Chemical Composition, In Vitro Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities of Marine Macroalgae Codium fragile (Suringar) Hariot

Abstract

Marine algae, which are the primary producers living in aquatic areas, are the subject of many studies due to their importance as they are eukaryotic and eutrophic organisms that play a crucial role in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, food, fuel, and textile industries. Macroalgae are known in producing several macronutrients, micronutrients, and other important biologically active compounds (e.g. polyphenols, enzymes, and antibiotics) with potential pharmacological uses. In this research, we aimed to investigate the chemical composition, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities (with three assays), total phenolic (TPC) and flavonoid (TFC) contents of the methanol, ethanol, acetone, and water extracts of Codium fragile (Suringar) Hariot. The LC-ESI-MS/MS assessment allowed the identification of seven compounds containing gallic acid, 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, 4-hidroxybenzoic acid, p-coumaric acid, salicylic acid, biochanin A, and diosgenin. TPC and TFC of the extracts were calculated as in the range of 10.34±0.13-64.67±0.02 µg GAEs/mg extract and 12.73±2.68-36.78±1.08 µg QEs/mg extract, respectively. All extracts of C. fragile showed antimicrobial activity against all test pathogens at different levels. The methanol, ethanol, and acetone extracts showed different levels of activity against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria (MIC: 3.125-1.562 mg/mL). The water extract showed the highest activity in ABTS•+ (70.43±14.85%) and DPPH• (72.61±11.44%) assays while the acetone extract exhibited the best activity in CUPRAC (absorbance: 0.60±0.15) assay. The results we obtained approved that C. fragile could be valued as a natural source of bioactive agents for food preservatives and in other industrial and pharmaceutical fields.

Keywords

• LC-ESI-MS/MS
• algae
• total phenolic content
• total flavonoid content
• minimum inhibition concentration

Deniz Makroalgi Codium fragile (Suringar) Hariot ’in Kimyasal Bileşimi, In-Vitro Antimikrobiyal ve Antioksidan Aktivitelerinin Analizi

Abstract

Sucul alanlarda yaşayan birincil üreticiler olan deniz algleri, önemleri nedeniyle birçok araştırmaya konu olmakla birlikte ilaç, kozmetik, gıda, yakıt ve tekstil endüstrilerinde önemli rol oynayan ökaryotik ve ötrofik organizmalardır. Makroalgler, potansiyel farmakolojik kullanımları olan birkaç makro besin, mikro besin ve diğer önemli biyolojik olarak aktif bileşikler (örneğin polifenoller, enzimler ve antibiyotikler) üretmesiyle bilinmektedir. Bu araştırmada, Codium fragile (Suringar) Hariot 1889’un metanol, etanol, aseton ve su ekstrelerinin kimyasal bileşimi, antimikrobiyal ve antioksidan aktiviteleri (3 yöntem ile), toplam fenolik (TPC) ve flavonoid (TFC) içeriklerini araştırmayı amaçlandı. LC-ESI-MS/MS analizleri gallik asit, 4-hidroksibenzaldehit, 4-hidroksibenzoik asit, p-kumarik asit, salisilik asit, biokanin A ve diosgenin içeren yedi bileşiğin tanımlanmasına izin verdi. Ekstrelerin TPC ve TFC değerleri sırasıyla 10,34±0,13-64,67±0,02 µg GAEs/mg ekstre ve 12,73±2,68-36,78±1,08 µg QEs/mg ekstre olarak hesaplandı. Metanol, etanol ve aseton ekstreleri gram negatif ve gram pozitif bakterilere karşı farklı seviyelerde aktivite göstermiştir (MİK: 3.125-1.562 mg/mL). Su ekstresi ABTS•+ (%70,43±14,85) ve DPPH• (%72,61±11,44) testlerine en yüksek aktiviteyi gösterirken, aseton ekstresi CUPRAC (absorbans: 0,60±0,15) testinde en yüksek aktiviteyi gösterdi. Elde ettiğimiz sonuçlar, C. fragile'in gıda koruyucuları ve diğer endüstriyel ve farmasötik alanlarda doğal bir biyoaktif madde kaynağı olarak değerlendirilebileceğini onaylamaktadır.

Keywords

• LC-ESI-MS/MS
• alg
• toplam fenolik miktarı
• toplam flavonoid miktarı
• minimum inhibisyon konsantrasyonu

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