Effect of Some Waste and Soil Regulators on Worm Behavior in Soil

Abstract

Effect of Some Waste and Soil Regulators on Worm Behavior in Soil In this study, the orientation status of worms into the soils (peat, perlite, organomineral fertilizer and tea waste) obtained by mixing different materials, was determined. With this purpose, total areas of tunnels opened by worms, were measured in between the soils mixed with different materials and control. According to datas, surface areas of channels opened by worms, were measured 23.53 cm2 in mixture of organomineral fertilizer, 24.26 cm2 in mixture of perlite, 35.76 cm2 in mixture of tea waste, 48.01 cm2 in mixture of peat and 83.92 cm2 in control (without mixture). As a consequence, it was established that the rate of control soil was preferred to other mediums, were statistically significant (p < 0.05). Instead of control soil, the choice between the status of soils mixed with different materials, were not significant (p < 0.092)

Keywords

• Tea waste, Organomineral fertilizer, Perlite, Earthworm, Peat, Soil

Bazı Atık ve Toprak Düzenleyicilerin Toprakta Solucan Davranışlarına Etkisi

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, farklı materyaller (torf, perlit, organomineral gübre ve çay atığı) karıştırılarak elde edilmiş topraklara solucanların yönelim durumları belirlenmiştir. Bu amaçla, farklı materyal karıştırılmış topraklar ile kontrol toprağı arasına bırakılan solucanların açtıkları tünellerin toplam alanları ölçülmüştür. Elde edilen verilere göre, solucanların açtıkları kanalların yüzey alanları; organomineral gübreli karışımda 23,53 cm2, perlitli karışımda 24,26 cm2, çay atıklı karışımda 35,76 cm2, torflu karışımda 48,01 cm2 ve katkısız (kontrol) toprakta ise 83,92 cm2 olarak ölçülmüştür. Bu verilere bağlı olarak, kontrol toprağının diğer ortamlara göre tercih edilme oranın istatistiksel olarak önemli olduğu saptanmıştır (p < 0,05). Kontrol toprağı dışında, farklı materyal karıştırılmış toprakların arasındaki tercih edilme durumları önemsiz düzeyde olmuştur (p < 0,092)

Keywords

• Çay atığı, Organomineral gübre, Perlit, Solucan, Torf, Toprak

References

1. Allison, L.E., Moodie, C.D., 1965. Carbonate. In: C.A. Black et al (ed.) Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 2. Agronomy 9: 1379–1400. Am. Soc. of Agron., Inc., Madison, Wisconsin, USA. Anonim, 2013a.
2. http://www.bugday.org/portal/haber_detay.php?hid=150
3. (Erişim tarihi: 23.04.2013;
4. Güncellenme tarihi: 27.04.2004).
5. Anonim, 2013b. http://www.organikoop.com/toprak-solucanlari (Erişim tarihi: 27.04.2013).
6. Baker, G.H., Amato, M., Ladd, J., 2003. Influences of Aporrectodea trapezoides and A. rosea (Lumbricidae) on the uptake of nitrogen and yield of oats (Avena fatua) and lupins (Lupinus angustifolius). Pedobiologia. 47: 857–862.
7. Baker, G.H., 1994. Earthworm, new discoveries, Rural Research. A CSIRO Quarterly. 163. 19–23.
8. Blouin, M., Hodson, M.E., Delgado, E.A., Baker, G., Brussaard, L., Butt, K.R., Dai, J., Dendooven, L., Peres, G., Tondoh, J.E., Cluzeau, D., Brun, J.J., 2013. A review of earthworm impact on soil function and ecosystem services. European Journal of Soil Science. 64: 161–182.

9. Bouyocuos, G.J., 1951. A Recalibration of Hydrometer Method for Making Mechanical Analysis of Soils. Agronomy Journal. 43: 434–438.
10. Coq, S., Barthes, B.G., Oliver, R., Rabary, B., Blanchart, E., 2007. Earthworm activity affects soil aggregation and organic matter dynamics according to the quality and localization of crop residues–an experimental study (Madagascar). Soil Biol. Biochem. 39: 2119–2128.
11. Darwin, C.R., 1881. The Formation of Vegetable Mould through the Action of Worms, with Observations on their Habits. Murray, London.
12. Dunger, W., 1983. Tiere im Boden. A. Ziemsen Verlag, Wittenberg Lutherstadt.
13. Edwards, C.A., 2013. Soil Biology, Chapter 8: Earthworms, the living soil: Earthworms, Ohio State University. http://soils.usda.gov/sqi/concepts/soil_biology/earthworms.html
14. Edwards, C.A., Bohlen, P.J., 1996. Biology and Ecology of Earthworms. 3rd Ed. Chapman & Hall, London.
15. Evans, A.C., 1947. A Method for studying the burrowing activities of earthworms. Annals and Magazine of Natural History. 11: 643–650.
16. Ferriere, G., 1980. Fonctions des lombriciens: VII. Une methode d’analyse de la matiere organique vegetale ingeree. Pedobiologia. 20: 263–273.
17. Fründ, H.C., Wallrabenstein H., Leibner S., Blohm R., 2008. Developing a soil quality test with 2D terraria and Aporrectodea caliginosa–Berichte der DBG, http://www.dbges.de.
18. Fuller, H., 1954. Die Regenwürmer. Die Neue Brehm-Bücherei, Heft 140 (Nachdruck). Wittenberg: A. Ziemsen Verlag.
19. Graff, O., 1953. Die Regenwürmer Deutschlands. Hannover. Schaper.
20. Hidalgo, P.R., Matta, F.B., Harkess, R.L., 2006. Physical and chemical properties of substrates containing earthworm castings and effects on marigold growth. Hortscience. 41(6): 1474–1476.
21. Kirsten, W.J., 1983. Organic Elemental Analysis: Ultramicro, Micro, and Trace Methods. Academic Press, New York.
22. Lee, K.E., 1985. Earthworms, Their ecology and relationships with soils and land use. Academic Press, 411 s. Sydney.
23. Lee, K.E., Pankhurst, C.E., 1992. Soil organisms and sustainable productivity. Australian J. Soil Res. 30: 855– 92.
24. Leibner, S., Fründ, H.C., Schacht, H., Blohm, R., 2008. Standardisierung und Validierung eines Bodenqualitätstests auf Basis der Bodennutzung durch Regenwürmer.-Berichte der DBG, http://www.dbges.de
25. Li, J.X., Zhang, W.X.,, Liao, C.H., Yang, Y.P., Fu, S.L., 2009. Responses of Earthworms to Organic Matter at Different Stages of Decomposition. Pedosphere 19 (3): 382–388.
26. Malecki, M.R., Edward, F., Neuhauser, R., Loehr, C., 1982. The effect of metals on the growth and reproduction of Eisenia foetida (Oligochaeta, Lumbricidae). Pedobiologia. 24(3): 129–137.
27. Martin, A., Lavelle, P., 1992. Effect of soil organic–matter quality on its assimilation by Millsonia anomala a tropical geophagous earthworm Soil Biol. Biochem. 24: 1535–1538.
28. Mısırlıoğlu, M., 2011. Toprak Solucanları Biyolojileri, Ekolojileri ve Türkiye Türleri, Nobel Yayın Dağıtım, 25– 31 s., Ankara.
29. Paoletti, M.G., Bressan, M., Edwards, C.A., 1996. Soil Invertebrates as Bioindicators of Human Disturbance. Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences. 15: 21–62
30. Paoletti, M.G., Sommaggio, D., Favretto, M.R., Petruzzelli, G., Pezzarossa, B., Barbafieri, M., 1998. Earthworms as useful bioindicators of agroecosystem sustainability in orchards and vineyards with different inputs. Applied Soil Ecology. 10: 137–150.
31. Richards, L.A., 1954. Diagnosis and Improvement of Saline and Alkali Soils. United States Department of Agriculture Handbook, 60–94.
32. Salvador, E.D., Minami, K., 2008. Evaluation of different substrates on gloxinia (Sinningia speciosa Lood. Hiern.) growth. Acta Horticulturae. 779: 555–560.
33. Schneider, A.K., Schroder, B., 2012. Perspectives in modelling earthworm dynamics and their feedbacks with abiotic soil properties. Applied Soil Ecology. 58: 29–36.
34. Streit, B., Jaggy, A., 1983. Effect of soil type on copper toxicity and copper uptake in Octolasium cyaneum (Lumbricidae). In New Trends in Soil Biology. Ph. Lebrun et al. (eds). pp. 569–575.