ELEKTRİKLİ ARAÇ TEKNOLOJİSİ, EKONOMİ VE ULAŞIM SEKTÖRÜ: DOĞU ANADOLU BÖLGESİ ÖRNEĞİ

Öz

Tarihsel süreçte teknolojinin etkisi ile araç sistemleri değişmiş ve elektrikle çalışan araçlar ortaya çıkmıştır. 19. yüzyılda yaşanan gelişmeler ile ortaya çıkan elektrikli araçlar, çevre bilincinin de artması ile birlikte daha önemli hale gelmiştir. Ancak halen Türkiye gibi birçok ülkede elektrikli araçlara verilen önemin ve altyapı çalışmalarının yeterli olmadığı görülmektedir. Özellikle Doğu Anadolu Bölgesi’nde bulunan illerde elektrikli araçlar için yeterli altyapı sağlanamamıştır. Öte yandan bölgede bulunan illerde hava kirliliği oluşumuna çeşitli faktörler neden olabilir. Bu kirlilik üzerinde karayolu ulaşımının da etkisi bulunabilir. Bu durumda sürdürülebilirliğin sağlanmasını güç hale getirebilir. Bu bağlamda karayolu ulaşımından kaynaklanan CO2 emisyonunun belirlenmesi hangi il için ne düzeyde bir tedbir alınması gerektiğinin belirlenmesi ve buna uygun çözüm önerileri getirilmesi bakımından önemlidir. Bu nedenle bu çalışmada, 2010 ve 2023 yıllarında Doğu Anadolu Bölgesi’nde bulunan illerin karayolu ulaşım emisyonunu belirlemek amaçlanmaktadır. Bunun için IPCC tarafından önerilen yaklaşımlar arasında bulunan Tier 1 yöntemi kullanılarak hesaplama yapılmaktadır. Elde edilen sonuca göre, 2023 yılında en fazla CO2 emisyonu oluşumuna 737,83 GgCO2 ile Malatya ilinin neden olduğu görülmektedir. Bunu 672,67 GgCO2 ile Erzurum, 613,25 GgCO2 ile Elazığ, 510,38 GgCO2 ile Van takip etmektedir. Dolayısıyla başta emisyonun yüksek olduğu iller olmak üzere emisyon artışı yüksek olan tüm iller için emisyon seviyesinde azaltıcı etkide bulunacak uygulama ve politika düzenlemelerine ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Aksi takdirde bu emisyon seviyesi daha çok yükselerek ağır boyutlara ulaşabilir. Bunun için bölgede elektrik araç kullanımının yaygınlaştırılması için öncelikle bu araçlara yönelik ekonomik ve teknolojik konularda iyileştirmeler yapılması gerekmektedir. Bu sayede özellikle enerji, ekonomi, ulaşım ve çevre gibi alanlarda küresel boyutta sürdürülebilirliğin gerçekleşmesine katkı sağlanabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Elektrikli Araç Teknolojisi
• Ekonomi
• Ulaşım

ELECTRIC VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY, ECONOMY AND TRANSPORTATION SECTOR: THE EXAMPLE OF THE EASTERN ANATOLIA REGION

Öz

In the historical process, vehicle systems have changed with the influence of technology and electric vehicles have emerged. Electric vehicles, which emerged with the developments in the 19th century, have become more important with the increase in environmental awareness. However, it is still seen that the importance given to electric vehicles and infrastructure works are not sufficient in many countries such as Türkiye. Especially in the provinces in the Eastern Anatolia Region, sufficient infrastructure for electric vehicles has not been provided. On the other hand, various factors may cause air pollution in the provinces in the region. Road transportation may also have an impact on this pollution. In this case, it may make it difficult to ensure sustainability. In this context, determining the CO2 emissions resulting from road transportation is important in determining what level of precautions should be taken for which province and suggesting appropriate solutions. Therefore, this study aims to determine the road transportation emissions of the provinces in the Eastern Anatolia Region between 2010 and 2023. For this purpose, calculations are made using the Tier 1 method, which is among the approaches recommended by IPCC. According to the results obtained, it is seen that Malatya province caused the highest CO2 emissions in 2023 with 737.83 GgCO2 . This is followed by Erzurum with 672.67 GgCO2, Elazığ with 613.25 GgCO2 , and Van with 510.38 GgCO2. Therefore, implementation and policy regulations that will reduce the emission level are needed for all provinces with high emission increases, especially for the provinces with high emissions. Otherwise, this emission level may increase further and reach severe levels. For this reason, in order to popularize the use of electric vehicles in the region, it is necessary to make improvements in economic and technological matters regarding these vehicles. In this way, it can contribute to the realization of sustainability on a global scale, especially in areas such as energy, economy, transportation and environment.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Electric Vehicle Technology
• Economy
• Transportation

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