Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

Orta Gelir Tuzağından Çıkış İçin Yeni Bir Strateji: Küresel Keynesyencilik

Year 2017, Volume: 7 Issue: 2, 1 - 28, 30.12.2017

Yaşar Tamer Ergül

Abstract

Son yıllarda “orta gelir tuzağı” kavramı
sıklıkla tartışılmaktadır. Gelişmekte olan ülkelere, bu tuzaktan kurtulup
yüksek gelir düzeyine ulaşmaları için çeşitli öneriler getirilmektedir. Bu
öneriler, bu ülkelerin yüksek katma değerli teknolojik ürünler üretebilmeleri
için gerekli tedbirleri içermektedir. Bu öneriler açık bir şekilde ihracata
dayalı büyüme stratejisine dayanmaktadır. Ancak bu stratejinin yapısal bir
kusuru bulunmaktadır; gelişmiş ülkelerin ithalat kapasiteleri tarafından
belirlenen, gelişmekte olan ülkelerin ihraç malları pazarı sınırlı olduğu için,
tüm gelişmekte olan ülkeler ihracatlarını aynı anda artıramayacaklardır.

Eğer tüm ülkelerin ihracatlarının eşanlı
olarak artması mümkün değilse, bu ülkeler kendilerini artan bir rekabet
ortamında bulacaklar ve orta gelir tuzağından kurtulmaları mümkün olmayacaktır.
Bu engeli aşabilmek için, ekonomik sorunları küresel düzeyde ele almak yararlı
olabilir.
























Bu çalışmanın amacı, orta gelir tuzağının
nedeninin ihracata dayalı kalkınma stratejisi  olduğunu göstermek ve bu sorunu aşmak için
Küresel Keynesciliğin tüm gelişmekte olan ülkelerin ortak çıkarına bir yaklaşım
olma potansiyelini ortaya koymaktır.

Keywords

Post Keynesyen İktisat Orta Gelir Tuzağı Ekonomik Büyüme Küresel Keynesyencilik

References

  • Arestis, P. ve Sawyer, M. (2004). On the Effectiveness of Monetary Policy and of Fiscal Policy. Review of Social Economy, LXII(4), 441-463.
  • Arestis, P., Basu, S. ve Sushanta, M. (2005). Financial globalization: the need for a single currency and a global central bank, Journal of Post Keynesian Economics, Spring 2005, 27(3), 507-531.
  • Argitis, G. (2011). A view on post-Keynesian interest rate policy. Intervention, 8(I), 91-122.
  • Blecker, R. A. (1999). The Diminishing Returns to Export-Led Growth. Çalışma Metni, Council on Foreign Relations. http://www.cfr.org/trade/diminishing-returns-export-led-growth-cfr-paper/p8709 (Erişim Tarihi: 12 Ekim 2016).
  • Bougrine, H. (2004). Public debt and private wealth. Wray, L.R. ve Forstater, M. (Ed.). Contemporary Post Keynesian Analysis içinde (24-43). Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.
  • Davidson, P. (1999). Uncertainty, International Money, Employment and Theory. London: Macmillan Press.
  • Domar, E. (1944). The ‘Burden of Debt’ and the National Income. The American Economic Review, 34(4), 798-827.
  • Ertürk, K. A. (2002). Overcapacity and the East Asian crisis. Journal of Post Keynesian Economics, 24(2), 253-275.
  • Galbraith, J. K. (1995). Global Keynesianism in the Wings? World Policy Journal, 12(3), 65-69.
  • Giles, J. A. ve Williams, C. L. (2000). Export-led growth: a survey of the empirical literature and some non-causality results. Part 1. The Journal of International Trade & Economic Development, 9(3), 261-337.
  • Gill, I. ve Kharas, H. (2007). An East Asian Renaissance: Ideas for Economic Growth. Washington, DC: World Bank.
  • Grabel, I. (2010). Financial Systems and Economic Development in the 21st Century: Are We All Keynesians Yet? Arestis, P. ve Sawyer, M. (Ed.). 21st Century Keynesian Economics içinde (1-38). Hampshire: Palgrave Macmilllan.
  • Hein, E. ve Stockhammer, E. (2010). Macroeconomic Policy Mix, Employment and Inflation in a Post-Keynesian Alternative to the New Consensus Model. Review of Political Economy, 22(3), 317-354.
  • Hein, E. ve Achim, T. (2013). Finance-dominated capitalism in crisis- the case for a global Keynesian New Deal. Journal of Post Keynesian Economics, Winter 2013, 35(2), 187-213.
  • Kalecki, M. (1971). The Determinants of Profits. Kalecki, M. (Ed.). Selected Essays on the Dynamics of the Capitalist Economy 1933- 1970 içinde (78-92). London: Cambridge University Press.
  • Kasahara, S. (2013). The Asian Developmental State and the Flying Geese Paradigm. Çalışma Metni, no: 213, United Nations Commission on Trade and Development, Geneva.
  • Keynes, John Maynard (1964), The General Theory of Employment, Interest, And Money. New York: Harcourt, Inc.
  • Köhler G. ve Taush, A. (2002). Global Keynesianism: Unequal Exchange and Global Exploitation. New York: Nova Science Publishers Inc.
  • Mayer, J. (2013). Towards more Balanced Growth Strategies in Developing Countries: Issues Related to Market Size, Trade Balances and Purchasing Power. Çalışma Metni, no: 214, United Nations Commission on Trade and Development, Geneva.
  • Palley, Thomas (2011). The Rise and Fall of Export-Led Growth. Çalışma Metni, no: 675, The Levy Economics Institute.
  • Patomäki, Heikki (2013), The Great Eurozone Disaster: from Crisis to Global New Deal. London: Zed Books.
  • Peerenboom, R. (2014). China and the middle-income trap: toward a Post Washington, Post Beijing Consensus. The Pacific Review, 27(5), 651-673.
  • Razmi, A. (2007). Pursuing manufacturing-based export –led growth: are developing countries increasingly crowding each other out? Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, 18, 460-482.
  • Razmi, A. ve Blecker. R. (2008). Developing Country Exports of Manufactures: Moving Up the Ladder to Escape the Fallacy of Composition? Journal of Development Studies, 44(1), 21-48.
  • Schulmeister, S. (2014). A General Financial Transactions Tax. Motives, Effects and Implementation According to the Proposal of the European Commission. Çalışma Metni, no: 461, WIFO. http://www.wifo.ac.at/wwa/pubid/47125 (Erişim Tarihi: 24 Temmuz 2016).
  • Smithin, J. (2001). International monetary arrangements. (Ed.). Holt, R.P.F. ve Pressman, S. A New Guide to Post Keynesian Economics içinde (114-125). London: Routledge.
  • Thirlwall, A. P. (2002). The Nature of Economic Growth: An Alternative Framework for Understanding the Performance of Nations. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.
  • Thirlwall, A. P. (2011). Balance of payments constrained growth models: history and overview. PSL Quarterly Review, 64(259), 307-351.
  • UNCTADSTAT (United Nations Conference on Trade and Development Statistics). http://unctadstat.unctad.org/EN/Index.html (Erişim Tarihi:18 Ağustos 2016).
  • Verdoorn, P. J. (2002), Factors that Determine the Growth of Labour Productivity. (Ed.). McCombie, J. , Pugno, M. ve Soro, B. Productivity Growth and Economic Performance içinde (28-36). Hampshire: Palgrave Mcmillan.
  • Williamson, John (2004). The strange history of the Washington consensus. Journal of Post Keynesian Economics, Winter 2004-5 27(2), 195-206.
  • Wray, L. Randall (2001). Money and Inflation. (Ed.). Holt, R.P.F. ve Pressman, S. A New Guide to Post Keynesian Economics içinde (79-91). London: Routledge.
  • World Bank, Development Research Center of the State Council, the People’s Republic of China. (2013). China 2030: Building a Modern, Harmonious, and Creative Society. Washington: World Bank. https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/12925 (Erişim Tarihi: 27 Haziran 2016).

Year 2017, Volume: 7 Issue: 2, 1 - 28, 30.12.2017

Yaşar Tamer Ergül

Abstract

References

  • Arestis, P. ve Sawyer, M. (2004). On the Effectiveness of Monetary Policy and of Fiscal Policy. Review of Social Economy, LXII(4), 441-463.
  • Arestis, P., Basu, S. ve Sushanta, M. (2005). Financial globalization: the need for a single currency and a global central bank, Journal of Post Keynesian Economics, Spring 2005, 27(3), 507-531.
  • Argitis, G. (2011). A view on post-Keynesian interest rate policy. Intervention, 8(I), 91-122.
  • Blecker, R. A. (1999). The Diminishing Returns to Export-Led Growth. Çalışma Metni, Council on Foreign Relations. http://www.cfr.org/trade/diminishing-returns-export-led-growth-cfr-paper/p8709 (Erişim Tarihi: 12 Ekim 2016).
  • Bougrine, H. (2004). Public debt and private wealth. Wray, L.R. ve Forstater, M. (Ed.). Contemporary Post Keynesian Analysis içinde (24-43). Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.
  • Davidson, P. (1999). Uncertainty, International Money, Employment and Theory. London: Macmillan Press.
  • Domar, E. (1944). The ‘Burden of Debt’ and the National Income. The American Economic Review, 34(4), 798-827.
  • Ertürk, K. A. (2002). Overcapacity and the East Asian crisis. Journal of Post Keynesian Economics, 24(2), 253-275.
  • Galbraith, J. K. (1995). Global Keynesianism in the Wings? World Policy Journal, 12(3), 65-69.
  • Giles, J. A. ve Williams, C. L. (2000). Export-led growth: a survey of the empirical literature and some non-causality results. Part 1. The Journal of International Trade & Economic Development, 9(3), 261-337.
  • Gill, I. ve Kharas, H. (2007). An East Asian Renaissance: Ideas for Economic Growth. Washington, DC: World Bank.
  • Grabel, I. (2010). Financial Systems and Economic Development in the 21st Century: Are We All Keynesians Yet? Arestis, P. ve Sawyer, M. (Ed.). 21st Century Keynesian Economics içinde (1-38). Hampshire: Palgrave Macmilllan.
  • Hein, E. ve Stockhammer, E. (2010). Macroeconomic Policy Mix, Employment and Inflation in a Post-Keynesian Alternative to the New Consensus Model. Review of Political Economy, 22(3), 317-354.
  • Hein, E. ve Achim, T. (2013). Finance-dominated capitalism in crisis- the case for a global Keynesian New Deal. Journal of Post Keynesian Economics, Winter 2013, 35(2), 187-213.
  • Kalecki, M. (1971). The Determinants of Profits. Kalecki, M. (Ed.). Selected Essays on the Dynamics of the Capitalist Economy 1933- 1970 içinde (78-92). London: Cambridge University Press.
  • Kasahara, S. (2013). The Asian Developmental State and the Flying Geese Paradigm. Çalışma Metni, no: 213, United Nations Commission on Trade and Development, Geneva.
  • Keynes, John Maynard (1964), The General Theory of Employment, Interest, And Money. New York: Harcourt, Inc.
  • Köhler G. ve Taush, A. (2002). Global Keynesianism: Unequal Exchange and Global Exploitation. New York: Nova Science Publishers Inc.
  • Mayer, J. (2013). Towards more Balanced Growth Strategies in Developing Countries: Issues Related to Market Size, Trade Balances and Purchasing Power. Çalışma Metni, no: 214, United Nations Commission on Trade and Development, Geneva.
  • Palley, Thomas (2011). The Rise and Fall of Export-Led Growth. Çalışma Metni, no: 675, The Levy Economics Institute.
  • Patomäki, Heikki (2013), The Great Eurozone Disaster: from Crisis to Global New Deal. London: Zed Books.
  • Peerenboom, R. (2014). China and the middle-income trap: toward a Post Washington, Post Beijing Consensus. The Pacific Review, 27(5), 651-673.
  • Razmi, A. (2007). Pursuing manufacturing-based export –led growth: are developing countries increasingly crowding each other out? Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, 18, 460-482.
  • Razmi, A. ve Blecker. R. (2008). Developing Country Exports of Manufactures: Moving Up the Ladder to Escape the Fallacy of Composition? Journal of Development Studies, 44(1), 21-48.
  • Schulmeister, S. (2014). A General Financial Transactions Tax. Motives, Effects and Implementation According to the Proposal of the European Commission. Çalışma Metni, no: 461, WIFO. http://www.wifo.ac.at/wwa/pubid/47125 (Erişim Tarihi: 24 Temmuz 2016).
  • Smithin, J. (2001). International monetary arrangements. (Ed.). Holt, R.P.F. ve Pressman, S. A New Guide to Post Keynesian Economics içinde (114-125). London: Routledge.
  • Thirlwall, A. P. (2002). The Nature of Economic Growth: An Alternative Framework for Understanding the Performance of Nations. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.
  • Thirlwall, A. P. (2011). Balance of payments constrained growth models: history and overview. PSL Quarterly Review, 64(259), 307-351.
  • UNCTADSTAT (United Nations Conference on Trade and Development Statistics). http://unctadstat.unctad.org/EN/Index.html (Erişim Tarihi:18 Ağustos 2016).
  • Verdoorn, P. J. (2002), Factors that Determine the Growth of Labour Productivity. (Ed.). McCombie, J. , Pugno, M. ve Soro, B. Productivity Growth and Economic Performance içinde (28-36). Hampshire: Palgrave Mcmillan.
  • Williamson, John (2004). The strange history of the Washington consensus. Journal of Post Keynesian Economics, Winter 2004-5 27(2), 195-206.
  • Wray, L. Randall (2001). Money and Inflation. (Ed.). Holt, R.P.F. ve Pressman, S. A New Guide to Post Keynesian Economics içinde (79-91). London: Routledge.
  • World Bank, Development Research Center of the State Council, the People’s Republic of China. (2013). China 2030: Building a Modern, Harmonious, and Creative Society. Washington: World Bank. https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/12925 (Erişim Tarihi: 27 Haziran 2016).
There are 33 citations in total.

Details

Subjects Economics
Journal Section Karatekin İİBF
Authors

Yaşar Tamer Ergül

Publication Date December 30, 2017
Published in Issue Year 2017 Volume: 7 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Ergül, Y. T. (2017). Orta Gelir Tuzağından Çıkış İçin Yeni Bir Strateji: Küresel Keynesyencilik. Çankırı Karatekin Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 7(2), 1-28. https://doi.org/10.18074/ckuiibfd.347173
AMA Ergül YT. Orta Gelir Tuzağından Çıkış İçin Yeni Bir Strateji: Küresel Keynesyencilik. Çankırı Karatekin Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi. December 2017;7(2):1-28. doi:10.18074/ckuiibfd.347173
Chicago Ergül, Yaşar Tamer. “Orta Gelir Tuzağından Çıkış İçin Yeni Bir Strateji: Küresel Keynesyencilik”. Çankırı Karatekin Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi 7, no. 2 (December 2017): 1-28. https://doi.org/10.18074/ckuiibfd.347173.
EndNote Ergül YT (December 1, 2017) Orta Gelir Tuzağından Çıkış İçin Yeni Bir Strateji: Küresel Keynesyencilik. Çankırı Karatekin Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi 7 2 1–28.
IEEE Y. T. Ergül, “Orta Gelir Tuzağından Çıkış İçin Yeni Bir Strateji: Küresel Keynesyencilik”, Çankırı Karatekin Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 1–28, 2017, doi: 10.18074/ckuiibfd.347173.
ISNAD Ergül, Yaşar Tamer. “Orta Gelir Tuzağından Çıkış İçin Yeni Bir Strateji: Küresel Keynesyencilik”. Çankırı Karatekin Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi 7/2 (December 2017), 1-28. https://doi.org/10.18074/ckuiibfd.347173.
JAMA Ergül YT. Orta Gelir Tuzağından Çıkış İçin Yeni Bir Strateji: Küresel Keynesyencilik. Çankırı Karatekin Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi. 2017;7:1–28.
MLA Ergül, Yaşar Tamer. “Orta Gelir Tuzağından Çıkış İçin Yeni Bir Strateji: Küresel Keynesyencilik”. Çankırı Karatekin Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 7, no. 2, 2017, pp. 1-28, doi:10.18074/ckuiibfd.347173.
Vancouver Ergül YT. Orta Gelir Tuzağından Çıkış İçin Yeni Bir Strateji: Küresel Keynesyencilik. Çankırı Karatekin Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi. 2017;7(2):1-28.