Su Arıtımında Ultrases Uygulaması: Arıtma Yöntemlerine Farklı Bir Yaklaşım

Abstract

Su, organizmaların hayatta kalabilmesi için ihtiyaç duyulan etmenlerin başında gelir. İhtiyaç duyulan suyun kalitesi fiziksel, biyolojik ve kimyasal birçok parametre doğrultusunda belirlenir. Gerekli parametre özelliklerini sağlamayan suların arıtılması gerekmektedir. Su arıtılmasında genel olarak kullanılan yöntemlerden bazıları çözünmüş oksijenle havalandırma, havuz ve filtrelerin kaplanması, ileri oksidasyon süreçleri, ozonlama, bakır sülfat ve potasyum permanganat kullanımı, koagülasyon / yumaklaştırma, baloncuk bölünmesi, koyu çamurun darbeli berraklaştırılması, havalandırma, ozonlu yumaklaştırma ve katalitik süreçtir. Bu yöntemlere ek olarak çevreye daha az zarar veren ve maliyeti düşürmeyi hedefleyen çeşitli yöntemler araştırılmaya başlanmıştır.  Son zamanlarda kullanılmaya başlanılan yenilikçi yöntemlerden biri de ultrases uygulamasıdır. Ultrasesin özelliği, dalga frekansının 20.000 Hz (20 kHz) ve üzerinde olmasıdır. Ultrasesin temel çalışma prensibi ise kavitasyon fenomenine eşlik eden lokal yüksek sıcaklık, basınç ve serbest reaktif radikal türlerin oluşmasıdır. İkincil bir kirliliğe neden olmaması sebebiyle çevreci bir uygulama olarak adlandırılır. Yüksek etkinlikte bir yöntem olarak kabul görür. Ultrases, alg patlamaları, bakteriyal kontaminasyon ve atık maddelerin sularda ikincil bir kirliliğe yol açmadan arıtımı için en uygun yöntemlerden biridir. Sesin frekansı, gücü ve süresine göre sucul kirliliğe ve alg büyümesine olan etki yüzdesi değişmektedir. Etkinlik oranı aynı zamanda başka temizleyicilerle (H₂O₂, TiO₂, UV, ClO_2, O₃, Fenton süreci v.b.) birlikte kullanımda da genel olarak değişmektedir. Çalışmamızda, geliştirilme sürecinde olan ultrasesin kullanımı incelenmiş ve etkinlik değerlendirilmesi yapılmıştır. Tüm bunların sonucunda, ultrases tekniğinin sudaki alg kontrolü, bakteriyal kontaminasyon ve diğer kirleticilerin temizliğindeki kullanımının yaygınlaştırılmasının önerilebilirliği tartışılmıştır.

 

Keywords

• Ultrases,Alg temizliği,Su dezenfeksiyonu,Kavitasyon,Frekans,Su kirliliğİ

An Application of Ultrasound for Water Treatment: A Different Approach to Treatment Methods

Abstract

It is clear that water is one of the essential substances for living system and it is necessary for human survival on the earth. The quality of water is determined by many factors such as physical, chemical or biological parameters. Water that doesn’t meet the requirements should be treated. Some of the major methods used in water treatment are dissolved air flotation, covering of basins and filters, ozonation, coagulation/flocculation, copper sulphate and potassium permanganate, aeration, bubble curtains, pulsed sludge blanket clarification, ozoflotation, catalytic processes, advanced oxidation processes. In addition to these methods, new techniques that are less harmful on environment and cost effective have been studied. Use of ultrasound is one of the recently applied techniques. The main characteristics of the ultrasound is its frequency which is 20,000 Hz (20 kHz) or above. The working principle of the ultrasound is the local high temperature, pressure and free reactive species accompanied with cavitation phenomenon. Since it doesn’t cause a secondary pollution it is named to be an environmental-friendly application. It is also considered to be a highly efficient technique. It is one of the best methods used to avoid secondary water contamination caused by algal blooms, bacterial contamination and waste materials. Efficiency of this method on aquatic pollution and algal growth vary depending on the frequency, power, and applied time. Efficiency rate may vary also depending on the use of this technique along with some other agents (H2O2, TiO2, UV, ClO2, O3, Fenton process etc.). In this study, application and efficiency of ultrasound that is in the process of development was discussed. As a result, use of ultrasound technique in aquatic algal control, bacterial contamination and removal of other pollutants were discussed.

Keywords

• Ultrasound,Algae cleaning,Water disinfection,Cavitation,Frequency,Water pollution

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