Otomasyonun Yükselişi. Kitlesel İşsizlik mi? Yeni İstihdam mı? İşgücü Piyasasına Etkisine Dair Bir Değerlendirme

Year 2022, Volume: 13 Issue: 2, 55 - 76, 01.08.2022

Hakan Saraç

Abstract

Teknolojinin gelişmesi işgücü piyasasını çeşitli şekillerde etkilemektedir. Bu etkilerin başında işsizlik sorunu gelmektedir. Sanayi devrimi dönemindeki işsizlik sorunu günümüzde derinleşerek varlığını sürdürmektedir. Bu noktada endüstri 4.0 ile üretim nesnelerin internetiyle birleşerek işgücü piyasasını nasıl etkileyeceği, emeğin makinelerle ikame edilme olasılığı, işgücünün dönüşerek yeni üretim sistemlerine adaptasyonu noktasında çeşitli tartışmalar bulunmaktadır.
Bu çalışmada, teknolojik dönüşümün istihdama dair nasıl bir yansıması olduğu literatür araştırması yöntemi ile ele alınacaktır. Çalışmada “Otomasyonun artmasının işgücü piyasasına etkileri nelerdir?” sorusuna cevap aranmaktadır. Literatür taramasında “automation and unemployment”, “automation and employment” ve ”the future of work” anahtar kelimeleri kullanılmıştır. Akademik veri tabanları kullanılarak 1998-2022 tarihleri arasında yapılan çalışmalar incelenmiştir. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre otomasyonun gelişmesiyle bazı mesleklerin kaybolacağı ve onların yerine yeni mesleklerin ortaya çıkması beklenmektedir. Ayrıca bu süreç sektörlerin dönüşümü, istihdam kutuplaşması ve gelir dağılımı başta olmak üzere işgücü piyasasını birçok yönden değiştireceği görülmektedir. Bu çalışma ile otomasyonlaşmanın işgücü piyasasına yansımasına yönelik farkındalık oluşturulması amaçlanmıştır.

Keywords

Endüstri 4.0, Otomasyon, Makineleşme, Yetkinlik, İşin Geleceği

The Rise of Automation. Mass Unemployment? New Employment? An Evaluation of the Impact on the Labor Market

Abstract

The development of technology affects the labor market in various ways. The first of these effects is the problem of unemployment. The problem of unemployment in the industrial revolution period continues to exist by deepening today. At this point, there are various discussions about how industry 4.0 and production will combine with the internet of things to affect the labor market, the possibility of replacing labor with machines, and the adaptation of the workforce to new production systems by transformation.
In this study, the reflection of technological transformation on employment will be discussed with the literature research method. In the study, “What are the effects of the increase in automation on the labor market?” search for an answer to the question. The keywords “automation and unemployment”, “automation and employment” and “the future of work” were used in the literature review. Studies conducted between 1998-2022 were analyzed using academic databases. According to the results of the research, it is expected that some professions will disappear with the development of automation and new professions will emerge in their place. In addition, it is seen that this process will change the labor market in many ways, especially the transformation of sectors, employment polarization and income distribution. With this study, it is aimed to raise awareness about the reflection of automation on the labor market.

Keywords

Industry 4.0, Automation, Mechanization, Competence, Future of Work

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