Ankara İli Ayaş İlçesi Çiftçilerinin Domates Tarlalarında Kullanılan Damla Sulama Sistemlerinin Performans Değerlendirmesi

Abstract

Araştırmada domates yetiştiriciliği yapan çiftçilerin kullandığı damlama sulama sistemlerinin performansları ölçülmüştür. Bu amaçla İç Anadolu Bölgesinde Ankara ili Ayaş ilçesine bağlı köylerde bulunan bazı damla sulama sistemlerinin teknik performansları ölçülmüştür. Damla sulama sistemlerinin performansını ölçmek için her bir manifold hattı üzerinde 4 adet lateral hattı ve her bir lateralde 4 adet damlatıcı noktası seçilmiştir. Çalışmada, Uygulama Verimliliği (Ea) %29,5-63,6, Tekdüzelik Katsayısı (CU) %81,4-94,3, Dağıtım Tekdüzeliği (DU) %62,8-91,4, Emisyon Tekdüzeliği (AB) 58, %487,7, Alt Çeyrek Uygulama Verimliliği (AELQ) %33,4-%61,2 ve Alt Çeyrek Potansiyel Uygulama Verimliliği (PELQ) %52,5-78,9 olarak belirlenmiştir. Araştırmada elde edilen bulgulara göre, test edilen tüm alanlarda sistemde tasarım sorunlarının olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

Keywords

• damla sulama
• performans
• su dağıtımı
• sulama verimliliği
• domates

Project Number

TAGEM/TSKAD/G/17/A9/P3/409

Performance Evaluation of Drip Irrigation Systems Used in Tomato Fields of Ankara Province Ayaş District Farmers

Abstract

The performances of drip irrigation systems used by farmers engaged in tomato cultivation were measured in the study. For this purpose, the technical performance of some drip irrigation systems in the villages of Ankara province Ayaş district in the Central Anatolia Region was measured. To measure the performance of drip irrigation systems, 4 lateral drip points on each manifold and 4 dripper points on each lateral were selected. In the study, the Application Efficiency (Ea) 29,5-63,6%, Uniformity Coefficient (CU) 81,4-94,3%, Distribution Uniformity (DU) 62.8-91.4%, Emission Uniformity (EU) 58,4-87,7%, Actual Application Efficiency of Lower Quarter (AELQ) 33,4%- 61,2% and Potential Application Efficiency of Lower Quarter (PELQ) 52,5-78,9% was determined. According to the findings obtained in the research, it was determined that there were design problems in the system in all tested areas.

Keywords

• drip irrigation
• performance
• water distribution
• irrigation efficiency
• tomato

Supporting Institution

General Directorate of Agricultural Research and Policies, Ankara

Project Number

TAGEM/TSKAD/G/17/A9/P3/409

Thanks

The authors would like to thank the General Directorate of Agricultural Research and Policies and Soil, Fertilizer and Water Resources Central Research Institute for their support.

References

1. Anonymous 2020a, Access address: http://www.ayas.gov.tr/syf.asp?id=201 Date of access: 9.08.2020
2. Anonymous, 2020b. Turkey Statistical Institute. Access address: https://biruni.tuik.gov.tr. Date of access: 9.08.2020
3. ASAE EP458, 1998. Field evaluation of microirrigation systems. ASAE Standards 1998. 45th ed. Standards engineering practices data. ASAE, 2950 Niles Road, St Joseph, Mich., USA.
4. ASAE Standarts., 1991. Soil and Water Resource Management. s. 554-678, St. Joseph, MI. USA.
5. Bralts, V. F., & Kesner, C. D., 1983. Drip irrigation field uniformity estimation. Transactions of the ASAE, 26(5), 1369-1374.
6. Burt, C.M., Clemmens, A.J., Strelkoff, T.S., Solomon, K.H., Bliesner, R.D., Hardy, L.A., Howell, T.A., Eisenhauer, D.E., 1997. Irrigation Performance Measures: Efficiency and Uniformity. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering 123(6):423-442.
7. Christiansens JE., 1942. Irrigation by sprinkling. California Agricultural Experiment Station. Bulletin No. 670. Berkeley.
8. Cobos, D., Rivera, L., & Campbell, G., 2015. Automated Dual-Head Infiltrometer for Measuring Field Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity (Kfs). In EGU General Assembly Conference Abstracts (p. 14348). Darouich, H. M., Pedras, C. M., Gonçalves, J. M., & Pereira, L. S., 2014. Drip vs. surface irrigation: A comparison focussing on water saving and economic returns using multicriteria analysis applied to cotton. Biosystems engineering, 122, 74-90.

9. Fan, J., Lu, X., Gu, S., & Guo, X., 2020. Improving nutrient and water use efficiencies using water-drip irrigation and fertilization technology in Northeast China. Agricultural Water Management, 241, 106352.
10. Fereres, E., Martinich, D., Aldrich, T., Castel, J. R. E. H., Holzapfel, E., & Schulbach, H., 1982. Drip irrigation saves money in young almond orchards. California Agriculture, 36(9), 12-13.
11. Gültekin, R., & Ertek, A., 2018. Effects of deficit irrigation on the potato tuber development and quality. International Journal of Agriculture Environment and Food Sciences, 2(3), 93-98.
12. Ibragimov, N., Evett, S. R., Esanbekov, Y., Kamilov, B. S., Mirzaev, L., & Lamers, J. P., 2007. Water use efficiency of irrigated cotton in Uzbekistan under drip and furrow irrigation. Agricultural water management, 90(1-2), 112-120.
13. James, L. G., 1988. Principles of farm irrigation systems design. John Wiley and Sons Limited.
14. Kanber, R., 2010. Tarla Sulama Sistemleri. Ç.Ü. Ziraat Fakültesi, Genel Yayın No: 283, Ders kitapları Yayın No. A-89, Adana, 584 s.
15. Kanber, R., Öğretir, K., Güngör, H., Kara, C., 1996. Sulanır Alanlarda Su Kullanım Etkinliğinin (Randıman) Değerlendirilmesi. Köy Hizmetleri Araştırma Ana Projesi. Proje No: 423, Eskişehir, 116s.
16. Keller, J., & Karmeli, D., 1974. Trickle irrigation design parameters. Transactions of the ASAE, 17(4), 678-0684.
17. Lamm, F. R., & Trooien, T. P., 2003. Subsurface drip irrigation for corn production: a review of 10 years of research in Kansas. Irrigation science, 22(3-4), 195-200.
18. Merriam, J. L., & Keller, J., 1978. Farm irrigation system evaluation: A guide for management. Farm irrigation system evaluation: a guide for management.
19. Merriam, J. L., Shearer, M. N., & Burt, C. M., 1980. Evaluating irrigation systems and practices. Evaluating irrigation systems and practices., 721-760.
20. Michael, A.M., 2008. “Irrigation Theory and Practice”, Second edition (revised and enlarged) Vikas Publishing House PVT. Ltd, Delhi, India.
21. Sivanappan R K, Padmakumari O., 1980. Drip irrigation, Tamil Nadu Agriculture University, Booklet, pp. 70.
22. Tagar, A., Chandio, F. A., Mari, I. A., & Wagan, B., 2012. Comparative study of drip and furrow irrigation methods at farmer’s field in Umarkot. World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, 69, 863-867.
23. Ortega, J. F., Tarjuelo, J. M., de Juan, J. A., 2002. Evaluation of Irrigation Performance in Localized Irrigation Systems of Semiarid Regions (Castilla-La Mancha, Spain). Agricultural Engineering International: the Cigr Journal of Scientific Research and Development. Manuscript LW 01 007. Vol IV, s. 1-17.
24. Qureshi, A. L., Gadehi, M. A., Mahessar, A. A., Memon, N. A., Soomro, A. G., & Memon, A. H., 2015. Effect of drip and furrow irrigation systems on sunflower yield and water use efficiency in dry area of Pakistan. American-Eurasian Journal of Agricultural & Environmental Sciences, 15(10), 1947-1952.
25. Yan, X. L., Dai, T. F., & Jia, L. M. (2018). Evaluation of the cumulative effect of drip irrigation and fertigation on productivity in a poplar plantation. Annals of forest science, 75(1), 5.
26. Yıldırım, O. and A. Korukçu. 1999. Designing Drip Irrigation Systems. Ankara Univ. Faculty of Agriculture. Agricultural Structures and Irrigation Department, Lecture Notes (Unpublished), p.98-187.
27. Woltering, L., Ibrahim, A., Pasternak, D., & Ndjeunga, J., 2011. The economics of low pressure drip irrigation and hand watering for vegetable production in the Sahel. Agricultural Water Management, 99(1), 67-73.