Mikroplastik ve Bakır Uygulamalarının Domates ve Karalahanada Yaprak Sayısı, Gövde ve Kök Çapı Üzerine Etkileri

Abstract

Sulama suyu, gübreler, pestisitler, araçlar ve örtü materyali uygulamaları gibi tarımsal işlemlerden kaynaklanan mikroplastikler ve ağır metaller, tarımsal ekosistemlerde önemli kirleticilerdir. Zararlı etkileri organizmaların ve ekosistemlerin sağlığı için tehdit oluşturmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, mikroplastik ve bakır uygulamalarının domates (Lycopersicum esculentum L.) ve lahana (Brassica oleraceae L. var. acephala DC.) bitkilerinde yaprak sayısı gövde vekök çapı üzerindeki etkilerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Mikroplastikler, örtü malzemesi olarak kullanılan tarımsal malçın makas kullanılarak küçük parçalara (2.5 mm-4 mm) kesilmesiyle elde edilmiştir. %0, %0.5, %1.5 ve %2.5 mikroplastik ile 100 ppm ve 500 ppm konsantrasyonlarında bakır sülfat (CuSO₄) kullanılarak on iki deney seti oluşturulmuştur. Domates ve lahana bitkilerinin yaprak sayısı ve gövde/kök çapları ölçülmüştür. Bulgular, mikroplastik ve bakır (Cu) uygulamalarının domates ve lahana bitkilerinde gövde çapı ve kök çapı üzerinde önemli bir değişikliğe neden olmadığını göstermiştir. Bununla birlikte, yaprak sayısı mikroplastik ve bakır (Cu) uygulamalarına bağlı olarak lahana bitkisinde önemli ölçüde değişirken, domates bitkisinde önemli bir değişim olmamıştır. Lahana bitkisinde en fazla yaprak kontrol grubunda, en az yaprak 500 ppm CuSO₄ + %0.5 mikroplastik uygulanan deney setinde tespit edilmiştir. Mikroplastik ve Cu ayrı ayrı ve birlikte uygulandığında elde edilen bulgular farklılık göstermiştir. Sonuçlar, mikroplastik ve ağır metallerin bitkiler üzerindeki etkilerini farklı koşullarda araştıracak kapsamlı çalışmalara gereksinim olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır.

Keywords

• Brassica oleraceae L. var. acephala DC
• mahsul
• Lycopersicum esculentum L.
• kirlilik
• toprak

The Effects of Microplastic and Copper Treatments on the Number of Leaves, Stem, and Root Diameters in Tomato and Kale

Abstract

Microplastics and heavy metals, which originated from irrigation water, fertilizers, pesticides, vehicles, and agricultural processes such as cover material treatments, are significant pollutants in agricultural ecosystems. Their harmful effects pose a threat to the health of organisms and ecosystems. This study aimed to determine the effects of microplastic and copper treatments on the number of leaves stem and root diameter in tomato Lycopersicum esculentum L.) and kale (Brassica oleraceae L. var. acephala DC.) plants. Microplastics were obtained by cutting agricultural mulch, used as a cover material, into small pieces (2.5 mm-4 mm) using scissors. Twelve experimental sets were created using microplastic concentrations of 0%, 0.5%, 1.5%, and 2.5%, along with copper sulphate (CuSO₄) at concentrations of 100 ppm and 500 ppm. The number of leaves, the stem and root diameters of the plants were measured. While the number of leaves, stem and root diameters in tomato plants, as well as the stem and root diameters in kale plants, did not significantly vary with microplastic and copper (Cu) treatments, significant differences were observed in the number of leaves in kale plants. The maximum and minimum leaf numbers were observed in the control group and the experimental set where 500 ppm CuSO₄ + 0.5% microplastic was applied, respectively. Different results emerged when microplastics and Cu were applied separately and together. These findings highlight the need for future studies that explore the long-term effects of microplastics and heavy metals on various plant species under different environmental conditions and using multiple physiological and biochemical parameters.

Keywords

• Brassica oleraceae L. var. acephala DC
• crop
• Lycopersicum esculentum L.
• pollution
• soil

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