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Çin diplomasisi ve dış politikasının yabancı öğrencilerin Kuşak ve Yol İnisiyatifi algısı üzerindeki etkileri

Year 2019, Volume: 1 Issue: 1, 25 - 47, 31.12.2019
https://doi.org/10.38154/cjas.7

Abstract

Çin’in dünya ile ilişkileri Çin’in iktisadi kalkınmasını yansıtacak şekilde gelişmektedir. Çin’in 2010’dan beri süren iktisadi gelişimi birçok kişiyi şaşırtmamış olsa da Çin’in dünya siyasetinin merkezinde yakın zamanda ve dramatik şekilde yeniden ortaya çıkması alışıldık konuların keskin şekilde yeniden canlanması ile sonuçlanıyor. Bu konulardan biri, politika belirleyicilerin oldukça ilgisini çeken ve 2015 itibariyle Çin’i Asya, Avrupa, Afrika’ya ticaret, kalkınma ve kültür kanalları ve altyapı ağları aracılığıyla bağlayacak olan Kuşak ve Yol İnisiyatifi’nin yürürlüğe konmasıydı. Bu makale, Doğu Çin Normal Üniversitesi’ndeki yabancı uyruklu öğrencilerin Kuşak ve Yol İnisiyatifi ile ilgili algılarının Çin dış politikası üzerine olan etkilerini araştırmak üzere kurgulanmış bir çalışmanın bulgularını sunmaktadır. Bulgular, Kuşak ve Yol Projesi ile ilgili yabancı öğrencilerin algılarının, Çin’in dış politikasının geçmişte ve günümüzde kendi ülkelerinde algılanma biçimi ile ilişkili olduğunu ve yabancı öğrencilerin Çin’de yaşıyor olmalarının önceki deneyimlerinden kaynaklı algılar üzerinde bir değişime yol açmadığını veya çok az değişime yol açtığını göstermektedir. Bu bulgulara istinaden bu makale, Kuşak ve Yol Projesi’nin gelecekteki uygulamasının, Çin’in şu anki mevcut diplomatik ilişkilerinden etkileneceği sonucuna varmaktadır. Makale, diğer ülkelerde Kuşak ve Yol Projesinin olumlu karşılanması için Çin’in mevcut diplomatik ilişkilerini güçlendirmesi ve genişletmesi gerektiği yönünde tavsiyede bulunmaktadır.

References

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  • Huang, Yanying, Thomas B. Fischer and He Xu. 2017. “The Stakeholder Analysis for SEA of Chinese Foreign Direct Investment: the Case of ‘One Belt, One Road’ Initiative in Pakistan.” Impact Assessment and Project Appraisal, 35 (2), 158-171.
  • Joshua, John. 2019a. The Belt and Road Initiative and the Global Economy Volume I – Trade and Economic Development. Cham, Switzerland: Springer Nature and Palgrave MacMillan.
  • Joshua, John. 2019b. The Belt and Road Initiative and the Global Economy Volume II – The Changing International Financial System and Implications. Cham, Switzerland: Springer Nature and Palgrave MacMillan.
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  • Kitchin, Rob and Nicholas Tate. 2013. Conducting Research in Human Geography: Theory, Methodology and Practice. Reading, MA: Routledge.
  • Kombo, Donald Kisilu and Delno LA Tromp. 2006. Proposal and Thesis Writing: An Introduction. Nairobi: Paulines Publications Africa.
  • Lei, Zuo. 2018. The Political Economy of China’s Belt and Road Initiative. Singapore: World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd.
  • Liping, He. 1991. “The economic foundation of China’s Foreign Policy.” Cambridge Review of International Affairs, 5 (1), 32-39.
  • Mayer, Maximilian. 2018. “China’s Historical Statecraft and the Return of History.” International Affairs, 94 (6), 1217–1235.
  • Mayer, Maximilian ed. 2018. Rethinking the Silk Road: Chinese Belt and Road Initiative and Emerging Eurasian Relations. Singapore: Springer Nature/Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Merrian, Sharan B. 1988. Case Study Research in Education: a Qualitative Approach. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Inc. Publishers
  • Miles, Matthew B. and A. Michael Huberma. 1994. Qualitative Data Analysis: An Expanded Sourcebook, 2nd ed. London: Sage Publications.
  • Minghao, Zhao. 2016. “The Belt and Road Initiative and its Implications for China-Europe Relations.” The International Spectator, 51 (4), 109-118.
  • Ntibagirirwa, Symphorien 2014. Philosophical Premises of African Economic Development: Sen’s Capability Approach- D.Phil. thesis. Geneva: Globethics.net Theses No. 7.
  • Ohashi, Hideo. 2019. “The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) in the Context of China’s Opening-up Policy.” Journal of Contemporary East Asia Studies, 7 (2), 85-103.
  • Rana, Kishan S. 2007. “Economic Diplomacy: The Experience of Developing States.” Nicholas Bayne and Stephen Woolcock (ed.), The New Economic Diplomacy: Decision-Making and Negotiation in International Economic Relations, 201-220. Hampshire: Ashgate Publishing.
  • Rong, Wand and Cuiping Zhu eds. 2018. Annual Report on the Development of the Indian Ocean Region (2017): The Belt and Road Initiative and South Asia. Beijing and Singapore: Social Sciences Academic Press and Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
  • Sautman, Barry and Yan Hairong. 2009. “African Perspectives on China-Africa Links.” The China Quarterly, 199, 728-759.
  • Sidaway, James D. and Chih Yuan Woon. 2017. “Chinese Narratives on ‘One Belt, One Road’ (一带一路) in Geopolitical and Imperial Contexts.” The Professional Geographer, 69 (4), 591-603.
  • Simon, Herbert Alexander. 1997. Models of Bounded Rationality: Empirically Grounded Economic Reasons. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
  • Summers, Tim. 2016. “China’s ‘New Silk Roads’: Sub-national Regions and Networks of Global Political Economy.” Third World Quarterly, 37 (9), 1628-1643.
  • Syed, Jawad and Yung-Hsiang eds. 2019. China’s Belt and Road Initiative in a Global Context Volume I: A Business and Management Perspective. Cham, Switzerland: Springer Nature and Palgrave MacMillan.
  • Thaliyakkattill, Srikanth. 2019. China’s Achille’s Heel: The Belt and Road Initiative and Its Indian Discontents. Singapore: Springer Nature and Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Wang, Yong. 2016. “Offensive for Defensive: the Belt and Road Initiative and China's New Grand Strategy.” The Pacific Review, 29 (3), 455-463.
  • Weissman, Mikael. 2015. “Chinese Foreign Policy in a Global Perspective: A Responsible Reformer ‘Striving For Achievement’.” Journal of China and International Relations (JCIR), 3 (1), 151-166.
  • Wong, Erebus, Sit Tsui, Lau Kin Chi and Wen Tiejun. 2017. “One Belt, One Road: China’s Strategy for a New Global Financial Order.” Monthly Review, 68 (8), 36-45.
  • Wong, John and Zhiyue Bo eds. 2010. China’s Reforms in Global Perspective. Singapore: World Scientific Publishing Co Pte. Ltd.
  • Wong, John and Liang Fook Lye. 2014. “Reviving the Ancient Silk Road: China's New Diplomatic Initiative.” East Asian Policy, 6 (3), 5-15.
  • Xiao, Ren. 2016. “China as an Institution-Builder: the Vase of the AIIB.” The Pacific Review, 29 (3), 435-442.
  • Xing, Li. eds. 2019. Mapping China’s ‘One Belt One Road’ Initiative. Cham, Switzerland: Springer Nature and Palgrave MacMillan.
  • Yongnian, Zeng and Wenxin Lim. 2015. “China and the World Order.” East Asian Policy, 7 (4), 5-13.
  • Yao, Yang. 2015. “China’s Approach to Economic Diplomacy.” G. John Ikenberry, Wang Jisi and Zhu Feng (ed.), America, China, and the Struggle for World Order: Ideas, Traditions, Historical Legacies, and Global Visions, 161-186. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Yu, Hong. 2017. “Motivation behind China’s ‘One Belt, One Road’ Initiatives and Establishment of the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank.” Journal of Contemporary China, 26 (105), 353-368.
  • Zhang, Shuxiu. 2016. Chinese Economic Diplomacy: Decision-making Actors and Processes. Oxon and New York: Routledge.
  • Zhang, Wenxian, Ilan Alon and Christoph Lattemann eds. 2018. China’s Belt and Road Initiative: Changing the Rules of Globalization. Cham, Switzerland: Palgrave MacMillan.

Implications of Chinese diplomacy and foreign policy on foreign students’ perception of Belt and Road Initiative

Year 2019, Volume: 1 Issue: 1, 25 - 47, 31.12.2019
https://doi.org/10.38154/cjas.7

Abstract

China’s engagement with the world has been evolving to reflect its various economic developments, and although China’s economic progress since 2010 may not be a shock to many, its recent dramatic re-emergence at the centre of global politics has thrown familiar issues into a sharp relief. One such issue is the launch of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), which has been of key interest to policy makers, and which, since 2015, has expanded immensely to link China with Asia, Europe and Africa, boosting trade, development and cultural exchange throughout a broad infrastructure network. This paper presents the findings of a study that was designed to examine the implications of Chinese foreign policy on the perceptions of BRI among foreign students of the East China Normal University in Shanghai, China. The findings of the study reveal that the foreign students’ perceptions of BRI are influenced by how Chinese foreign policy is and was perceived in their respective home countries, and that the experience of living in China had little or no impact in changing their established perceptions. Based on these findings, the study concludes that, the future implementation of BRI will be highly influenced by the existing Chinese diplomatic relations, and as such recommends the consolidation and expansion of China’s existing diplomatic relations if it desires a smoother and better adoption of the BRI in other countries.

References

  • Aberbach, Joel D. and Bert A. Rockman. 2002. “Conducting and Coding Elite Interviews.” PS: Political Science Politics, 35(4), 673-676.
  • Alden, Chris and Daniel Large. 2015. “On Becoming a Norms Maker: Chinese Foreign Policy, Norms Evolution and the Challenges of Security in Africa.” The China Quarterly. 221, 123–142.
  • Allison, Graham T. 1971. Essence of Decisions: Explaining the Cuban Missile Crisis. Boston, MA: Little, Brown and Company.
  • Arugay, Aries A. 2017. “Regional Perspectives on China’s Belt and Road Initiative: Challenges and Opportunities for the Asia‐Pacific.” Asian Politics & Policy, 9 (4), 646-686.
  • Baxter, Pamela and Jack, Susan. 2008. “Qualitative Case Study Methodology: Study Design and Implementation for Novice Researchers.” The Qualitative Report, 13 (4), 544-559.
  • Beeson, Mark and Bisley, Nick. 2013. “Conclusion: Paradoxes, Problems, and Prospects.” Mark Beeson and Nick Bisley (ed.), Issues in 21st Century Politics, 2nd ed., 290-298. Hampshire & New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Berlie, Jean A. 2020. China’s Globalisation and the Belt and Road Initiative. Cham, Switzerland: Springer Nature and Palgrave MacMillan.
  • Bernes, Thomas A. et al. 2014. China’s Engagements with an Evolving International Monetary Payment System: A Payment Perspective-Special Report. New York: Centre for International Governance Innovation (CIGI) and the Institute for New Economic Thinking.
  • Black, Thomas R. 2002. Understanding Social Science Research, 2nd ed. London: SAGE Publications Ltd.
  • Blanchard, Jean-Marc F. and Colin Flint. 2017. “The Geopolitics of China’s Maritime Silk Road Initiative.” Geopolitics, 22 (2), 223-245.
  • Brada, Josef C., Paul Wachtel, and Dennis Yang eds. 2017. China’s Economic Development. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Brady, Anne-Marie and Wang Juntao. 2009. “China’s Strengthened New Order and the Role of Propaganda.” Journal of Contemporary China, 18 (62), 767-788.
  • Brewster, David. 2017. “Silk Roads and Strings of Pearls: The Strategic Geography of China’s New Pathways in the Indian Ocean.” Geopolitics, 22 (2), 269-291.
  • Chen, Huiping. 2016. “China’s ‘One Belt, One Road’ Initiative and Its Implications for Sino-African Investment Relations.” Transnational Corporations Review, 8 (3), 178-182.
  • Clark, Ian. 2014. “International Society and China: The Power of Norms and the Norms of Power.” The Chinese Journal of International Politics, 7 (3), 315–340.
  • Creswell, John W. 2002. Educational Research: Planning, Conducting, and Evaluating Quantitative and Qualitative Research. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Merrill Prentice Hall.
  • Desai, Vandana and Robert B. Potter eds. 2006. Doing Development Research. London: SAGE Publications Ltd.
  • Economist, 2016. Our bulldozers, our rules. Accessed 2 July 2016. http://www.economist.com/news/china/21701505-chinas-foreign-policy-could-reshape-goodpart-world-economy-our-bulldozers-our-rule.
  • Economy, Elizabeth C. 2017. “History With Chinese Characteristics: How China's Imagined Past Shapes Its Present.” Foreign Affairs July/August 2017. https://www.foreignaffairs.com/reviews/review-essay/2017-06-13/history-chinese-characteristics
  • Ehizuelen, Michael Mitchell Omoruyi, and Hodan Osman Abdi. 2018. “Sustaining China-Africa Relations: Slotting Africa into China’s One Belt, One Road Initiative Makes Economic Sense.” Asian Journal of Comparative Politics, 3 (4), 285–310.
  • Enfu, Cheng and Ding Xiaoqin. 2017. “A Theory of China’s ‘Miracle’: Eight Principles of Contemporary Political Economy.” Monthly Review, 68 (8), 46-57.
  • Fallon, Theresa. 2015. “The New Silk Road: Xi Jinping’s Grand Strategy for Eurasia.” American Foreign Policy Interests, 37 (3), 140-147.
  • Farooq, Muhammad Sabil, Nazia Feroze, and Yuan Tong Kai. 2019. “An Analysis of China and Africa Relations with Special Focus on ‘One Belt and One Road.” India Quarterly: A Journal of International Affairs, 75 (3), 366–379.
  • Ferchen, Matt. 2016. China, Economic Development, and Global Security: Bridging the Gaps. Beijing: Carnegie–Tsinghua Centre for Global Policy.
  • Garlick, Jeremy. 2019. “China’s Economic Diplomacy in Central and Eastern Europe: A Case of Offensive Mercantilism?” Europe-Asia Studies, 71 (8), 1390-1414.
  • Garrick, John and Yan Chang Bennett 2018. “Xi Jinping Thought.” China Perspectives [Online], URL: http://journals.openedition.org/chinaperspectives/7872
  • Goldstein, Avery. 2017. “A Rising China’s Growing Presence: The Challenges of Global Engagement.” Jacques deLisle and Avery Goldstein (ed.), China’s Global Engagement: Cooperation, Competition, and Influence in the 21st Century, 1-33. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press.
  • Henson, Spencer and O Fiona Yap eds. 2016. The Power of the Chinese Dragon: Implications for African Development and Economic Growth. New York & Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Huang, Yanying, Thomas B. Fischer and He Xu. 2017. “The Stakeholder Analysis for SEA of Chinese Foreign Direct Investment: the Case of ‘One Belt, One Road’ Initiative in Pakistan.” Impact Assessment and Project Appraisal, 35 (2), 158-171.
  • Joshua, John. 2019a. The Belt and Road Initiative and the Global Economy Volume I – Trade and Economic Development. Cham, Switzerland: Springer Nature and Palgrave MacMillan.
  • Joshua, John. 2019b. The Belt and Road Initiative and the Global Economy Volume II – The Changing International Financial System and Implications. Cham, Switzerland: Springer Nature and Palgrave MacMillan.
  • Keohane, Robert O. and Joseph S. Nye, Jr. 1977. Power and Interdependence: World Politics in Transition. Boston, MA: Little, Brown and Company.
  • Keohane, Robert O. and Joseph S. Nye, Jr. 2012. Power and Interdependence 4th ed. New York: Longman Pearson.
  • Kitchin, Rob and Nicholas Tate. 2013. Conducting Research in Human Geography: Theory, Methodology and Practice. Reading, MA: Routledge.
  • Kombo, Donald Kisilu and Delno LA Tromp. 2006. Proposal and Thesis Writing: An Introduction. Nairobi: Paulines Publications Africa.
  • Lei, Zuo. 2018. The Political Economy of China’s Belt and Road Initiative. Singapore: World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd.
  • Liping, He. 1991. “The economic foundation of China’s Foreign Policy.” Cambridge Review of International Affairs, 5 (1), 32-39.
  • Mayer, Maximilian. 2018. “China’s Historical Statecraft and the Return of History.” International Affairs, 94 (6), 1217–1235.
  • Mayer, Maximilian ed. 2018. Rethinking the Silk Road: Chinese Belt and Road Initiative and Emerging Eurasian Relations. Singapore: Springer Nature/Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Merrian, Sharan B. 1988. Case Study Research in Education: a Qualitative Approach. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Inc. Publishers
  • Miles, Matthew B. and A. Michael Huberma. 1994. Qualitative Data Analysis: An Expanded Sourcebook, 2nd ed. London: Sage Publications.
  • Minghao, Zhao. 2016. “The Belt and Road Initiative and its Implications for China-Europe Relations.” The International Spectator, 51 (4), 109-118.
  • Ntibagirirwa, Symphorien 2014. Philosophical Premises of African Economic Development: Sen’s Capability Approach- D.Phil. thesis. Geneva: Globethics.net Theses No. 7.
  • Ohashi, Hideo. 2019. “The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) in the Context of China’s Opening-up Policy.” Journal of Contemporary East Asia Studies, 7 (2), 85-103.
  • Rana, Kishan S. 2007. “Economic Diplomacy: The Experience of Developing States.” Nicholas Bayne and Stephen Woolcock (ed.), The New Economic Diplomacy: Decision-Making and Negotiation in International Economic Relations, 201-220. Hampshire: Ashgate Publishing.
  • Rong, Wand and Cuiping Zhu eds. 2018. Annual Report on the Development of the Indian Ocean Region (2017): The Belt and Road Initiative and South Asia. Beijing and Singapore: Social Sciences Academic Press and Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
  • Sautman, Barry and Yan Hairong. 2009. “African Perspectives on China-Africa Links.” The China Quarterly, 199, 728-759.
  • Sidaway, James D. and Chih Yuan Woon. 2017. “Chinese Narratives on ‘One Belt, One Road’ (一带一路) in Geopolitical and Imperial Contexts.” The Professional Geographer, 69 (4), 591-603.
  • Simon, Herbert Alexander. 1997. Models of Bounded Rationality: Empirically Grounded Economic Reasons. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
  • Summers, Tim. 2016. “China’s ‘New Silk Roads’: Sub-national Regions and Networks of Global Political Economy.” Third World Quarterly, 37 (9), 1628-1643.
  • Syed, Jawad and Yung-Hsiang eds. 2019. China’s Belt and Road Initiative in a Global Context Volume I: A Business and Management Perspective. Cham, Switzerland: Springer Nature and Palgrave MacMillan.
  • Thaliyakkattill, Srikanth. 2019. China’s Achille’s Heel: The Belt and Road Initiative and Its Indian Discontents. Singapore: Springer Nature and Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Wang, Yong. 2016. “Offensive for Defensive: the Belt and Road Initiative and China's New Grand Strategy.” The Pacific Review, 29 (3), 455-463.
  • Weissman, Mikael. 2015. “Chinese Foreign Policy in a Global Perspective: A Responsible Reformer ‘Striving For Achievement’.” Journal of China and International Relations (JCIR), 3 (1), 151-166.
  • Wong, Erebus, Sit Tsui, Lau Kin Chi and Wen Tiejun. 2017. “One Belt, One Road: China’s Strategy for a New Global Financial Order.” Monthly Review, 68 (8), 36-45.
  • Wong, John and Zhiyue Bo eds. 2010. China’s Reforms in Global Perspective. Singapore: World Scientific Publishing Co Pte. Ltd.
  • Wong, John and Liang Fook Lye. 2014. “Reviving the Ancient Silk Road: China's New Diplomatic Initiative.” East Asian Policy, 6 (3), 5-15.
  • Xiao, Ren. 2016. “China as an Institution-Builder: the Vase of the AIIB.” The Pacific Review, 29 (3), 435-442.
  • Xing, Li. eds. 2019. Mapping China’s ‘One Belt One Road’ Initiative. Cham, Switzerland: Springer Nature and Palgrave MacMillan.
  • Yongnian, Zeng and Wenxin Lim. 2015. “China and the World Order.” East Asian Policy, 7 (4), 5-13.
  • Yao, Yang. 2015. “China’s Approach to Economic Diplomacy.” G. John Ikenberry, Wang Jisi and Zhu Feng (ed.), America, China, and the Struggle for World Order: Ideas, Traditions, Historical Legacies, and Global Visions, 161-186. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Yu, Hong. 2017. “Motivation behind China’s ‘One Belt, One Road’ Initiatives and Establishment of the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank.” Journal of Contemporary China, 26 (105), 353-368.
  • Zhang, Shuxiu. 2016. Chinese Economic Diplomacy: Decision-making Actors and Processes. Oxon and New York: Routledge.
  • Zhang, Wenxian, Ilan Alon and Christoph Lattemann eds. 2018. China’s Belt and Road Initiative: Changing the Rules of Globalization. Cham, Switzerland: Palgrave MacMillan.
There are 64 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects International Relations, Studies of Asian Society, Regional Studies
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Conrad John Masabo This is me 0000-0002-7060-8594

Publication Date December 31, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2019 Volume: 1 Issue: 1

Cite

Chicago Masabo, Conrad John. “Implications of Chinese Diplomacy and Foreign Policy on Foreign students’ Perception of Belt and Road Initiative”. Cappadocia Journal of Area Studies 1, no. 1 (December 2019): 25-47. https://doi.org/10.38154/cjas.7.