Research Article

Trust in the Coach Scale: A Revision Study

Volume: 9 Number: 2026 March 24, 2026
TR EN

Trust in the Coach Scale: A Revision Study

Abstract

Purpose: This study aims to broaden the scope of the Trust in Coach Scale adapted into Turkish by Doğru (2020), and to test its applicability in team/individual sports, Olympic/non-Olympic sports, and across different age groups. Method: The study included 282 volunteer athletes (aged 10-45 years) from 12 different sports branches (4 team sports, 8 individual sports). The factor structure was tested using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) in JASP 0.95.4. Due to violation of multivariate normality, the Robust Maximum Likelihood (MLR) estimator was employed. Inter-factor relationships were examined using Spearman correlation analysis. Reliability was assessed with Cronbach's α and McDonald's ω coefficients, while convergent and discriminant validity were evaluated through AVE (Average Variance Extracted) and HTMT (Heterotrait-Monotrait Ratio of Correlations) values. Results: CFA results revealed that the eight-factor structure demonstrated good fit (χ²/df = 1.93, RMSEA = 0.057, CFI = 0.951, SRMR = 0.048). Factor loadings ranged from 0.634 to 0.893, all statistically significant (p < 0.001). Cronbach's α coefficients ranged from 0.761 to 0.873, and McDonald's ω coefficients ranged from 0.761 to 0.879. AVE values ranged from 0.540 to 0.752, while all HTMT values were below 0.85. Inter-factor correlations ranged from 0.262 to 0.679. Conclusion: The Trust in Coach Scale – Revision form (TCS-R) was found to be a valid and reliable measurement tool applicable across different sports branches, age groups, and school sport contexts. The scale is expected to contribute to researchers working in sport sciences and practitioners examining the coach-athlete relationship.

Keywords

Ethical Statement

This study was conducted in accordance with ethical rules following the receipt of ethical approval.

Thanks

I would like to express my gratitude to the experts who provided valuable contributions to the content validity and linguistic appropriateness of the scale items. I extend my thanks to the faculty members who contributed with their insights in the field of sports sciences: Prof. Dr. Yılmaz Uçan, Assoc. Prof. Dr. Yetkin Utku Kamuk, Assist. Prof. Dr. Abdusselam Turgut, and Assist. Prof. Dr. Fatih Evli. I am also grateful to the Turkish language teachers who meticulously evaluated the scale items in terms of grammar and meaning: Sertan Koray Yılmaz, İsmail Alıcı, Name Demirtaş, and Cem Cihan Erkul, as well as the Turkish Language and Literature teacher Belgin Uysal. Furthermore, I would like to thank all the athletes who voluntarily participated in the research and sincerely responded to the questionnaire items. This study would not have been possible without their dedicated contributions.

References

  1. Altıntaş, A., Çetinkalp, Z. K., & Aşçı, F. H. (2012). Antrenör-Sporcu İlişkisinin Değerlendirilmesi: Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması. Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 23(3), 119–128. https://doi.org/10.17644/sbd.171351
  2. Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2002). Faktör Analizi: Temel Kavramlar ve Ölçek Geliştirmede Kullanımı. Kuram ve Uygulamada Eğitim Yönetimi, 32(32), 470–483.
  3. Çokluk, Ö., Şekercioğlu, G., & Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2018). Sosyal Bilimler İçin Çok Değişkenli İstatistik (5th ed.). Pegem Akademi.
  4. Doğan, N., & Başokçu, T. O. (2010). İstatistik Tutum Ölçeği İçin Uygulanan Faktör Analizi ve Aşamalı Kümeleme Analizi Sonuçlarının Karşılaştırılması. Journal of Measurement and Evaluation in Education and Psychology, 1(2), 65–71.
  5. Doğru, Z. (2020). Adaptation of the Trust in the Coach Scale into Turkish: Validity and Reliability Study. Ambient Science, 7(sp1), 227–231. https://doi.org/doi:DOI:10.21276/ambi.2020.07.sp1.ta12
  6. Fakazlı, A. E., & İlhan, E. L. (2021). The Role Conflict of Physical Education and Sport Teachers in Turkey: Teaching or Coaching? Journal of Human Sciences, 18(1), 48–66. https://doi.org/10.14687/jhs.v18i1.6112
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  8. Filiz, B., & Demirhan, G. (2017). Antrenörlük Davranışı Değerlendirme Ölçeği’nin Türk Kültürüne Uyarlanması. SPORMETRE Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 15(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1501/Sporm_0000000302

Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Sports Training, Sports Science and Exercise (Other)

Journal Section

Research Article

Publication Date

March 24, 2026

Submission Date

March 4, 2026

Acceptance Date

March 16, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 9 Number: 2026

APA
Doğru, Z. (2026). Trust in the Coach Scale: A Revision Study. 9(2026), 66-84. https://izlik.org/JA74RL29CS
AMA
1.Doğru Z. Trust in the Coach Scale: A Revision Study. 2026;9(2026):66-84. https://izlik.org/JA74RL29CS
Chicago
Doğru, Zafer. 2026. Trust in the Coach Scale: A Revision Study. 9 (2026): 66-84. https://izlik.org/JA74RL29CS.
EndNote
Doğru Z (March 1, 2026) Trust in the Coach Scale: A Revision Study. 9 2026 66–84.
IEEE
[1]Z. Doğru, “Trust in the Coach Scale: A Revision Study”, vol. 9, no. 2026, pp. 66–84, Mar. 2026, [Online]. Available: https://izlik.org/JA74RL29CS
ISNAD
Doğru, Zafer. “Trust in the Coach Scale: A Revision Study” 9/2026 (March 1, 2026): 66-84. https://izlik.org/JA74RL29CS.
JAMA
1.Doğru Z. Trust in the Coach Scale: A Revision Study. 2026;9:66–84.
MLA
Doğru, Zafer. Trust in the Coach Scale: A Revision Study. no. 2026, Mar. 2026, pp. 66-84, https://izlik.org/JA74RL29CS.
Vancouver
1.Zafer Doğru. Trust in the Coach Scale: A Revision Study [Internet]. Vols. 9. 2026 Mar. 1;9(2026):66-84. Available from: https://izlik.org/JA74RL29CS

For the articles to be published in 2026 in the ÇOMÜ Journal of Sports Sciences, an international, peer-reviewed journal covering studies in the field of Sports Sciences, original research and review articles written in English within the scope of the journal will be accepted.

In this context, manuscripts for the 2026 publication period may be submitted until the end of November 2026.

Kind regards,

Editor
Prof. Dr. Hürmüz KOÇ