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Odun Çeliklerinin Mikroskobik İnceleme ve Görüntülenmesinde Farklı Boyama Tekniklerinin Kullanımı Üzerine Araştırmalar

Year 2024, Volume: 12 Issue: 1, 108 - 120, 22.07.2024
https://doi.org/10.33202/comuagri.1387460

Abstract

Öz
Bu çalışmada, asma çeliklerinden kök oluşumunun mikroskobik incelenme ve görüntülenmesinde oldukça etkili olan ve tarafımızdan geliştirilen boyama ve görüntüleme yöntemleri sunulmaktadır. Farklı boya maddeleri farklı hücre tipleri ve bileşenleriyle tepkimeye girerek kendilerine özğü renk özelliklerini ortaya çıkarırlar. Asma kesitlerinde doğal renk farklılıkları birbirine çok yakındır. Bundan dolayı asma kök oluşumunun ve dal dokularının yüzey ve iç özellikleri göstermek için konsantrasyonunu arttırmanın en iyi yolu boyamadır. Bu amaçla araştırmamızda asma çeliklerinden kök oluşumunda hücre ve doku düzeyleri üzerine ayırt edici bilgiler sağlayarak net bir tanımlama ortaya koyabilmek için farklı boyama maddeleri ve bunların farklı karışımları üzerinde çalışılmıştır. Asma kesitlerine yapılan boyama uygulamaları Toluidine blue O, Aniline blue, Safranin O, Bromophenol blue, Methyl green, Basic fuchsin, Giemsa stain, Fast green FCF ve Carmin’dir. Bu uygulamalardan Toluidine blue O, Safranin O, Bromophenol blue, Fast green FCF ve Aniline blue boyamaları hücre ve doku düzeyleri üzerine etkili sonuçlar ortaya koymuştur. Ayrıca araştırmamızda kullanılan iki çift boyama yönteminden (Safranin O+ Bromophenol blue ve Bromophenol blue+Fast green FCF) başarılı sonuçlar alınmıştır. Her iki çift boyama yöntemi de asma gövde ve kök kesitlerinin mikroskop altında incelenmesinde kullanılması tavsiye edilir. Boyanan kesitlerin yüzeyindeki renklenmelerin ve keskinliğin mikroskop altında görüntüleme ve fotoğraflamasının iyileştirilmesi için tarafımızdan ‘halka ışık’ geliştirilmiştir. Halka ışık, numunenin tamamı üzerine beyaz ışık, sarı ışık ve her iki ışık yoğunluğunu farklı oranlarda kullanarak aydınlatma olanağı sunmaktadır.

References

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  • Arık, C., Altındişli, A., 2020. The effects of fixation and staining methods in histological investigation on the grafted cuttings of grapevine. Journal of Agricultural Faculty of Gaziosmanpasa University. 38 (1): 65-72.
  • Berlyn, G.P., Miksche, J.P., 1976. Botanical microtechnique and cytochemistry. Iowa State University Press, Ames.
  • Bond, J., Donaldson, L., Hill, S., Hitchcock, K., 2008. Safranine fluorescent staining of wood cell walls. Biotech. Histochem. 83: 161-171.
  • Bracegirdle, B., 1986. A history of microtechnique: the evolution of the microtome and the development of tissue preparation. History of microscopy series. Science Heritage Ltd, Lincolnwood.
  • Camarero, J.J., Olano, J.M., Parras, A., 2010. Plastic bimodal xylogenesis in conifers from continental Mediterranean climates. New Phytol. 185:471–480.
  • Chaffey, N.J., 2002. Wood formation in trees: cell and molecular biology techniques. Taylor-Francis, New York. Çalı, Ö. İ, Candan, F., 2011. Bitki Anatomisi Uygulamaları Kitabı, Nobel Yayınları, 112 s., Ankara
  • Dapson, R. W., 2007. The history, chemistry and modes of action of carmine and related dyes. Biological Stain CommissionBiotechnic & Histochemistry.82(45): 173187.
  • Engin, H., Gökbayrak, Z., 2023. Microscopic analyzes on stem samples. New frontiers in agriculture, forest and water issues. 27: 533-549.
  • Fabien, B., Corentin, S., Laure, T., Sophie, B., Godfrey, N. 2020. A rapid and quantitative safranin-based fluorescent microscopy method to evaluate cell wall lignification. The Plant Journal. John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
  • Fields, S.D., Strout, G.W., Russell, S.D., 1997. Spray-freezing freeze substitution (SFFS) of cell suspensions for improved preservation of ultrastructure. Micro Res Tech. 38: 315–328.
  • Foglia, R., Landi, L., Romanazzi, G. 2022. Analyses of xylem vessel size on grapevine cultivars and relationship with incidence of esca disease, a threat to grape quality. Appl. Sci. 12: 1177.
  • Gahan, P.B., 1984. Plant histochemistry and cytochemistry-an introduction. Academic Press, London.
  • Galigher, A.E., Kozloff, E.N., 1971. Essentials of practical microtechnique. Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia.
  • Gartner, H., Heinrich, I., 2010. Anatomie des cernes chez les plantes ligneuses en regions temperees et tropicales. In: Payette S, Filion L La Dendrochronologie: Principes, methodes et applications. Presses de Universite Laval, Quebec, 33–60. Gartner, H., Schweingruber, F.H., 2013. Microscopic preparation techniques for plant stem analysis. Kessel Publishing House, Germany.
  • Hacke, U., 2015. Functional and ecological xylem anatomy. Springer International Publishing Switzerland. 133(15783):2-5.
  • Hacke, U.G., Venturas, M.D., MacKinnon, E.D., Jacobsen, A.L., Sperry J.S., Pratt, R.B., 2015. The standard centrifuge method accurately measures vulnerability curves of long-vesselled olive stems. New Phytol. 205:116–127.
  • Horobin, R.W., 1982. Histochemistry. Gustav Fischer, Stuttgart.
  • Horobin, R.W., Kiernan, J.A., 2002. Conn’s biological stains. BIOS Scientific, Oxford.
  • Jewell, F.F., 1958. Stain technique for rapid diagnosis of rust in southern pines. For Sci. 4:42–44.
  • Kutscha, N.P., Gray, J.R., 1972. The suitability of certain stains for studying lignification in balsam fir Abies balsamea (L.) Mill. Tech Bull 72. Life Sciences and Agriculture Experimental Station, University of Maine.
  • Lancelle, S.A., Callahan, D.A., Hepler, P.K., 1986. A method for rapid freeze fixation of plant cells. Protoplasma. 131:153–165.
  • Micco, V., Aronne, G., 2007. Combined histochemistry and autofluorescence for identifying lignin distribution in cell walls. Biotech Histochem. 82:209–216.
  • Osipov, A., Andreyan, O., 2014. DNA comet Giemsa staining for conventional bright-field microscopy. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 15(4): 6086-6095.
  • Rapp, A.O., Behrmann, K., 1998. Preparation of wood for microscopic analysis after decay testing. Holz als Roh und Werkstoff. 56:277–278.
  • Rauter, R.W., Zufa, L., 1972. A rapid technique for the determination of Cronartium ribicola mycelium in white pine bark tissues. In: Biology of rust resistance in forest trees. Proc of a NATO-IUFRO Advanced Study Institute, USDA Forest Service, (Miscellaneous Publ No 1221), Washington DC, 387–392.
  • Ruzin, S.E., 1999. Plant microtechnique and microscopy. Oxford University Press, New York.
  • Schubert, A., Lovisolo, C., Peterlunger, E., 1999. Shoot orientation affects vessel size, shoot hydraulic conductivity and shoot growth rate in Vitis vinifera L. Plant Cell Environ. 22:197–204.
  • Schwarze, F.W., 2007. Wood decay under the microscope. Fungal Biol Rev. 21:133–170.
  • Schweingruber, F.H., 1990. Microscopic wood anatomy. Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, Birmensdorf.
  • Schweingruber, F.H., Börner, A., Schulze, E.D., 2006. Atlas of woody plant stems: evolution, structure, and environmental modifications. Springer, Berlin.
  • Selvakumar, N., Ander, A., 2002. Inefficiency of 0.3% carbol fuchsin in ziehl-neelsen staining for detecting acid-fast bacilli. Journal of clinical microbiology 40(8): 3041-3043.
  • Smith, G.M., 1915. The development of botanical microtechnique. Trans Am Microsc Soc. 34:71–129
  • Srebotnik, E., Messner, K., 1994. A simple method that uses differential staining and light microscopy to assess the selectivity of wood delignification by white rot fungi. Appl Environ Microbiol. 60:1383–1386.
  • Sutton, A., Tardif, J., 2005. Distribution and anatomical characteristics of white rings in Populus tremuloides. IAWA J. 26:221–238.
  • Vazquez-Cooz I., Meyer, R.W., 2002. A differential staining method to identify lignified and unlignified tissues. Biothech Histochem. 77:277–282.
  • Wegner, L., Sass-Klaassen, U., Eilmann, B., 2014. Micro-core processing a time and cost efficient protocol. Wageningen University.
  • Werf, G.W., Sass-Klaassen, U., Mohren, G.M.J., 2007. The impact of the summer drought on the intra-annual growth pattern of beech ( Fagus sylvatica L.) and oak ( Quercus robur L.) on a dry site in the Netherlands. Dendrochronologia. 25:103–112.
Year 2024, Volume: 12 Issue: 1, 108 - 120, 22.07.2024
https://doi.org/10.33202/comuagri.1387460

Abstract

References

  • Anderson, G., Bancroft, J., 2002. Tissue processing and microtomy. In: Bancroft J, Gamble M. Theory and practice of histological techniques. Churchill Livingstone, London, pp 85–107.
  • Arık, C., Altındişli, A., 2020. The effects of fixation and staining methods in histological investigation on the grafted cuttings of grapevine. Journal of Agricultural Faculty of Gaziosmanpasa University. 38 (1): 65-72.
  • Berlyn, G.P., Miksche, J.P., 1976. Botanical microtechnique and cytochemistry. Iowa State University Press, Ames.
  • Bond, J., Donaldson, L., Hill, S., Hitchcock, K., 2008. Safranine fluorescent staining of wood cell walls. Biotech. Histochem. 83: 161-171.
  • Bracegirdle, B., 1986. A history of microtechnique: the evolution of the microtome and the development of tissue preparation. History of microscopy series. Science Heritage Ltd, Lincolnwood.
  • Camarero, J.J., Olano, J.M., Parras, A., 2010. Plastic bimodal xylogenesis in conifers from continental Mediterranean climates. New Phytol. 185:471–480.
  • Chaffey, N.J., 2002. Wood formation in trees: cell and molecular biology techniques. Taylor-Francis, New York. Çalı, Ö. İ, Candan, F., 2011. Bitki Anatomisi Uygulamaları Kitabı, Nobel Yayınları, 112 s., Ankara
  • Dapson, R. W., 2007. The history, chemistry and modes of action of carmine and related dyes. Biological Stain CommissionBiotechnic & Histochemistry.82(45): 173187.
  • Engin, H., Gökbayrak, Z., 2023. Microscopic analyzes on stem samples. New frontiers in agriculture, forest and water issues. 27: 533-549.
  • Fabien, B., Corentin, S., Laure, T., Sophie, B., Godfrey, N. 2020. A rapid and quantitative safranin-based fluorescent microscopy method to evaluate cell wall lignification. The Plant Journal. John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
  • Fields, S.D., Strout, G.W., Russell, S.D., 1997. Spray-freezing freeze substitution (SFFS) of cell suspensions for improved preservation of ultrastructure. Micro Res Tech. 38: 315–328.
  • Foglia, R., Landi, L., Romanazzi, G. 2022. Analyses of xylem vessel size on grapevine cultivars and relationship with incidence of esca disease, a threat to grape quality. Appl. Sci. 12: 1177.
  • Gahan, P.B., 1984. Plant histochemistry and cytochemistry-an introduction. Academic Press, London.
  • Galigher, A.E., Kozloff, E.N., 1971. Essentials of practical microtechnique. Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia.
  • Gartner, H., Heinrich, I., 2010. Anatomie des cernes chez les plantes ligneuses en regions temperees et tropicales. In: Payette S, Filion L La Dendrochronologie: Principes, methodes et applications. Presses de Universite Laval, Quebec, 33–60. Gartner, H., Schweingruber, F.H., 2013. Microscopic preparation techniques for plant stem analysis. Kessel Publishing House, Germany.
  • Hacke, U., 2015. Functional and ecological xylem anatomy. Springer International Publishing Switzerland. 133(15783):2-5.
  • Hacke, U.G., Venturas, M.D., MacKinnon, E.D., Jacobsen, A.L., Sperry J.S., Pratt, R.B., 2015. The standard centrifuge method accurately measures vulnerability curves of long-vesselled olive stems. New Phytol. 205:116–127.
  • Horobin, R.W., 1982. Histochemistry. Gustav Fischer, Stuttgart.
  • Horobin, R.W., Kiernan, J.A., 2002. Conn’s biological stains. BIOS Scientific, Oxford.
  • Jewell, F.F., 1958. Stain technique for rapid diagnosis of rust in southern pines. For Sci. 4:42–44.
  • Kutscha, N.P., Gray, J.R., 1972. The suitability of certain stains for studying lignification in balsam fir Abies balsamea (L.) Mill. Tech Bull 72. Life Sciences and Agriculture Experimental Station, University of Maine.
  • Lancelle, S.A., Callahan, D.A., Hepler, P.K., 1986. A method for rapid freeze fixation of plant cells. Protoplasma. 131:153–165.
  • Micco, V., Aronne, G., 2007. Combined histochemistry and autofluorescence for identifying lignin distribution in cell walls. Biotech Histochem. 82:209–216.
  • Osipov, A., Andreyan, O., 2014. DNA comet Giemsa staining for conventional bright-field microscopy. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 15(4): 6086-6095.
  • Rapp, A.O., Behrmann, K., 1998. Preparation of wood for microscopic analysis after decay testing. Holz als Roh und Werkstoff. 56:277–278.
  • Rauter, R.W., Zufa, L., 1972. A rapid technique for the determination of Cronartium ribicola mycelium in white pine bark tissues. In: Biology of rust resistance in forest trees. Proc of a NATO-IUFRO Advanced Study Institute, USDA Forest Service, (Miscellaneous Publ No 1221), Washington DC, 387–392.
  • Ruzin, S.E., 1999. Plant microtechnique and microscopy. Oxford University Press, New York.
  • Schubert, A., Lovisolo, C., Peterlunger, E., 1999. Shoot orientation affects vessel size, shoot hydraulic conductivity and shoot growth rate in Vitis vinifera L. Plant Cell Environ. 22:197–204.
  • Schwarze, F.W., 2007. Wood decay under the microscope. Fungal Biol Rev. 21:133–170.
  • Schweingruber, F.H., 1990. Microscopic wood anatomy. Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, Birmensdorf.
  • Schweingruber, F.H., Börner, A., Schulze, E.D., 2006. Atlas of woody plant stems: evolution, structure, and environmental modifications. Springer, Berlin.
  • Selvakumar, N., Ander, A., 2002. Inefficiency of 0.3% carbol fuchsin in ziehl-neelsen staining for detecting acid-fast bacilli. Journal of clinical microbiology 40(8): 3041-3043.
  • Smith, G.M., 1915. The development of botanical microtechnique. Trans Am Microsc Soc. 34:71–129
  • Srebotnik, E., Messner, K., 1994. A simple method that uses differential staining and light microscopy to assess the selectivity of wood delignification by white rot fungi. Appl Environ Microbiol. 60:1383–1386.
  • Sutton, A., Tardif, J., 2005. Distribution and anatomical characteristics of white rings in Populus tremuloides. IAWA J. 26:221–238.
  • Vazquez-Cooz I., Meyer, R.W., 2002. A differential staining method to identify lignified and unlignified tissues. Biothech Histochem. 77:277–282.
  • Wegner, L., Sass-Klaassen, U., Eilmann, B., 2014. Micro-core processing a time and cost efficient protocol. Wageningen University.
  • Werf, G.W., Sass-Klaassen, U., Mohren, G.M.J., 2007. The impact of the summer drought on the intra-annual growth pattern of beech ( Fagus sylvatica L.) and oak ( Quercus robur L.) on a dry site in the Netherlands. Dendrochronologia. 25:103–112.
There are 38 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Zootechny (Other)
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Hakan Engin 0000-0001-6897-8708

Fatih Cem Kuzucu 0000-0003-0497-4331

Zeliha Gökbayrak 0000-0002-0012-9782

Publication Date July 22, 2024
Submission Date November 7, 2023
Acceptance Date March 20, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 12 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Engin, H., Kuzucu, F. C., & Gökbayrak, Z. (2024). Odun Çeliklerinin Mikroskobik İnceleme ve Görüntülenmesinde Farklı Boyama Tekniklerinin Kullanımı Üzerine Araştırmalar. ÇOMÜ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 12(1), 108-120. https://doi.org/10.33202/comuagri.1387460