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COVID-19, Misinformation and Communication Studies: A Systematic Review of the Infodemic

Year 2022, , 67 - 90, 26.07.2022

Oğuz Kuş , İlknur Doğu Öztürk

https://doi.org/10.26650/CONNECTIST2022-1028131

Abstract

This study aims to structure the available body of knowledge relating to the infodemic by means of a systematic review and explore it in a multidimensional manner by taking into account the speed of the propagation of misinformation, its fast-changing nature and effects. The study also aims to present the interaction between the field of communication and other fields of study within the framework of the ongoing infodemic. The studies for systematic review were gathered from internationally known scientific databases, namely the Web of Science Core Collection and Google Scholar, over two stages. A total of 46 studies were included in this systematic review. This study utilized an inductive research approach for systematic review. Using this approach, the authors’ identified the reasons for the propagation of misinformation during the COVID-19 pandemic in these papers. The authors also identified the effects of this misinformation, the methods of individuals, official and non-official actors to combat misinformation, the cultural factors and legal measures for combating misinformation, and the recommendations related to traditional media, the new media and other verification structures. The studies conducted in the field of communication were predominantly cited in studies conducted within Communication and Health & Health Care Sciences fields. A notable observation made in this study was that studies which focused on combating misinformation were cited more than other studies reviewed.

Keywords

COVID-19 infodemic misinformation social media systematic review

References

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  • Bento, A. I., Nguyen, T., Wing, C., Lozano-Rojas, F., Ahn, Y. Y. & Simon, K. (2020). Evidence from internet search data shows information-seeking responses to news of local COVID-19 cases. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 117(21), 11220-11222. google scholar
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  • Givas, N. (2020, 20 March). WHO haunted by old tweet saying China found no human transmission of coronavirus. Retrieved from https://nypost.com/2020/03/20/who-haunted-by-old-tweet-saying-china-found-no-human-transmission-of-coronavirus/ google scholar
  • Grada, A. D. V., & Martı'nez, V. C. (2020). Fake news during the Covid-19 pandemic in Spain: a study through Google Trends. Revista Latina de Comunicacion Social, (78), 169-182. google scholar
  • Graham, S. S. (2021). Misinformation ınoculation and literacy support tweetorials on COVID-19. Journal of Business and Technical Communication, 35(1), 7-14. https://doi.org/10.1177/1050651920958505 google scholar
  • Haman, M. (2020). The use of Twitter by state leaders and its impact on the public during the COVID-19 pandemic. Heliyon, 6(11), e05540. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05540 google scholar
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COVID-19, Yanlış Bilgi ve İletişim Çalışmaları: İnfodemi Üzerine Sistematik Bir Gözden Geçirme

Year 2022, , 67 - 90, 26.07.2022

Oğuz Kuş , İlknur Doğu Öztürk

https://doi.org/10.26650/CONNECTIST2022-1028131

Abstract

Bu çalışma COVID-19 salgınında yanlış bilginin yayılma hızını, hızlı dönüşen yapısını ve etkilerini göz önünde bulundurarak; bir sistematik gözden geçirme aracılığıyla infodemiye yönelik bilgi birikimini yapılandırmayı ve onu çok boyutlu bir şekilde keşfetmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Ayrıca, infodemi konusu çerçevesinde iletişim disiplini ve diğer disiplinlerin etkileşimini ortaya koymak çalışmanın amaçları arasındadır. Bu çalışma kapsamında değerlendirilen araştırmalar, sistematik gözden geçirmeye dahil etmek üzere uluslararası ölçekte tanınan bilimsel veritabanları Web of Science Core Collection ve Google Scholar’da iki aşamalı bir süreç ile aranmış ve 46 çalışma sistematik gözden geçirmeye dahil edilmiştir. Tümevarımcı bir araştırma perspektifiyle gerçekleştirilen sistematik gözden geçirme sonucunda COVID-19 salgını sürecinde yanlış bilgiyi ortaya çıkaran sebepler ve etkileri; bireysel, resmi ve gayrı-resmi aktörlerin yanlış bilgi ile mücadele yöntemleri; yanlış bilgi ile mücadelede kültürel faktörler; yasal önlemler ve geleneksel medya, yeni medya ve diğer doğrulama oluşumlarına yönelik tavsiyeler elde edilmiştir. İletişim alanında gerçekleştirilen bilimsel çalışmalara en çok İletişim ve Sağlık Bilimleri alanlarında yapılan bilimsel çalışmalarda atıf yapıldığı gözlemlenmiştir. Yanlış bilgi ile mücadele konusu ana odak noktası olan iletişim çalışmalarının farklı alanlardaki araştırmalar tarafından sistematik gözden geçirmedeki diğer çalışmalara kıyasla daha fazla alıntılandığı gözlemlenmiştir.

Keywords

COVID-19 infodemi yanlış bilgi sosyal medya sistematik gözden geçirme

References

  • Al-Zaman, M. S. (2020). Politics meets healthcare? Religious misinformation in India during the COVID-19 pandemic. Jurnal Sosial Humaniora, 13(2), 146. https://doi.org/10.12962/j24433527.v13i2.8119 google scholar
  • Ali, S. (2020). Combatting against covid-19 & misinformation: A systematic review. Human Arenas. doi: 10.1007/ s42087-020-00139-1 google scholar
  • Alias, N. R. (2020). An analysis of the academic literatüre on fake news during covid-19 pandemic. 4(2), 40-48. Retrieved from https://www.jcssr.com.my/index.php/jcssr/article/view/70 google scholar
  • Alimardani, M. & Elswah, M. (2020). Online temptations: COVID-19 and religious misinformation in the MENA Region. Social Media and Society, 6(3), 4-7. https://doi.org/10.1177/2056305120948251 google scholar
  • Arnot, M., Brandl, E., Campbell, O. L. K., Chen, Y., Du, J., Dyble, M., ... Zhang, H. (2020). How evolutionary behavioural sciences can help us understand behaviour in a pandemic. Evolution, Medicine and Public Health, 2020(1), 264-278. https://doi.org/10.1093/EMPH/EOAA038 google scholar
  • Atehortua, N. A. & Patino, S. (2021). COVID-19, a tale of two pandemics: Novel coronavirus and fake news messaging. Health promotion international, 36(2), 524-534. https://doi.org/10.1093/heapro/daaa140 google scholar
  • Bento, A. I., Nguyen, T., Wing, C., Lozano-Rojas, F., Ahn, Y. Y. & Simon, K. (2020). Evidence from internet search data shows information-seeking responses to news of local COVID-19 cases. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 117(21), 11220-11222. google scholar
  • Binark, M., Arun, Ö., Özsoy, D., Kandemir, B. & Şahinkaya, G. (2022). Information seeking and information evaluation of older adults in the Covid-19 pandemic: Tübitak Sobag Project No: 120k613. Association for Aging Studies Publication. google scholar
  • Bogomoletc, E. & Lee, N. M. (2021). Frozen meat against COVID-19 misinformation: An analysis of steak-Umm and positive expectancy violations. Journal of Business and Technical Communication, 35(1), 118-125. https://doi.org/10.1177/1050651920959187 google scholar Breakwell, G. M. & Jaspal, R. (2020). Identity change, uncertainty and mistrust in relation to fear and risk of COVID-19. Journal of Risk Research, 0(0), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1080/13669877.2020.1864011 google scholar Carrapico, H. & Farrand, B. (2020). Discursive continuity and change in the time of Covid-19: the case of EU cybersecurity policy. Journal of European Integration, 42(8), 1111-1126. https://doi.org/10.1080/07036337.2 020.1853122 google scholar
  • Cuan-Baltazar, J. Y., Munoz-Perez, M. J., Robledo-Vega, C., Perez-Zepeda, M. F., & Soto-Vega, E. (2020). Misinformation of COVID-19 on the internet: Infodemiology study. JMIR Public Health and Surveillance, 6(2), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.2196/18444 google scholar
  • Duplaga, M. (2020). The determinants of conspiracy beliefs related to the COVID-19 pandemic in a nationally representative sample of internet users. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(21), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17217818 google scholar
  • Duplaga, M. & Grysztar, M. (2021). The Association between future anxiety, health literacy and the perception of the COVID-19 pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study. Healthcare, 9(1), 43. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9010043 google scholar
  • EKas, C., & Catalan-Matamoros, D. (2020). Coronavirus in Spain: Fear of ‘official' fake news boosts WhatsApp and alternative sources. Media and Communication, 8(2), 462-466. google scholar
  • El-Gilany, A. H. (2020). Infodemics of COVID-19 pandemic. Türkiye Halk Sağlığı Dergisi, 18(Special issue), 86-95. google scholar
  • Facebook Newsroom (2020, March 25). Combating Misinformation. Retrieved from https://about.fb.com/news/ tag/misinformation/ google scholar
  • Falcone, R. & Sapienza, A. (2020). How COVID-19 changed the information needs of Italian citizens. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(19), 1-19. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17196988 google scholar
  • Fallis, D. (2014). A functional analysis of disinformation. Proceedings of iConference. Retrieved from https:// www.ideals.illinois.edu/handle/2142/15205 google scholar
  • Fetzer, J. H. (2004). Information: Does it have to be true? Minds and Machines, 14(2), 223-229. https://doi. org/10.1023/B:MIND.0000021682.61365.56 google scholar
  • Figueira, Â. & Oliveira, L. (2017). The current state of fake news: Challenges and opportunities. Procedia Computer Science, 121, 817-825. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2017.11.106 google scholar
  • Givas, N. (2020, 20 March). WHO haunted by old tweet saying China found no human transmission of coronavirus. Retrieved from https://nypost.com/2020/03/20/who-haunted-by-old-tweet-saying-china-found-no-human-transmission-of-coronavirus/ google scholar
  • Grada, A. D. V., & Martı'nez, V. C. (2020). Fake news during the Covid-19 pandemic in Spain: a study through Google Trends. Revista Latina de Comunicacion Social, (78), 169-182. google scholar
  • Graham, S. S. (2021). Misinformation ınoculation and literacy support tweetorials on COVID-19. Journal of Business and Technical Communication, 35(1), 7-14. https://doi.org/10.1177/1050651920958505 google scholar
  • Haman, M. (2020). The use of Twitter by state leaders and its impact on the public during the COVID-19 pandemic. Heliyon, 6(11), e05540. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05540 google scholar
  • Harmatiy, O. (2020). Media and scientific literacy development within the fFramework of public engagement with Science. Media Education (Mediaobrazovanie), 60(4), 636-644. https://doi.Org/10.13187/me.2020.4.636 google scholar
  • Hornik, R., Kikut, A., Jesch, E., Woko, C., Siegel, L. & Kim, K. (2021). Association of COVID-19 misinformation with face mask wearing and social distancing in a nationally representative US sample. Health Communication, 36(1), 6-14. https://doi.org/10.1080/10410236.2020.1847437 google scholar
  • Huang, Y. L., Starbird, K., Orand, M., Stanek, S. A. & Pedersen, H. T. (2015, February). Connected through crisis: Emotional proximity and the spread of misinformation online. In Proceedings of the 18th ACM conference on computer supported cooperative work & social computing (pp. 969-980). google scholar
  • Kim, H. K., Ahn, J., Atkinson, L., & Kahlor, L. A. (2020). Effects of COVID-19 misinformation on information seeking, avoidance, and processing: A multicountry comparative study. Science Communication, 42(5), 586-615. google scholar
  • King, A. J. & Lazard, A. J. (2020). Advancing visual health communication research to ımprove ınfodemic response. Health Communication, 35(14), 1723-1728. https://doi.org/10.1080/10410236.2020.1838094 google scholar
  • Koerber, A. (2021). Is ıt fake news or ıs ıt open science? Science communication in the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Business and Technical Communication, 35(1), 22-27. https://doi.org/10.1177/1050651920958506 google scholar
  • Kolata, G. & Rabin, R. C. (2020, 8 October). ‘Don’t be afraid of Covid,’ Trump says, undermining public health messages. The NewYork Times. Retrieved from https://www.nytimes.com/2020/10/05/health/trump-covid-public-health.html google scholar
  • Kumar, S., West, R., & Leskovec, J. (2016, April). Disinformation on the web: Impact, characteristics, and detection of wikipedia hoaxes. In Proceedings of the 25th international conference on World Wide Web (pp. 591-602). Retrieved from https://dl.acm.org/doi/abs/10.1145/2872427.2883085 google scholar
  • Li, B. & Scott, O. (2020). Fake news travels fast: Exploring misinformation circulated around Wu Lei’s coronavirus case. International Journal of Sport Communication, 13(3), 505-513. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsc.2020-0056 google scholar
  • Lin, C. A. (2020). A uear like no other: A call to curb the ınfodemic and depoliticize a pandemic crisis. Journal of Broadcasting and Electronic Media, 64(5), 661-671. https://doi.org/10.1080/08838151.2020.1871185 google scholar
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There are 57 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Communication and Media Studies
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Oğuz Kuş 0000-0002-2593-4980

İlknur Doğu Öztürk 0000-0001-6459-0845

Publication Date July 26, 2022
Submission Date November 25, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2022

Cite

APA Kuş, O., & Doğu Öztürk, İ. (2022). COVID-19, Misinformation and Communication Studies: A Systematic Review of the Infodemic. Connectist: Istanbul University Journal of Communication Sciences(62), 67-90. https://doi.org/10.26650/CONNECTIST2022-1028131
AMA Kuş O, Doğu Öztürk İ. COVID-19, Misinformation and Communication Studies: A Systematic Review of the Infodemic. Connectist: Istanbul University Journal of Communication Sciences. July 2022;(62):67-90. doi:10.26650/CONNECTIST2022-1028131
Chicago Kuş, Oğuz, and İlknur Doğu Öztürk. “COVID-19, Misinformation and Communication Studies: A Systematic Review of the Infodemic”. Connectist: Istanbul University Journal of Communication Sciences, no. 62 (July 2022): 67-90. https://doi.org/10.26650/CONNECTIST2022-1028131.
EndNote Kuş O, Doğu Öztürk İ (July 1, 2022) COVID-19, Misinformation and Communication Studies: A Systematic Review of the Infodemic. Connectist: Istanbul University Journal of Communication Sciences 62 67–90.
IEEE O. Kuş and İ. Doğu Öztürk, “COVID-19, Misinformation and Communication Studies: A Systematic Review of the Infodemic”, Connectist: Istanbul University Journal of Communication Sciences, no. 62, pp. 67–90, July 2022, doi: 10.26650/CONNECTIST2022-1028131.
ISNAD Kuş, Oğuz - Doğu Öztürk, İlknur. “COVID-19, Misinformation and Communication Studies: A Systematic Review of the Infodemic”. Connectist: Istanbul University Journal of Communication Sciences 62 (July 2022), 67-90. https://doi.org/10.26650/CONNECTIST2022-1028131.
JAMA Kuş O, Doğu Öztürk İ. COVID-19, Misinformation and Communication Studies: A Systematic Review of the Infodemic. Connectist: Istanbul University Journal of Communication Sciences. 2022;:67–90.
MLA Kuş, Oğuz and İlknur Doğu Öztürk. “COVID-19, Misinformation and Communication Studies: A Systematic Review of the Infodemic”. Connectist: Istanbul University Journal of Communication Sciences, no. 62, 2022, pp. 67-90, doi:10.26650/CONNECTIST2022-1028131.
Vancouver Kuş O, Doğu Öztürk İ. COVID-19, Misinformation and Communication Studies: A Systematic Review of the Infodemic. Connectist: Istanbul University Journal of Communication Sciences. 2022(62):67-90.