Genetiği Değiştirilmiş Organizmalar ve Ürünlerinin Türkiye Piyasasındaki Durumuna Bir Bakış ve Gıda Güvenliği Düzenlenmelerinin Adli Bilimler Açısından Değerlendirilmesi

Abstract

Genetiği değiştirilmiş (GD) bitki üretim ve ekiminin artması, genetiği değiştirilmiş organizmaların (GDO) gıda ve yem pazarında yaygın ticareti ve kullanımı gıda güvenliği konusunda tüketiciler tarafından sorgulanmaktadır. GDO’lar halk sağlığı, çevre ve finans alanlarında çeşitli davaların konusu olmuştur. Türkiye, pek çok ülke gibi GDO’lar ve ürünlerine dair hukuki düzenlemelere ve ciddi yaptırımlara sahiptir. Bu sebeple adli bilimler açısından pek çok açıdan önemli bir konu olmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı riskli ürün gruplarında GDO analizleri yaparak şu anki durumu araştırmaktır. Riskli ürün grupları olarak bilinen mısır ve soya içeriği barındıran ürünler İstanbuldaki marketlerden temin edilmiştir. Temmuz-Eylül 2018 tarihleri arasında seçilen 35 adet ürünün, Real-Time PCR yöntemi ile GDO tarama analizi yapılmıştır. İki hayvan yem örneğinde pozitiflik tespit edilmiştir. Bu örneklerde GDO miktarı (35S bölgesinde) %0.1’den düşük olarak tespit edilmiştir. Yasal düzenlemelere göre %0.9’un altında bulunan GDO oranlarının ise önlenemeyecek kontaminasyonlardan kaynaklanabileceği kabul edilmektedir.

Keywords

• Biyoteknoloji
• genetik
• polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu (PCR)
• halk sağlığı

Searching of the Genetically Modified Organisms and Their Products’ Status and Evaluation of Food Safety and Regulations in Turkey in terms of the Forensic Sciences

Abstract

Increased Genetically Modified (GM) plant production and the widespread trade and use of Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) in the food and animal feed markets are questioned about food safety by consumers. GMOs have been the subject of various cases in the areas of public health, environment, and finance. Turkey has also regulations and serious penalties about GMOs and its product-usage so it is also questioned by forensic sciences. The purpose of this study is to investigate the current situation by making GMO analyses in risky product groups. Products containing corn and soy content, known as risky product groups, were obtained from markets in Istanbul. GMO screening analysis of 35 products selected between July-September 2018 was performed by Real-Time PCR method. Positive results were detected in 2 animal feed samples. In these samples, the amount of GMO (35S region) was determined as below 0.1%. According to the legal regulations, GMO below 0.9% rates may result from contamination that cannot be prevented.

Keywords

• biotechnology
• genetics
• polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
• public health

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