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Çivi Yazılı Tabletlere Göre Antik Mezopotamya’da Gezegen-Tanrı/Tanrıça İlişkisi ve Kehanetler: İnanna/İštar Örneği

Year 2025, Issue: 24, 157 - 181, 30.12.2025
https://doi.org/10.58488/collan.1660053

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın amacı antik Mezopotamya dininin farklı bir yönü olan göksel cisimlere inanç ve bu bağlamda ortaya çıkan kehanetler hakkında yeni bir yöntem sunmaktır. Bu yöntem kehanetleri tek tek yorumlamaktır. Sümerce İnanna, Akadça İštar adıyla bilinen tanrıça, gökyüzünde Venüs gezegeninde tezahür etmiştir. Antik Mezopotamya insanı, gökyüzündeki gezegenlerin hareketlerini tanrı ve tanrıçaların kendilerine bir mesaj olarak anlamışlardır. Bundan dolayı astronomik gözlemler ve göksel kehanet yapmaya başlamışlardır. Bu kehanetleri de Enuma Anu Enlil adlı göksel gözlem ve kehanet serisine kaydetmişlerdir. Kâhinler, kehanette bulunurken: “Eğer X olayı olursa, o zaman Y olayı meydana gelir” gibi bir formül kullanmışlardır. Antik Mezopotamya kâhinleri kehanetleri; siyasi, ticari, askeri ve halkı teskin etme gibi birçok amaç için kullanmışlardır. Kehanetlerin gerçekleşme ihtimali neredeyse imkânsızdır. Bundan dolayı bir bilim olarak incelenmesi tartışma konusu olmuştur. Fakat kehanetler incelendiğinde asıl amacın kehanette bulunmak olmadığı ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu suretle kehanetler incelendiğinde antik Mezopotamya dini uygulamaları, göksel bilimi, siyasi, askeri ve toplumsal konular ile ilgili çok değerli bilgilere ulaşılmaktadır.

References

  • Aydın Çakmak, T., Yıldırım, A. 2021 Geçmişten Günümüze Kehanet. Atatürk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi 25: 254-270.
  • Baigent, M. 2015 Astrology in Ancient Mesopotamia: The Science of Omens and the Knowledge of Heavens. Simon and Schuster, New York.
  • Black, J., Green, A. 2003 Mezopotamya Mitolojisi Sözlüğü: Tanrılar İfritler Semboller, (Çev. Necdet Hasgül ). Aram Yayıncılık, İstanbul.
  • Bottero, J. 1974 Symptomes, Signes, Écritures en Mésopotamie Ancienne. Divination Et Rationalité J. P. Vernant (ed.), Editions du Seuil, Paris: 70–197.
  • Brown, D. 2000 Mesopotamia Planetary Astronomy Astrology. STYX Publications, Groningen.
  • Brown, D. 2006 Astral Divination in the Context of Mesopotamian Divination, Medicine, Religion, Magic, Society and Scholarship. East Asian Science Technology and Medicine 25: 69–126.
  • Budge, E.A. 1880 The History of Esarhaddon. Trübner & CO., Ludgate Hill, London.
  • Caplice, R. 1974 The Akkadian Namburbi Texts: An Introduction. Sources from the Ancient Near East 1/1: 7–24.
  • Cifuentes, E. Q. 2024 Mesopotamian Astrology about Elam: An Introductory Overview. Hunara 2/1: 59–71. Cooley, J.L. 2013 Poetic Astronomy in the Ancient Near East: The Reflexes of Celestial Science in Ancient Mesopotamia, Ugaritic and Israelite Narrative. Eisenbrauns, Winona Lake/İndiana.
  • -2014 Propaganda, Prognostication and Planets. Divination, Politics and Ancient Near Eastern Empires, A. Lenzi, J. Stökl (ed.), Society of Biblical Literature, Atlanta: 7–32.
  • Corrente, P. 2024 Gods and Power in Mesopotamia: Nergal. Revue Des Sciences Religieuses 9/64: 339–357.
  • Dilek, Y. 2019 Eskiçağ Mezopotamya Dini Ritüelleri ve Kullanılan Objeler. Selçuk Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Yayımlanmış Doktora Tezi, Konya.
  • Duman, H. 2024 MUL.APİN: İçeriği, Amacı ve Kehanetler. Oannes, 6/1: 47–63.
  • Espak, P. 2006 Ancient Near Eastern Gods Enki and Ea: Diachronical Analysis of Texts and Images From the Earliest Sources to the Neo-Sumerian Period. Tartu University, Ancient Near Eastern Studies, Faculty of Theology, Unpublished Master Thesis, Tartu.

Planet-God/Goddess Relationship and Omens in Ancient Mesopotamia According to Cuneiform Tablets: The Case of Inanna/Ištar

Year 2025, Issue: 24, 157 - 181, 30.12.2025
https://doi.org/10.58488/collan.1660053

Abstract

The aim of this study is to present a new method about belief in celestial bodies, which is a different aspect of ancient Mesopotamian religion, and the omens that emerged in this context. This method is to interpret the omens one by one. The goddess known as Inanna in Sumerian and Ištar in Akkadian manifested in the sky on the planet Venus. Ancient Mesopotamian people understood the movements of the planets in the sky as a message from gods and goddesses. They therefore began to make astronomical observations and celestial omens. They recorded these omens in a series of celestial observations and omens called Enuma Anu Enlil.When making prophecies, diviners used a formula such as: “If X event happens, then Y event will occur.” Ancient Mesopotamian diviners used omens for many purposes, including political, commercial, military and public reassurance. The probability of omens coming true is almost impossible. Therefore, its examination as a science has become a subject of debate. However, when the omens are examined, it is revealed that the main purpose is not to make prophecies. In this way, when the prophecies are examined, we reach very valuable information about ancient Mesopotamian religious practices, astronomy, political, military and social issues.

References

  • Aydın Çakmak, T., Yıldırım, A. 2021 Geçmişten Günümüze Kehanet. Atatürk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi 25: 254-270.
  • Baigent, M. 2015 Astrology in Ancient Mesopotamia: The Science of Omens and the Knowledge of Heavens. Simon and Schuster, New York.
  • Black, J., Green, A. 2003 Mezopotamya Mitolojisi Sözlüğü: Tanrılar İfritler Semboller, (Çev. Necdet Hasgül ). Aram Yayıncılık, İstanbul.
  • Bottero, J. 1974 Symptomes, Signes, Écritures en Mésopotamie Ancienne. Divination Et Rationalité J. P. Vernant (ed.), Editions du Seuil, Paris: 70–197.
  • Brown, D. 2000 Mesopotamia Planetary Astronomy Astrology. STYX Publications, Groningen.
  • Brown, D. 2006 Astral Divination in the Context of Mesopotamian Divination, Medicine, Religion, Magic, Society and Scholarship. East Asian Science Technology and Medicine 25: 69–126.
  • Budge, E.A. 1880 The History of Esarhaddon. Trübner & CO., Ludgate Hill, London.
  • Caplice, R. 1974 The Akkadian Namburbi Texts: An Introduction. Sources from the Ancient Near East 1/1: 7–24.
  • Cifuentes, E. Q. 2024 Mesopotamian Astrology about Elam: An Introductory Overview. Hunara 2/1: 59–71. Cooley, J.L. 2013 Poetic Astronomy in the Ancient Near East: The Reflexes of Celestial Science in Ancient Mesopotamia, Ugaritic and Israelite Narrative. Eisenbrauns, Winona Lake/İndiana.
  • -2014 Propaganda, Prognostication and Planets. Divination, Politics and Ancient Near Eastern Empires, A. Lenzi, J. Stökl (ed.), Society of Biblical Literature, Atlanta: 7–32.
  • Corrente, P. 2024 Gods and Power in Mesopotamia: Nergal. Revue Des Sciences Religieuses 9/64: 339–357.
  • Dilek, Y. 2019 Eskiçağ Mezopotamya Dini Ritüelleri ve Kullanılan Objeler. Selçuk Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Yayımlanmış Doktora Tezi, Konya.
  • Duman, H. 2024 MUL.APİN: İçeriği, Amacı ve Kehanetler. Oannes, 6/1: 47–63.
  • Espak, P. 2006 Ancient Near Eastern Gods Enki and Ea: Diachronical Analysis of Texts and Images From the Earliest Sources to the Neo-Sumerian Period. Tartu University, Ancient Near Eastern Studies, Faculty of Theology, Unpublished Master Thesis, Tartu.
There are 14 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Ancient History (Other)
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Harun Duman 0000-0002-9477-8248

Submission Date March 17, 2025
Acceptance Date September 8, 2025
Publication Date December 30, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Issue: 24

Cite

EndNote Duman H (December 1, 2025) Çivi Yazılı Tabletlere Göre Antik Mezopotamya’da Gezegen-Tanrı/Tanrıça İlişkisi ve Kehanetler: İnanna/İštar Örneği. Colloquium Anatolicum 24 157–181.