Entomopatojenik Mantarlar ve Depo Zararlilarinin Sürdürülebilir Biyolojik Kontrolündeki Potansiyel Rolleri

Abstract

Depolanan ürünlerde kalitatif ve kantitatif kayıplara neden olan zararlıların kontrolünde fiziksel veya biyolojik mücadele uygulamaları yerine çoğunlukla kimyasal mücadele yöntemleri tercih edilmektedir. Pestisit kullanımına karşı artan tüketici tepkisi ve birçok pestisite karşı böceklerin direnci bu durumu tersine çevirmiş ve biyolojik mücadeleye olan ilgi artmıştır. Entomopatojenik mantarlar (EPF), sentetik pestisitlerden daha güvenli biyolojik kontrol ajanlarıdır. EPF, birçok böcek ve akar türünün doğal regülasyonunda önemli roller oynar. Entomopatojenik mantarlarla Sürdürülebilir Biyolojik Kontrol, depolama zararlılarının kontrolüne önemli bir katkı sağlayabilir. Depolama zararlıları etkileşimleri entomopatojenik mantarlarla karmaşık olduğunda, hem olumlu hem de olumsuz etkiler görülebilir. EPF konak kütikülünü bozar ve hemolenfte hif olarak çoğalarak konak böceklerin ölümünden sorumlu toksinleri salgılar. Saprofitik büyüme ile, diğer konakları yeniden enfekte edebilen mantar sporlarının üretimine yol açar. Başarılı bir enfeksiyon için mantarın konağın savunma sistemi üzerinde etkili olması gerekir. Biyolojik kontrol programlarında miko-böcek öldürücülerin optimum koşullarını belirlemek için EPF, konak böcekler, ekinler ve bunların çevreleri arasındaki etkileşimi anlamak için özel araştırmalar gereklidir. Bu inceleme, EPF'ye, konakçı savunma mekanizmasına, patojenitesine, enfeksiyon oluşumuna, kullanım potansiyeline ve beklentilerine genel bir bakış içerir. Bu derlemede ayrıca EPF kullanımının sürdürülebilir tarım uygulamalarında biyolojik mücadeleye katkısı ayrıntılı olarak incelenmiştir.

Keywords

• Depo zararlıları
• Fungal patojenite
• konak savunma mekanizması
• sürdürülebilir tarım
• miko-insektisit

Entomopathogenic Fungi and their Potential Role in the Sustainable Biological Control of Storage Pests

Abstract

Chemical control methods are mostly preferred in the control of pests that cause qualitative and quantitative losses in stored products instead of physical or biological control applications. The increasing consumer response to pesticide use and the insect resistance to many pesticides have reversed this situation and interest in biological control has increased. Entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) are biological control agents that are safer than synthetic pesticides. EPF play major roles in the natural regulation of many insect and mite species. Sustainable Biological Control with EPF could make a substantial contribution to the control of storage pests. When storage pests’ interactions are complex with EPF, we can notice both positive and negative impacts. EPF disrupts the host cuticle and proliferates as hyphae in the hemolymph, secreting toxins responsible for the death of host insects. Subsequent saprophytic growth leads to the production of fungal spores that can reinfect other hosts. For a successful infection, the fungus must be effective on the host's defense system. In order to determine the optimum conditions of myco-insecticides in biological control programs, specific research is required to understand the interaction between EPF, host insects, crops, and their environment. This review includes an overview of EPF, its host defense mechanism, pathogenicity, infection occurrence, the potential for use, and prospects. Furthermore, this review extensively investigates the contribution of EPF to biological control in sustainable agricultural practices.

Keywords

• Storage pests
• Fungal pathogenicity
• host defense mechanism
• sustainable agriculture
• myco-insecticide

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