THE EFFECT OF PROACTIVE PERSONALITY ON ENTREPRENEURIAL INTENTION AMONG TEACHERS: THE MEDIATING ROLE OF GENERAL SELF-EFFICACY AND THE MODERATING ROLE OF PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING

Öz

This study investigates the impact of proactive personality on entrepreneurial intention, with a specific focus on the mediating role of general self-efficacy and the moderating role of psychological well-being. Drawing upon the Theory of Planned Behavior (Ajzen, 1991) and Social Cognitive Theory (Bandura, 1997), the study aims to uncover the psychological mechanisms that explain how proactive personality fosters entrepreneurial intention. Data were collected from 501 teachers working across various regions in Türkiye using validated measurement tools, including scales for proactive personality, general self-efficacy, psychological well-being, and entrepreneurial intention. The research model was tested using structural equation modeling (SEM) and Hayes’ PROCESS macro (Model 4 and Model 1), supported by bootstrapping with 5,000 resamples. The results reveal that proactive personality has a strong, direct, and significant effect on entrepreneurial intention (β=0.54, p<0.001). General self-efficacy partially mediates this relationship (indirect effect: β=0.20, 95% CI [0.09, 0.32], p<0.001). Additionally, psychological well-being significantly moderates the relationship between general self-efficacy and entrepreneurial intention (β=0.30, p<0.05), such that individuals with high psychological well-being exhibit a stronger link. Specifically, the effect of general self-efficacy on entrepreneurial intention was significantly stronger among individuals with higher psychological well-being (β=0.76, p<0.001) than those with lower levels (β=0.42, p<0.001). A moderated mediation analysis further confirmed that the strength of the mediation effect of self-efficacy varies based on psychological well-being. By integrating personality traits and well-being dimensions in a unified framework, this study contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of individual-level entrepreneurial processes. The study offers practical implications for educational institutions and organizations, suggesting that fostering proactive personality traits and enhancing psychological well-being through targeted training programs may significantly boost entrepreneurial potential.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Proactive Personality
• Entrepreneurial Intention
• General Self-Efficacy
• Psychological Well-Being
• Social Cognitive Theory.

ÖĞRETMENLERDE PROAKTİF KİŞİLİĞİN GİRİŞİMCİLİK NİYETİ ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİ: GENEL ÖZ YETERLİK İNANCININ ARACILIK VE PSİKOLOJİK İYİ OLUŞUN DÜZENLEYİCİLİK ROLÜ

Öz

Bu çalışma, proaktif kişiliğin girişimcilik niyeti üzerindeki etkisini incelemekte; bu ilişkide genel öz yeterlik inancının aracılık rolünü ve psikolojik iyi oluşun düzenleyici rolünü özel olarak analiz etmektedir. Araştırma, Planlı Davranış Teorisi (Ajzen, 1991) ve Sosyal Bilişsel Teori’ye (Bandura, 1997) dayandırılarak, proaktif kişiliğin girişimcilik niyetini nasıl şekillendirdiğine ilişkin psikolojik mekanizmaları ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktadır. Veriler, Türkiye’nin farklı bölgelerinde görev yapan 501 öğretmenden, geçerliliği kanıtlanmış ölçme araçları kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Araştırma modeli, yapısal eşitlik modellemesi ve Hayes’in PROCESS makrosu (Model 4 ve Model 1) ile test edilmiş, analizler 5000 örnekleme (bootstrapping) yöntemiyle desteklenmiştir. Bulgular, proaktif kişiliğin girişimcilik niyeti üzerinde güçlü, doğrudan ve anlamlı bir etkisi olduğunu göstermektedir (β=0.54, p<0.001). Genel öz yeterlik inancı bu ilişkide kısmi aracılık rolü üstlenmektedir (dolaylı etki: β=0.20, %95 GA [0.09, 0.32], p<0.001). Ayrıca psikolojik iyi oluş, genel öz yeterlik inancı ile girişimcilik niyeti arasındaki ilişkiyi anlamlı şekilde düzenlemektedir (β=0.30, p<0.05); yüksek psikolojik iyi oluşa sahip bireylerde bu ilişki daha güçlüdür (β=0.76, p<0.001), düşük seviyedeki bireylerde ise daha zayıftır (β=0.42, p<0.001). Yapılan düzenleyici aracılık analizi, genel öz yeterliğin aracılık etkisinin psikolojik iyi oluş düzeyine göre anlamlı biçimde değiştiğini göstermiştir. Kişilik özellikleri ile psikolojik iyi oluş boyutlarını bütüncül bir çerçevede ele alan bu çalışma, bireysel düzeydeki girişimcilik süreçlerine ilişkin daha kapsamlı bir anlayış sunmaktadır. Araştırma, eğitim kurumları ve örgütler için proaktif kişilik özelliklerini geliştirmeye ve psikolojik iyi oluşu artırmaya yönelik hedeflenmiş eğitim programlarının girişimcilik potansiyelini anlamlı ölçüde artırabileceğine işaret eden pratik öneriler sunmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Proaktif Kişilik
• Girişimcilik Niyeti
• Genel Öz Yeterlik
• Psikolojik İyi Oluş
• Sosyal Bilişsel Kuram.

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