Research Article
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Determination of Botanical Origin and Mineral Content of Propolis Samples from Balveren (Şırnak) Beekeepers Accommodation Areas

Year 2022, Volume: 6 Issue: 2, 165 - 171, 31.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.31594/commagene.1178654

Abstract

Researches on bee products have become popular in recent years. In fact, the content and component of bee products varies depending on many ecological and floristic factors and its nutritional and therapeutic properties are directly related to its content. Balveren (Şırnak province) beekeepers place their hives in locations with different geographical structure, floristic and topographic characteristics. This variability not only affects the quality of honey but also changes the properties of propolis. Studies on propolis, known as bee glue, have gained importance in recent years. As with other bee products, the propolis content also depends on the floristic characteristics of the region. In this study, propolis samples were collected from the regions where Balveren beekeepers stayed and their botanical origins, wax ratios, phenolic content, and mineral substance contents were analyzed. In the microscopic analysis, pollen grains belonging to 14 different families used by bees were determined. It was determined that the total phenolic and mineral contents of propolis vary completely depending on the location. With this study, the propolis properties of the hives in the region were tried to be revealed and it was aimed that this study would help the region's propolis to be used for technological and therapeutic purposes.

Supporting Institution

Siirt Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırmalar Projeler Başkanlığı

Project Number

2020-SİÜFED-035

Thanks

This study was supported by University of Siirt Scientific Research Project Coordination (Project Number 2020-SİÜFED-035).

References

  • Abdullah, N.A., Ja'afar, F., Yasin, H.M., Taha, H., Petalcorin, M.I., Mamit, M.H., ..., & Usman, A. (2019). Physicochemical analyses, antioxidant, antibacterial, and toxicity of propolis particles produced by stingless bee Heterotrigona itama found in Brunei Darussalam. Heliyon, 5(9), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02476
  • Aliyazıcıoglu, R., Sahin, H., Erturk, O., Ulusoy, E., & Kolayli, S. (2013). Properties of phenolic composition and biological activity of propolis from Turkey. International Journal of Food Properties, 16(2), 277-287. https://doi.org/10.1080/10942912.2010.551312
  • Anjum, S.I., Ullah, A., Khan, K.A., Attaullah, M., Khan, H., Ali, H., ..., & Dash, C.K. (2019). Composition and functional properties of propolis (bee glue): a review. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 26(7), 1695-1703. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2018.08.013
  • Bagatir, G., Kaya, M., Suer, I., Cefle, K., Palanduz, A., Palanduz, S., Becerir, H. B., Koçyigit, M., & Ozturk, S. (2022). The effect of Anzer honey on X-ray induced genotoxicity in human lymphocytes: An in vitro study. Microscopy Research and Technique, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1002/jemt.24081
  • Bankova, V., Pappaova M., & Trusheva B. (2014). Propolis volatile compounds: Chemical diversity and biological activity: a review. Chemistry Central Journal, 8, 28. https://doi.org/10.1186/1752-153X-8-28
  • Bankova, V., Trusheva, B., & Popova, M. (2021). Propolis extraction methods: a review. Journal of Apicultural Research, 60(5), 734-743. https://doi.org/10.1080/00218839.2021.1901426
  • Bonvehí, J.S., & Gutiérrez, A.L. (2011). Antioxidant activity and total phenolics of propolis from the Basque Country (Northeastern Spain). Journal of the American oil chemists' society, 88(9), 1387-1395. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11746-011-1792-1
  • Bonvehí, J.S., & Gutiérrez, A.L. (2011). Antioxidant activity and total phenolics of propolis from the Basque Country (Northeastern Spain). Journal of the American oil chemists' society, 88(9), 1387-1395. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11746-011-1792-1
  • Bonvehí, J.S., & Coll, F.V. (1994). Phenolic composition of propolis from China and from South America. Zeitschrift für Naturforschung c, 49(11-12), 712-718. https://doi.org/10.1515/znc-1994-11-1204
  • Borrelli, F., Maffia, P., Pinto, L., Ianaro, A., Russo, A., Capasso, F., & Ialenti, A. (2002). Phytochemical compounds involved in the anti-inflammatory effect of propolis extract. Fitoterapia, 73, S53-S63. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0367-326X(02)00191-0
  • Crane, E. (1999). History of other products from bees In: Crane, B. (ed) The world history of beekeeping and honey hunting, Routledge; New York; 545-553.
  • Cunha, I.B.S., Sawaya, A.C.H.F., Caetano, F.M., Shimizu, M.T., Marcucci, M.C., Drezza, F.T., Povia, G.S., & Carvalho, P. (2004). Factors that influence the yield and composition of Brazilian propolis extracts. Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society, 15(6), 964-970.
  • Davis, P.H. (1971). Distribution patterns in Anatolia with particular reference to endemism. In Davis, P.H., Harper, P.C & Hedge, I.C. (eds) Plant Life of South-West Asia. Botanical Society of Edinburgh, Edinburgh. 15-27.
  • Dias, L.G., Pereira, A.P., & Estevinho, L.M. (2012). Comparative study of different Portuguese samples of propolis: pollinic, sensorial, physicochemical, microbiological characterization and antibacterial activity. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 50(12), 4246-4253. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2012.08.056
  • Formicki, G., Greń, A., Stawarz, R., Zyśk, B., & Gał, A. (2013). Metal content in honey, propolis, wax, and bee pollen and implications for metal pollution monitoring. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 22(1), 99-106.
  • Guzmán-Gutiérrez, S.L., Nieto-Camacho, A., Castillo-Arellano, J.I., Huerta-Salazar, E., Hernández-Pasteur, G., Silva-Miranda, M., ..., & Reyes-Chilpa, R. (2018). Mexican propolis: a source of antioxidants and anti-inflammatory compounds, and isolation of a novel chalcone and ε-caprolactone derivative. Molecules, 23(2), 334. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules23020334
  • Herrera, C.L., Alvear, M., Barrientos, L., Montenegro, G., & Salazar, L.A. (2010). The antifungal effect of six commercial extracts of Chilean propolis on Candida spp. Ciencia e investigación agraria, 37(1), 75-84. http://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-16202010000100007
  • Kabata-Pendias, A. (2011). Trace elements in soils and plants, 4th edn. Boca Rato, CRC Press, 548 pp.
  • Kasote, D.M. (2017). Propolis: a neglected product of value in the Indian beekeeping sector. Bee World, 94(3), 80-83. https://doi.org/10.1080/0005772X.2017.1345223
  • Keskin, M., & Kolaylı, S. (2018). Standardization of propolis, Is it possible. Uludag bee journal, 18(2), 101-110. https://doi.org/10.31467/uluaricilik.485080
  • Kurek-Górecka, A., Rzepecka-Stojko, A., Górecki, M., Stojko, J., Sosada, M., & Świerczek-Zięba, G. (2014). Structure and antioxidant activity of polyphenols derived from propolis. Molecules, 19(1), 78-101. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules19010078
  • Li, F., Awale, S., Tezuka, Y., & Kadota, S. (2008). Cytotoxic constituents from Brazilian red propolis and their structure–activity relationship. Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, 16(10), 5434-5440. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bmc.2008.04.016
  • Maden Çalışkol, M. (2013). Azerbaycan yöresine ait propolis örneklerinin antioksidan özelliklerinin belirlenmesi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi (332135). Retrieved from https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/tezSorguSonucYeni.jsp
  • Negri, G., Marcucci, M.C., Salatino, A., & Salatino, M.L.F. (2000). Comb and propolis waxes from Brazil (states of São Paulo and Paraná). Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society, 11, 453-457.
  • Oršolić, N., & Bašić, I. (2003). Immunomodulation by water-soluble derivative of propolis: a factor of antitumor reactivity. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 84(2-3), 265-273. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(02)00329-X
  • Ota, C., Unterkircher, C., Fantinato, V., & Shimizu, M.T. (2001). Antifungal activity of propolis on different species of Candida. Mycoses, 44(9‐10), 375-378. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0507.2001.00671.x
  • Özaltan, Z., & Koçyiğit, M. (2022). Pollen morphology of some taxa in the family Lamiaceae (Labiatae) from Turkey. EMU Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 5(1), 11-20.
  • Özhatay, N., Kocyigit, M., & Bona, M. (2012). Istanbul’s Honey Plants. Istanbul. Turkey.
  • Perveen, A., & Qaiser, M. (2003). Pollen Morphology of the Family Labiatae from Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 35(5), 671–693.
  • Popova, M.P., Bankova, V.S., Bogdanov, S., Tsvetkova, I., Naydenski, C., Marcazzan, G.L., & Sabatini, A.G. (2007). Chemical characteristics of poplar type propolis of different geographic origin. Apidologie, 38(3), 306-311. https://doi.org/10.1051/apido:2007013
  • Popova, M., Trusheva, B., & Bankova, V. (2017). Content of biologically active compounds in Bulgarian propolis: a basis for its standardization. Bulgarian Chemical Communications, 49(2017), 115-120.
  • Roman, A., Madras-Majewska, B., & Popiela-Pleban, E. (2011). Comparative study of selected toxic elements in propolis and honey. Journal of Apicultural Science, 55(2), 97-106.
  • Saelao, P., Borba, R.S., Ricigliano, V., Spivak, M., & Simone-Finstrom, M. (2020). Honeybee microbiome is stabilized in the presence of propolis. Biology letters, 16(5), 1-5. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2020.0003
  • Sarıkaya, A.O., Ulusoy, E., Öztürk, N., Tuncel, M., & Kolayli, S. (2009). Antioxidant activity and phenolic acid constituents of chestnut (Castania sativa Mill.) honey and propolis. Journal of food biochemistry, 33(4), 470-481. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-4514.2009.00231.x
  • Sawicka, D., Car, H., Borawska, M.H., & Nikliński, J. (2012). The anticancer activity of propolis. Folia Histochemica et Cytobiologica, 50(1), 25-37.
  • Sforcin, J.M., Fernandes J.A., Lopes, C.A.M., Bankova, V., & Funari, S.R.C. (2000). Seasonal effect on Brazilian propolis antibacterial activity. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 73(1-2), 243-249. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(00)00320-2
  • Sforcin, J.M. (2016). Biological properties and the rapeuticapplications of propolis. Phytotherapy Research, 30(6), 894-905. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.5605
  • Simone-Finstrom, M., Borba, R.S., Wilson, M., & Spivak, M. (2017). Propolis counteracts some threats to honey bee health. Insects, 8(2), 46. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects8020046
  • Sobočanec, S., Balog, T., Šariċ, A., Mačak-Šafranko, Ž., Štroser, M., Žarković, K., ..., & Marotti, T. (2011). Antitumor effect of Croatian propolis as a consequence of diverse sex-related dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) protein expression. Phytomedicine, 18(10), 852-858. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2011.01.015
  • Su, L., Yin, J.J., Charles, D., Zhou, K., Moore, J., & Yu, L.L. (2007). Total phenolic contents, chelating capacities, and radical-scavenging properties of black peppercorn, nutmeg, rosehip, cinnamon and oregano leaf. Food chemistry, 100(3), 990-997. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2005.10.058
  • Şenoğlu Fenerci B. (2021). Eskiçağ’da bal. Masrop E-Dergi, 15(1), 62-74.
  • Tylkowski, B., Trusheva, B., Bankova, V., Giamberini, M., Peev, G., & Nikolova, A. (2010). Extraction of biologically active compounds from propolis and concentration of extract by nanofiltration. Journal of Membrane Science, 348(1–2), 124–130. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2009.10.049
  • Yüksel, U., Tegin, I., & Ziyadanogullari, R. (2017). Recovery of copper and cobalt from copper slags as selective. Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering A, 6(8), 388-394.
  • Üreten, H., (2011). Eski Anadolu'da arı ve bal. International journal of history, 3(3), 363-382.

Balveren (Şırnak) Arıcılarının Konaklama Alanlarındaki Propolis Örneklerinin Botanik Kökeni ve Mineral İçeriğinin Belirlenmesi

Year 2022, Volume: 6 Issue: 2, 165 - 171, 31.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.31594/commagene.1178654

Abstract

Arı ürünleri ile ilgili çalışmalar gün geçtikçe artmaktadır. Aslında arı ürünlerinin içeriği, bileşeni; ekolojik ve floristik birçok faktöre bağlı olarak değişkenlik göstermekte, besleyici ve tedavi edici özelliği ise içeriği ile doğrudan ilişkilidir. Balveren beldesi (Şırnak) arıcıları kovanlarını; coğrafik yapısı, floristik ve topografik özellikleri farklı lokasyonlara yerleştirmektedirler. Bu değişkenlik balın kalitesini etkilediği gibi propolis özelliklerini de değiştirmektedir. Kovan yapıştırıcısı olarak bilinen propolis ile ilgili çalışmalar son yıllarda önem kazanmaktadır. Diğer arı ürünlerinde olduğu gibi, propolis içeriği de bölgenin floristik özelliklere bağlıdır. Bu çalışmada Balveren arıcılarının konakladıkları bölgelerden propolis örnekleri toplanmış, botanik orijinleri, mum oranları, fenolik madde içerikleri ve mineral madde miktarları analiz edilmiştir. Yapılan mikroskobik analizlerde arıların kullandığı 14 farklı familyaya ait polen taneleri tespit edilmiştir. Fenolik madde ve mineral madde içeriklerinin ise tamamen propolis örneği alınan lokasyona bağlı olarak değişkenlik gösterdiği tespit edilmiştir. Bu çalışma ile bölgede bulunan kovanların propolis özellikleri ortaya konulmaya çalışılmış ve yapılan çalışmanın bölge propolislerinin teknolojik ve tedavi edici amaçlar ile kullanılmasına yardımcı olması hedeflenmiştir.

Project Number

2020-SİÜFED-035

References

  • Abdullah, N.A., Ja'afar, F., Yasin, H.M., Taha, H., Petalcorin, M.I., Mamit, M.H., ..., & Usman, A. (2019). Physicochemical analyses, antioxidant, antibacterial, and toxicity of propolis particles produced by stingless bee Heterotrigona itama found in Brunei Darussalam. Heliyon, 5(9), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02476
  • Aliyazıcıoglu, R., Sahin, H., Erturk, O., Ulusoy, E., & Kolayli, S. (2013). Properties of phenolic composition and biological activity of propolis from Turkey. International Journal of Food Properties, 16(2), 277-287. https://doi.org/10.1080/10942912.2010.551312
  • Anjum, S.I., Ullah, A., Khan, K.A., Attaullah, M., Khan, H., Ali, H., ..., & Dash, C.K. (2019). Composition and functional properties of propolis (bee glue): a review. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 26(7), 1695-1703. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2018.08.013
  • Bagatir, G., Kaya, M., Suer, I., Cefle, K., Palanduz, A., Palanduz, S., Becerir, H. B., Koçyigit, M., & Ozturk, S. (2022). The effect of Anzer honey on X-ray induced genotoxicity in human lymphocytes: An in vitro study. Microscopy Research and Technique, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1002/jemt.24081
  • Bankova, V., Pappaova M., & Trusheva B. (2014). Propolis volatile compounds: Chemical diversity and biological activity: a review. Chemistry Central Journal, 8, 28. https://doi.org/10.1186/1752-153X-8-28
  • Bankova, V., Trusheva, B., & Popova, M. (2021). Propolis extraction methods: a review. Journal of Apicultural Research, 60(5), 734-743. https://doi.org/10.1080/00218839.2021.1901426
  • Bonvehí, J.S., & Gutiérrez, A.L. (2011). Antioxidant activity and total phenolics of propolis from the Basque Country (Northeastern Spain). Journal of the American oil chemists' society, 88(9), 1387-1395. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11746-011-1792-1
  • Bonvehí, J.S., & Gutiérrez, A.L. (2011). Antioxidant activity and total phenolics of propolis from the Basque Country (Northeastern Spain). Journal of the American oil chemists' society, 88(9), 1387-1395. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11746-011-1792-1
  • Bonvehí, J.S., & Coll, F.V. (1994). Phenolic composition of propolis from China and from South America. Zeitschrift für Naturforschung c, 49(11-12), 712-718. https://doi.org/10.1515/znc-1994-11-1204
  • Borrelli, F., Maffia, P., Pinto, L., Ianaro, A., Russo, A., Capasso, F., & Ialenti, A. (2002). Phytochemical compounds involved in the anti-inflammatory effect of propolis extract. Fitoterapia, 73, S53-S63. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0367-326X(02)00191-0
  • Crane, E. (1999). History of other products from bees In: Crane, B. (ed) The world history of beekeeping and honey hunting, Routledge; New York; 545-553.
  • Cunha, I.B.S., Sawaya, A.C.H.F., Caetano, F.M., Shimizu, M.T., Marcucci, M.C., Drezza, F.T., Povia, G.S., & Carvalho, P. (2004). Factors that influence the yield and composition of Brazilian propolis extracts. Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society, 15(6), 964-970.
  • Davis, P.H. (1971). Distribution patterns in Anatolia with particular reference to endemism. In Davis, P.H., Harper, P.C & Hedge, I.C. (eds) Plant Life of South-West Asia. Botanical Society of Edinburgh, Edinburgh. 15-27.
  • Dias, L.G., Pereira, A.P., & Estevinho, L.M. (2012). Comparative study of different Portuguese samples of propolis: pollinic, sensorial, physicochemical, microbiological characterization and antibacterial activity. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 50(12), 4246-4253. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2012.08.056
  • Formicki, G., Greń, A., Stawarz, R., Zyśk, B., & Gał, A. (2013). Metal content in honey, propolis, wax, and bee pollen and implications for metal pollution monitoring. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 22(1), 99-106.
  • Guzmán-Gutiérrez, S.L., Nieto-Camacho, A., Castillo-Arellano, J.I., Huerta-Salazar, E., Hernández-Pasteur, G., Silva-Miranda, M., ..., & Reyes-Chilpa, R. (2018). Mexican propolis: a source of antioxidants and anti-inflammatory compounds, and isolation of a novel chalcone and ε-caprolactone derivative. Molecules, 23(2), 334. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules23020334
  • Herrera, C.L., Alvear, M., Barrientos, L., Montenegro, G., & Salazar, L.A. (2010). The antifungal effect of six commercial extracts of Chilean propolis on Candida spp. Ciencia e investigación agraria, 37(1), 75-84. http://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-16202010000100007
  • Kabata-Pendias, A. (2011). Trace elements in soils and plants, 4th edn. Boca Rato, CRC Press, 548 pp.
  • Kasote, D.M. (2017). Propolis: a neglected product of value in the Indian beekeeping sector. Bee World, 94(3), 80-83. https://doi.org/10.1080/0005772X.2017.1345223
  • Keskin, M., & Kolaylı, S. (2018). Standardization of propolis, Is it possible. Uludag bee journal, 18(2), 101-110. https://doi.org/10.31467/uluaricilik.485080
  • Kurek-Górecka, A., Rzepecka-Stojko, A., Górecki, M., Stojko, J., Sosada, M., & Świerczek-Zięba, G. (2014). Structure and antioxidant activity of polyphenols derived from propolis. Molecules, 19(1), 78-101. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules19010078
  • Li, F., Awale, S., Tezuka, Y., & Kadota, S. (2008). Cytotoxic constituents from Brazilian red propolis and their structure–activity relationship. Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, 16(10), 5434-5440. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bmc.2008.04.016
  • Maden Çalışkol, M. (2013). Azerbaycan yöresine ait propolis örneklerinin antioksidan özelliklerinin belirlenmesi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi (332135). Retrieved from https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/tezSorguSonucYeni.jsp
  • Negri, G., Marcucci, M.C., Salatino, A., & Salatino, M.L.F. (2000). Comb and propolis waxes from Brazil (states of São Paulo and Paraná). Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society, 11, 453-457.
  • Oršolić, N., & Bašić, I. (2003). Immunomodulation by water-soluble derivative of propolis: a factor of antitumor reactivity. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 84(2-3), 265-273. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(02)00329-X
  • Ota, C., Unterkircher, C., Fantinato, V., & Shimizu, M.T. (2001). Antifungal activity of propolis on different species of Candida. Mycoses, 44(9‐10), 375-378. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0507.2001.00671.x
  • Özaltan, Z., & Koçyiğit, M. (2022). Pollen morphology of some taxa in the family Lamiaceae (Labiatae) from Turkey. EMU Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 5(1), 11-20.
  • Özhatay, N., Kocyigit, M., & Bona, M. (2012). Istanbul’s Honey Plants. Istanbul. Turkey.
  • Perveen, A., & Qaiser, M. (2003). Pollen Morphology of the Family Labiatae from Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 35(5), 671–693.
  • Popova, M.P., Bankova, V.S., Bogdanov, S., Tsvetkova, I., Naydenski, C., Marcazzan, G.L., & Sabatini, A.G. (2007). Chemical characteristics of poplar type propolis of different geographic origin. Apidologie, 38(3), 306-311. https://doi.org/10.1051/apido:2007013
  • Popova, M., Trusheva, B., & Bankova, V. (2017). Content of biologically active compounds in Bulgarian propolis: a basis for its standardization. Bulgarian Chemical Communications, 49(2017), 115-120.
  • Roman, A., Madras-Majewska, B., & Popiela-Pleban, E. (2011). Comparative study of selected toxic elements in propolis and honey. Journal of Apicultural Science, 55(2), 97-106.
  • Saelao, P., Borba, R.S., Ricigliano, V., Spivak, M., & Simone-Finstrom, M. (2020). Honeybee microbiome is stabilized in the presence of propolis. Biology letters, 16(5), 1-5. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2020.0003
  • Sarıkaya, A.O., Ulusoy, E., Öztürk, N., Tuncel, M., & Kolayli, S. (2009). Antioxidant activity and phenolic acid constituents of chestnut (Castania sativa Mill.) honey and propolis. Journal of food biochemistry, 33(4), 470-481. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-4514.2009.00231.x
  • Sawicka, D., Car, H., Borawska, M.H., & Nikliński, J. (2012). The anticancer activity of propolis. Folia Histochemica et Cytobiologica, 50(1), 25-37.
  • Sforcin, J.M., Fernandes J.A., Lopes, C.A.M., Bankova, V., & Funari, S.R.C. (2000). Seasonal effect on Brazilian propolis antibacterial activity. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 73(1-2), 243-249. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(00)00320-2
  • Sforcin, J.M. (2016). Biological properties and the rapeuticapplications of propolis. Phytotherapy Research, 30(6), 894-905. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.5605
  • Simone-Finstrom, M., Borba, R.S., Wilson, M., & Spivak, M. (2017). Propolis counteracts some threats to honey bee health. Insects, 8(2), 46. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects8020046
  • Sobočanec, S., Balog, T., Šariċ, A., Mačak-Šafranko, Ž., Štroser, M., Žarković, K., ..., & Marotti, T. (2011). Antitumor effect of Croatian propolis as a consequence of diverse sex-related dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) protein expression. Phytomedicine, 18(10), 852-858. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2011.01.015
  • Su, L., Yin, J.J., Charles, D., Zhou, K., Moore, J., & Yu, L.L. (2007). Total phenolic contents, chelating capacities, and radical-scavenging properties of black peppercorn, nutmeg, rosehip, cinnamon and oregano leaf. Food chemistry, 100(3), 990-997. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2005.10.058
  • Şenoğlu Fenerci B. (2021). Eskiçağ’da bal. Masrop E-Dergi, 15(1), 62-74.
  • Tylkowski, B., Trusheva, B., Bankova, V., Giamberini, M., Peev, G., & Nikolova, A. (2010). Extraction of biologically active compounds from propolis and concentration of extract by nanofiltration. Journal of Membrane Science, 348(1–2), 124–130. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2009.10.049
  • Yüksel, U., Tegin, I., & Ziyadanogullari, R. (2017). Recovery of copper and cobalt from copper slags as selective. Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering A, 6(8), 388-394.
  • Üreten, H., (2011). Eski Anadolu'da arı ve bal. International journal of history, 3(3), 363-382.
There are 44 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Structural Biology
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Mehmet Fidan 0000-0002-0255-9727

Süleyman Mesut Pınar 0000-0002-1774-7704

Mehmet Emre Erez 0000-0002-4944-365X

Behçet İnal 0000-0003-2215-2710

Hüseyin Eroğlu 0000-0001-9171-5607

Project Number 2020-SİÜFED-035
Early Pub Date September 4, 2022
Publication Date December 31, 2022
Submission Date September 22, 2022
Acceptance Date November 21, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 6 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Fidan, M., Pınar, S. M., Erez, M. E., İnal, B., et al. (2022). Determination of Botanical Origin and Mineral Content of Propolis Samples from Balveren (Şırnak) Beekeepers Accommodation Areas. Commagene Journal of Biology, 6(2), 165-171. https://doi.org/10.31594/commagene.1178654