Research Article

Van Kalesi / Tuşpa Horhor Çeşmesi

Number: 14 June 1, 2015
Erkan Konyar , Bülent Genç , Can Avcı , Rıza Gürler Akgün , Armağan Tan
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Van Kalesi / Tuşpa Horhor Çeşmesi

Abstract

New archaeological excavations initiated in 2010 at Tuspa, the capital of the Urartian Kingdom, have revealed new results regarding the Urartian hydraulic architecture. One of the rectangular niches at “Horhor Suyu”, located to the northwest of Old City of Van, seemed to have some architectural peculiarities together with a flight of rock steps connecting to the citadel in the north. The excavations started here, in the AR25 grid of Area G, revealed that this feature is indeed a fountain. It is possible that the Horhor Gardens and Fountain mentioned by the 17th century traveler Evliya Çelebi in his Seyahatname actually refers to this structure. It was cut from the bedrock and the in situ finds demonstrate that it was used in the Middle Ages. Some features suggest a Urartian date. The term tarmani or tarmanili in the Urartian inscriptions is believed to denote “fountain” in the Urartian language. The Ejderha Bulağı fountain at Ain-e Rum in Iran has an inscription of Menua that preserves the term. The fountain at Tuspa does not a similar inscription though the its rock surface could easily be destroyed. The rock steps adjacent to the fountain reflects Urartian architectural tradition. We are yet to confirm that the “fountain of Menua” mentioned in the inscription in the north of the Van Fortress actually points to the fountain, though it is important in informing us about the existence of these type of structures at Tuspa. The fountain at Tuspa, with the Iranian counterpart, is an unique example that will contribute to our understanding of Urartian aquatic architecture.

Keywords

Van, Tuspa, Horhor Fountain, Menua, Urartu

References

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APA
Konyar, E., Genç, B., Avcı, C., Akgün, R. G., & Tan, A. (2015). Van Kalesi / Tuşpa Horhor Çeşmesi. Colloquium Anatolicum, 14, 66-75. https://izlik.org/JA94XA74TB
AMA
1.Konyar E, Genç B, Avcı C, Akgün RG, Tan A. Van Kalesi / Tuşpa Horhor Çeşmesi. Colloquium Anatolicum. 2015;(14):66-75. https://izlik.org/JA94XA74TB
Chicago
Konyar, Erkan, Bülent Genç, Can Avcı, Rıza Gürler Akgün, and Armağan Tan. 2015. “Van Kalesi Tuşpa Horhor Çeşmesi”. Colloquium Anatolicum, nos. 14: 66-75. https://izlik.org/JA94XA74TB.
EndNote
Konyar E, Genç B, Avcı C, Akgün RG, Tan A (June 1, 2015) Van Kalesi / Tuşpa Horhor Çeşmesi. Colloquium Anatolicum 14 66–75.
IEEE
[1]E. Konyar, B. Genç, C. Avcı, R. G. Akgün, and A. Tan, “Van Kalesi / Tuşpa Horhor Çeşmesi”, Colloquium Anatolicum, no. 14, pp. 66–75, June 2015, [Online]. Available: https://izlik.org/JA94XA74TB
ISNAD
Konyar, Erkan - Genç, Bülent - Avcı, Can - Akgün, Rıza Gürler - Tan, Armağan. “Van Kalesi Tuşpa Horhor Çeşmesi”. Colloquium Anatolicum. 14 (June 1, 2015): 66-75. https://izlik.org/JA94XA74TB.
JAMA
1.Konyar E, Genç B, Avcı C, Akgün RG, Tan A. Van Kalesi / Tuşpa Horhor Çeşmesi. Colloquium Anatolicum. 2015;:66–75.
MLA
Konyar, Erkan, et al. “Van Kalesi Tuşpa Horhor Çeşmesi”. Colloquium Anatolicum, no. 14, June 2015, pp. 66-75, https://izlik.org/JA94XA74TB.
Vancouver
1.Erkan Konyar, Bülent Genç, Can Avcı, Rıza Gürler Akgün, Armağan Tan. Van Kalesi / Tuşpa Horhor Çeşmesi. Colloquium Anatolicum [Internet]. 2015 Jun. 1;(14):66-75. Available from: https://izlik.org/JA94XA74TB