Theoretical Potentials and Utilization Capacities of Afghanistan’s Renewable Energy Resource

Year 2019, Volume: 5 Issue: 1, 157 - 186, 30.05.2019

Abdul Maroof Shirzad İsmail Tarhan

https://doi.org/10.28979/comufbed.541371

Abstract

Afghanistan
is one of the countries where its population has the lowest access to
electricity in the world although the studies show that it is rich in both
significant renewable energy potential and conventional energy reserves. Since
Afghanistan has adequate natural and geographical conditions, it can benefit
significantly from renewable energy resources such as hydro, solar, geothermal,
biomass, wind and biomass. Even though Afghanistan has enough areas for
utilization of alternative resources, most of the infrastructures (particularly
national grids) were destroyed during the last decades because of war and
instability. Therefore, the majority of electricity demands are imported from
central Asian countries and Iran. This cause higher cost for energy, and other
problems as well. According to public sector organizations and departments
under leadership of the Ministry of Energy and Water of the country, although Afghanistan
does not have any network system for renewable energy excluding hydropower
system, does not have any network system, so many projects have been done in
this regard. From the theoretical point of view, utilization of renewable
energy in Afghanistan can play a very important role (especially in the rural
areas where majority of Afghan Nation live there) not only to supply
sustainable energy for its population but also it contributes for sustainable
economic development. The main purpose of this study is to attempt to compile,
examine and discuss the theoretical potential, current and future use
capacities of renewable energy sources in Afghanistan by considering other
studies.

Keywords

Afghanistan, alternative energy resources, electricity networks, renewable energy

Afganistan’ın Yenilenebilir Enerji Kaynaklarının Teorik Potansiyelleri ve Kullanım Kapasiteleri

Abstract

Afganistan halkı dünya ölçeğinde en
düşük elektrik kullanım oranına sahip olmasına rağmen yapılan çalışmalar, bu
ülkenin hem önemli yenilenebilir enerji
potansiyeli hem de geleneksel enerji rezervleri bakımından oldukça zengin
olduğunu göstermektedir. Afganistan, doğal ve coğrafi olarak güneş, rüzgar,
hidro, jeotermal ve biyokütle gibi yenilenebilir enerji kaynakları bakımından
uygun coğrafi konumda olduğu için çok önemli bir ölçüde bu kaynaklardan
faydalanabilir potansiyele sahiptir. Ayrıca, alternatif enerji kaynakların
kullanımı için yeterli ve uygun arazilere sahip bir ülkedir. Tüm bunlara
rağmen, altyapıların çoğu özellikle ulusal şebekeler, son birkaç on yıl içinde ülkedeki
savaş ve istikrarsızlık sırasında tahrip edilmiştir. Bu nedenle, Afganistan
elektrik ihtiyacını çoğunlukla Türkmenistan, Özbekistan, Tacikistan ve İran
gibi komşu ülkelerden ithal etmektedir. Afganistan’daki Enerji ve Su
Bakanlığı’nın      (ESB) liderliği altında elektrik üretimi
ile ilgili çalışmakta olan şubeler ve kamu sektörlerine göre, ülkede
hidroelektrik sistemi hariç, yenilenebilir enerji kaynakları için şebeke
ölçeğinde bir sistem bulunmamasına rağmen, bu kaynaklarla ilgili birçok proje çalışması
yapılmaktadır. Teorik açıdan, Afganistan'da
yenilenebilir enerjinin kullanımı, çoğunlukla kırsal bölgelerde yaşayan  Afgan halkı için
sadece sürdürülebilir bir enerjinin sağlanmasına değil, ayrıca
ülkede sürdürülebilir ekonomik kalkınmaya
katkı sağlayacaktır. Bu çalışmanın temel amacı diğer
kaynaklardan da faydalanarak Afganistan’daki
yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklarının
teorik potansiyellerini, mevcut ve gelecekteki kullanım
kapasitelerini derleyerek, irdelemeye ve tartışmaya çalışmaktır. 

Keywords

Afganistan, alternatif enerji kaynakları, elektrik şebekeleri, yenilenebilir enerji

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