The Anatolian Urban Model: Its Origin and Evolution 5200-2200 BC

Alev Erarslan

TR EN

Abstract

Anadolu Kent Modeli: Kökeni ve Gelişimi M.Ö. 5200-2200

Abstract

M.Ö.3.binyılın 2. yarısı genel olarak Anadolu’da gerçek anlamda kentlerin ortaya çıkış süreci olarak kabul edilmekle birlikte bu dönemde Anadolu genelinde standart, özgün ve kültürel bütünlüğe sahip bir yerleşim düzeni veya kent modelinden bahsetmenin olanaksız olduğu düşünülmektedir. Ancak sanılanın aksine İlk Tunç Çağı’nda tüm Anadolu genelinde kentsel planlamada ortak mekânsal unsurları içeren standart ve geleneksel bir yerleşme düzeni vardır. Manfred Korfmann bunu ilk kez fark eden ve “Anadolu Yerleşim Planı” Anatolisches Siedlungsschema olarak adlandıran araştırmacıdır. Bu yazıda Anadolu Yerleşim Planı –kent modeli- olarak adlandırılan plan şemasının kökleri ve geçirdiği mekânsal evrim süreci irdelenmeye çalışılacaktır.

The Anatolian Urban Model: Its Origin and Evolution 5200-2200 BC

Abstract

While the second half of the third millennium BC is generally accepted as the period in which cities began to emerge in Anatolia, it has been thought that there is no single process of urbanisation in the region. Contrary to the general belief, however, there was a common tradition of urbanisation in Anatolia throughout the Early Bronze Age. Manfred Korfmann was the first scholar to recognize this settlement pattern, naming it “Anatolisches Siedlungsschema” Korfmann 1983: 222-229 . This article is an attempt to analyze the roots and evolutionary stages of this Anatolian settlement pattern, or urban model.

Keywords

Anatolia, Early Bronze Age, Settlement Pattern, Urban Model

References

Bintliff, J. L. 2002 “Rethinking Early Mediterranean Urbanism”, R. Aslan et al. (eds.), Festschrift für Manfred Korfmann, Mauerschau Band 1, RemshaldenGrunbach: 153-177.
Caneva, I. 2003 “Of Roads, Terraces and Watergates at Mersin XVI”, M. Özdoğan et al. (eds.), From Villages to Cities. Early Villages in the Near East. Studies Presented to Ufuk Esin 1, Istanbul: 429-435.
2004 “The Citadel Tradition”, I. Caneva et al. (eds.), Mersin-Yumuktepe, a Reappraisal, Lecce: 57-72.
Çevik, Ö. 2005 “The Change of Settlement Patterns in Lake Van Basin: Ecological Constrains Caused by Highland Landscapes, Altorientalische Forschungen XXXII/1: 74-96.
Duru, R. 2001 “Bademağacı Kazıları 1997 ve 1998 Yılları Çalışma Raporu”, Belleten LXIV/LXIV: 187-212.
2003 “Bademağacı Kazıları 2000 ve 2001 Yılları Çalışma Raporu”, Belleten LXVI/LXV: 549-94.
2004 “Bademağacı Kazıları 2002 ve 2003 Yılları Çalışma Raporu”, Belleten LXVIII/252: 519-560.
Efe, T. 2001 “Küllüoba 1999 Kazısı”, Kazı Sonuçları Toplantısı XXII/I: 105-118.
2002 “The Interaction Between Cultural/Political Entities and Metalworking in Western Anatolia during the Chalcolithic and Early Bronze Ages”, Ü. Yalçın et al. (eds.), Anatolian Metals II (Der Anschnitt 15), Bochum: 49-65.
2003 “Küllüoba and the Initial Stages of Urbanism in Western Anatolia”, M. Özdoğan et al. (eds.), From Villages to Cities. Early Villages in the Near East. Studies Presented to Ufuk Esin 2, Istanbul: 265-282.

2003a “Batı Anadolu. Son Kalkolitik ve İlk Tunç Çağı”, Arkeo Atlas 2: 94-129.
2004 “Kültür Gruplarından Krallıklara: Batı Anadolu’nun Tarihöncesi Kültürel ve Siyasal Gelişim Profili”, Colloquium Anatolicum III: 15-29.
2006 „Anatolische Wurzeln–Troia und die frühe Bronzezeit im Westen Kleinasiens“, M. Korfmann (ed.), Troia. Archäologie eines Siedlungshügels und seiner Landschaft, Mainz: 15-28.
2007 “Küllüoba Kazıları ve Anadolu Tarihöncesi Araştırmalarına Katkısı”, G. Umurtak et al. (eds.), Studies in Honour of Refik Duru, Istanbul: 103-114.
Efe, T. – D. Ay-Efe 2001 “Küllüoba: İç Kuzeybatı Anadolu’da Bir İlk Tunç Çağı Kenti. 1996-2000 Yılları Arasında Yapılan Kazı Çalışmalarının Genel Değerlendirmesi”, TÜBA-AR IV: 43-78.
Erarslan, A. 2004 The Initial Stages of the Urbanization Process of Eastern and Southeastern Anatolia (5500-1900 BC), Unpublished PhD Dissertation, İstanbul Technical University, Istanbul.
2006 “Local Steps towards Urbanism in Eastern and Southeastern Anatolia”, Anatolic XXXII: 55-70.
Erkanal, H. 1996 “Early Bronze Age Urbanisation in the Coastal Region of Western Anatolia”, Y. Sey (ed.), Housing and Settlement in Anatolia. A Historical Perspective (HABİTAT II Conference), Istanbul: 70-82.
1999 “Early Bronze Age Fortification Systems in the Izmir Region”, P.P. Betancourt et al. (eds.), MELETEMATA. Studies in Aegean Archaeology Presented to Malcolm H. Wiener as he enters his 65th year, Aegaeum 20: 237-242.
2002 “Liman Tepe Kazıları”, İzmir Kent Kültürü Dergisi 5: 221-227.
2003 “Bakla Tepe”, Arkeo Atlas 2: 123.
2003a “Liman Tepe”, Arkeo Atlas 2: 127.
Erkanal, H. – S. Günel 1996 “1995 Yılı Liman Tepe Kazıları”, Kazı Sonuçları Toplantısı XVIII/I: 231-260.
Erkanal, H. – T. Özkan 1999 “Bakla Tepe Kazıları”, Özkan et al. (eds), Tahtalı Dam Area Salvage Project, Izmir: 12-41.
Garstang, J. 1953 Prehistoric Mersin: Yümük Tepe in Southern Turkey, Oxford.
Harmankaya, S. – B. Erdoğu 2002 Türkiye Arkeolojik Yerleşmeleri 4a, İlk Tunç Çağı, Istanbul.
Jablonka, P. 2001 “Şehrin Tahta Surları. Troia II Aşağı Şehrinin Savunması”, Troia. Düş ve Gerçek, Istanbul: 391-394.
Jablonka, P. – B. Rose 2004 “Late Bronze Age Troy: a Response to Frank Kolb”, American Journal of Archaeology 108: 615-640.
Korfmann, M. 1983 Demircihüyük: Die Ergebnisse der Ausgrabungen 1975-1978. Architecture, Stratigraphie und Befunde 1, Mainz am Rhein.
1989 „Ausgrabungen am Beşik-Tepe, 1982-87“, K. Emre et al. (eds), Anatolia and the Ancient Near East Studies in Honor of Tahsin Özgüç, Ankara: 271-278.
1993 „Troia-Ausgrabungen 1992“, M. Korfmann (ed.), Studia Troica 3: 1-37.
1997 “The Citadel and Lower City of Troia at Dardanelles”, Y. Sey (ed.), Housing and Settlement in Anatolia. A Historical Perspective (HABİTAT II Conference), Istanbul: 83-98.
1997a “Troia”, Eczacıbaşı Sanat Ansiklopedisi 3: 1819-1821.
2001 “Tarih Öncesi Yerleşim Yeri, Hisarlık Tepesi”, Troia. Düş ve Gerçek, Istanbul: 347-355.
2001a “M.Ö. 2. ve 3. Binyılda Ticaretin Kesişme Noktası: Yüksek Troia Kültürü ve Kıyısal Troia Kültürü ile İlgili Bilgiler”, Troia. Düş ve Gerçek, Istanbul: 355-368.
2003 “Demircihöyük”, Arkeo Atlas 2: 111-113.
Mellaart, J. 1959 “Notes on the Architectural Remains of Troy I and II”, Anatolian Studies 9: 131-162.
1970 Excavations at Hacılar II, Edinburg.
Mellink, M. J. 1998 “Anatolia and the Bridge from East to West in the Early Bronze Age”, TÜBA-AR I: 1-8.
1989 “Anatolian and Foreign Relations of Tarsus in the Early Bronze Age”, K. Emre et al. (eds.), Anatolia and the Ancient Near East. Studies in Honor of Tahsin Özgüç, Ankara: 319-331.
Naumann, R. 1998 Eski Anadolu Mimarlığı, Ankara.
Ünlüsoy, S. 2006 „Vom Reihenhaus zum Megaron—Troia I bis Troia III“, M. Korfmann (ed.), Troia.Archäologie eines Siedlungshügels und seiner Landschaft, Mainz: 133-144.
Şahoğlu, V. 2005 “The Anatolian Trade Network and Izmir Region during the Early Bronze Age”, Oxford Journal of Archaeology 24 (4): 339-361.
Özdoğan, M. 1999 “Anadolu’dan Avrupa’ya Açılan Kapı: Trakya”, Arkeoloji ve Sanat 21: 23-28.
2000 “An Overview from Anatolia and Prospects for Future Research”, C. Marro et al. (eds), Chronologies des Pays de Caucase et de I’Euphrate aux Ive et III millènaires. Varia Anatolia XI, Paris: 497-501.
2002 “The Bronze Age in Thrace in Relation to the Emergence of Complex Societies in Anatolia and in the Aegean”, Ü. Yalçın (ed.), Anatolian Metals II (Der Anschnitt 15), Bochum: 67-76.
2002a “Kırklareli Kazıları: Aşağı Pınar ve Kanlıgeçit”, O. Belli (ed.), Türkiye Arkeolojisi ve Istanbul Üniversitesi, Istanbul: 69-76.
2006 “Yakın Doğu Kentleri ve Batı Anadolu’da Kentleşme Süreci”, A. ÖktüErkanal et al. (eds.), Cultural Reflections. Studies in Honor of Hayat Erkanal, Ankara: 571-578.
Özdoğan, M. – H. Parzinger 2000 “Aşağı Pınar and Kanlıgeçit Excavations: Some New Evidence on Early Metallurgy from Eastern Thrace”, Ü. Yalçın (ed.), Anatolian Metals I (Der Anschnitt 113), Bochum: 83-91.
Sevin, V. – E. Kavaklı – A. Özfırat 2000 “Van Karagündüz Kazıları 1997 Yılı Çalışmaları”, Belleten 63: 847-881.
Sevin, V. – A. Özfırat 2002 “Van-Karagündüz Kazıları”, O. Belli (ed.), Türkiye Arkeolojisi ve İstanbul Üniversitesi (1932-1999), Istanbul: 168-174.
Topbaş, A. – T. Efe – A. İlaslı 1998 “Salvage Excavations of the Afyon Archaeological Museum, Part 2: the Settlement of Karaoğlan Mevkii and the Early Bronze Age Cemetery of Kaklık Mevkii”, Anatolia Antiqua 6: 21-94.
Yakar, J. 1984 The Later Prehistory of Anatolia. The Late Chalcolithic and Early Bronze Age, Oxford.
1998 “Environmental Factors Affecting Urbanisation in Bronze Age Anatolia”, J.G. Westenholz (ed.), Capital Cities. Urban Planning and Spiritual Dimensions, Jerusalem: 99-109.
1999 “The Socio-Economic Significance of Regional Settlement Pattern in Early Bronze Age Anatolia-an Archaeological Assessment”, International Symposium on Settlement and Housing in Anatolia through the Ages, Istanbul: 505-511.

Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Archaeological Science

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Alev Erarslan This is me

Publication Date

June 1, 2008

Submission Date

March 15, 2008

Acceptance Date

June 1, 2008

Published in Issue

Year 2008 Number: 7

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA76XE88BK

APA

Erarslan, A. (2008). The Anatolian Urban Model: Its Origin and Evolution 5200-2200 BC. Colloquium Anatolicum, 7, 177-195. https://izlik.org/JA76XE88BK

AMA

1.Erarslan A. The Anatolian Urban Model: Its Origin and Evolution 5200-2200 BC. Colloquium Anatolicum. 2008;(7):177-195. https://izlik.org/JA76XE88BK

Chicago

Erarslan, Alev. 2008. “The Anatolian Urban Model: Its Origin and Evolution 5200-2200 BC”. Colloquium Anatolicum, nos. 7: 177-95. https://izlik.org/JA76XE88BK.

EndNote

Erarslan A (June 1, 2008) The Anatolian Urban Model: Its Origin and Evolution 5200-2200 BC. Colloquium Anatolicum 7 177–195.

IEEE

[1]A. Erarslan, “The Anatolian Urban Model: Its Origin and Evolution 5200-2200 BC”, Colloquium Anatolicum, no. 7, pp. 177–195, June 2008, [Online]. Available: https://izlik.org/JA76XE88BK

ISNAD

Erarslan, Alev. “The Anatolian Urban Model: Its Origin and Evolution 5200-2200 BC”. Colloquium Anatolicum. 7 (June 1, 2008): 177-195. https://izlik.org/JA76XE88BK.

JAMA

1.Erarslan A. The Anatolian Urban Model: Its Origin and Evolution 5200-2200 BC. Colloquium Anatolicum. 2008;:177–195.

MLA

Erarslan, Alev. “The Anatolian Urban Model: Its Origin and Evolution 5200-2200 BC”. Colloquium Anatolicum, no. 7, June 2008, pp. 177-95, https://izlik.org/JA76XE88BK.

Vancouver

1.Alev Erarslan. The Anatolian Urban Model: Its Origin and Evolution 5200-2200 BC. Colloquium Anatolicum [Internet]. 2008 Jun. 1;(7):177-95. Available from: https://izlik.org/JA76XE88BK

Lisanslar – Creative Commons Türkiye . File:Open Access PLoS.svg - Wikipedia

All articles published in Colloquium Anatolicum are licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0), unless otherwise stated.

This license permits users to copy, distribute, and reuse the material, provided that appropriate credit is given, but does not allow commercial use.

Authors retain the copyright of their work and grant the journal the right of first publication. Published content may be shared and reused by third parties with proper attribution.

For more information about the license, please visit:
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/

Abstract

Abstract

Anadolu Kent Modeli: Kökeni ve Gelişimi M.Ö. 5200-2200

Abstract

The Anatolian Urban Model: Its Origin and Evolution 5200-2200 BC

Abstract

Keywords

References

Details

Primary Language

Subjects

Journal Section

Authors

Publication Date

Submission Date

Acceptance Date

Published in Issue

IZ

Cite