Farklı Badem [Prunus dulcis (Miller) D.A. Webb] Çeşitlerinin ve Genotiplerinin Morfolojik ve Pomolojik Karakterizasyonu

Abstract

Bu çalışma, Çanakkale ekolojik koşullarında yetiştirilen farklı badem [Prunus dulcis (Miller) D.A. Webb] çeşitlerinin ve genotiplerinin pomolojik ve morfolojik özelliklerini incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Çalışma kapsamında Ferragnes, Ferraduel, Texas, Laurenne ve Nonpareil badem çeşitleri ile Alçıtepe genotipi kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada iki yıllık veriler elde edilerek, 2023 ve 2024 yıllarında, Ağustos-Eylül döneminde hasat edilen çeşitlerin ve genotiplerin meyve özellikleri, kabuklu ve kabuksuz ölçümleri, yaprak ve petiol özellikleri ile fotosentetik kapasiteyi belirten SPAD değerleri karşılaştırılarak, farklı çeşitlerin ve genotiplerin üretim potansiyeli ve kalite parametreleri hakkında derinlemesine bilgi elde edilmiştir. Kabuklu ve kabuksuz özellikler açısından Ferraduel çeşidi en geniş kabuk genişliğine (23,32 mm) sahipken, Nonpareil çeşidi en uzun kabuk uzunluğunu (38,99 mm) göstermiştir. Buna ek olarak, Ferragnes ve Texas çeşitleri daha kısa kabuk özelliklere sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir. En yüksek kabuksuz meyve ağırlığı Laurenne çeşidinde (2,46 g) bulunurken, Alçıtepe genotipinin en düşük kabuksuz ağırlığa (1,30 g) sahip olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Kabuksuz verim oranı açısından Texas (40,31%) ve Ferragnes (33,23%) çeşitleri en yüksek verim oranlarına sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bu sonuçlar, çeşitler arasında kabuksuz verim oranında büyük bir varyasyon olduğunu göstermektedir. Yaprak ve petiol özellikleri incelendiğinde, Ferraduel çeşidi en büyük yaprağa (32,80 mm) sahipken, Alçıtepe genotipi ve Texas çeşidi daha küçük yapraklara sahip olduğu gözlenmiştir. SPAD değeri açısından Laurenne (42,16) ve Alçıtepe (41,60) en yüksek değerlere sahipken, Texas (37,38) ve Ferragnes (38,56) daha düşük SPAD değerlerine sahip olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bu durum, farklı çeşitlerin fotosentetik kapasitesinde önemli farklılıklar olduğunu ve bunun üretkenlik açısından önemli bir faktör olduğunu göstermektedir. Sonuç olarak, bu çalışma, bazı önemli badem çeşitleri ve genotiplerinin pomolojik ve morfolojik özelliklerinde önemli farklılıklar ortaya koymuş ve bazı çeşitlerin daha büyük meyveler ve daha yüksek verimler sağladığını vurgulamıştır. Elde edilen sonuçların, badem üretiminde verimli çeşitlerin seçimi ve badem genotiplerinin üretim tekniklerinin geliştirilmesi için önemli bir rehber olacağı öngörülmektedir.

Keywords

• badem
• yerel genotipler
• standart çeşitler
• pomolojik özellikler
• morfolojik özellikler

The Pomological and Morphological Characterization of Different Foreign Almond Cultivars and the Local Type Grown under Ecological Conditions of Çanakkale

Abstract

The present study aims to investigate the pomological and morphological characteristics of different almond [Prunus dulcis (Miller) D.A. Webb] cultivars and genotypes cultivated in Çanakkale ecological conditions. Within the scope of the study, Ferragnes, Ferraduel, Texas, Laurenne and Nonpareil were used as almond cultivars, while Alçıtepe genotype was selected as genotype. Two-year data were used in the study. In 2023 and 2024, fruit characteristics of the cultivars and genotypes harvested in August-September, shelled and ushelled measurements, leaf and petiole characteristics and SPAD values indicating photosynthetic capacity were compared to obtain in-depth information about the production potential and quality parameters of different cultivars and genotypes. With regard to shelled and unshelled characteristics, the Ferraduel cultivar exhibited the longest shell width (23.32 mm), the Nonpareil cultivar demonstrated the longest shell length (38.99 mm), while the Ferragnes and Texas cultivars exhibited shorter shell characteristics. The highest unshelled fruit weight was found in cultivar Laurenne (2.46 g), while genotype Alçıtepe had the lowest unshelled weight (1.30 g). Regarding the unshelled yield ratio, the cultivars Texas (40.31%) and Ferragnes (33.23%) had the highest yield ratios. These results show that there is a large variation in shelled yield ratio between cultivars. When leaf and petiole characteristics were analysed, Ferraduel cultivar had the largest leaf (32.80 mm), while Alçıtepe genotype and Texas cultivar had smaller leaves. In terms of SPAD value, Laurenne (42.16) and Alçıtepe (41.60) had the highest values, while Texas (37.38) and Ferragnes (38.56) had lower SPAD values. This shows that there are significant differences in the photosynthetic capacity of different cultivars and this is an important factor in terms of productivity. In conclusion, this study revealed significant differences in pomological and morphological characteristics of some important almond cultivars and genotypes and highlighted that some cultivars provide larger fruits and higher yields. It is predicted that the results obtained will be an important guide for the selection of productive cultivars in almond production and the improvement of production techniques for almond genotypes.

Keywords

• Almond [Prunus dulcis (Miller) D.A. Webb]
• local genotypes
• standart cultivars
• pomological traits
• morphological traits

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