 20(46), 133-160. https://doi.org/10.21560/spcd.v20i54504.540233
• Yılmaz, H. (2019). İyi ebeveyn, çocuğu için her zaman her şeyi yapan ebeveyn değildir: Algılanan Helikopter Ebeveyn Tutum Ölçeği (AHETÖ) geliştirme çalışması. Erken Çocukluk Çalışmaları Dergisi, 3(1), 3-31. DOI: 10.24130/eccd-jecs.1967201931114
• Yılmaz, H., ve Büyükcebeci, A. (2019). Bazı pozitif psikoloji kavramları açısından helikopter ebeveyn tutumlarının sonuçları. Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi, 9(54), 707-744. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/1120167
• Zhao, L. (2012). The hymn of the helicopter parent: The relationship between parental monitoring and student’s effort and academic performance. Northwestern University, Illinois. https://mmss.wcas.northwestern.edu/thesis/articles/get/804/Zhao2012.pdf
• Zienty, L., ve Nordling, D. (2018). Fathers are helping, mothers are hovering: Differential effects of helicopter parenting in college first-year students. Celebration of Learning. https://digitalcommons.augustana.edu/celebrationoflearning/2018/posters/19