Ageism During the Covid-19 Pandemic: Discussion and Recommendations

Year 2021, Issue: 60, 63 - 90, 16.07.2021

H. Andaç Demirtaş Madran

Abstract

The spread of the coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) was labeled a “pandemic” by the World Health Organization on March 11, 2020. It has caused not only health-related issues but also economic, educational, psychological, and social problems. Further, discrimination associated with the pandemic has been observed around the globe. Besides the obvious negative consequences faced by the individuals targeted, pandemic-related discrimination has affected the spread of the virus by influencing public attitudes toward disease prevention and the restrictions imposed by authorities. Discrimination toward foreigners, minorities, and certain religious groups (e.g., Muslims) increased during this period. Additionally, the pandemic saw ageism spread rapidly to become more visible than ever. Acknowledging that Covid-19 poses a higher risk for individuals over a certain age, several countries implemented restrictions specific to those age groups. However, this practice resulted in the emergence of problems that were not considered initially, especially the escalation of ageism. This study examines ageism during the Covid-19 pandemic based on major theories and current research. First, discrimination and ageism are defined in detail. Then, pandemic-related ageism is discussed within the framework of basic theoretical approaches. Finally, recommendations for preventing ageism related to the pandemic and in general are presented.

Keywords

Prejudice, discrimination, ageism, age-based discrimination, covid-19

Ayrımcılığa Covid-19 Sürecinden Bir Bakış: Temel Kuramlar, Yaşçılık Tartışmaları ve Öneriler

Abstract

İlk olarak 2019 yılının aralık ayı sonunda Çin’in Wuhan eyaletinde belirlenmiş olan yeni tip koronavirüs, Dünya Sağlık Örgütü tarafından 11 Mart 2020’de “pandemi” olarak nitelendirilmiştir. Covid-19 pandemisi sadece fiziksel sağlığı etkilemememiş, tüm dünyada ekonomik, eğitimsel, psikolojik ve toplumsal sorunlara yol açmıştır. Şiddet olaylarını tetikleyen “ayrımcılık” eğiliminde de belirgin bir artış olduğu, önyargı ve ayrımcılığın salgınla aynı hızda tüm dünyaya yayıldığı gözlenmiştir. Bu tür olağanüstü durumlarda yaşanan ayrımcılığın kalıcı ve değişime dirençli olduğu bilinmektedir. Bu ayrımcılık türü kurbanlarda yarattığı hasarın yanı sıra, halkın önlemlere ve kısıtlamalara yönelik tutumlarına, sağlıkla ilgili politikaların oluşturulmasına da etki etmektedir. Bu nedenle son derece önemli bir insanlık sorunu olan ayrımcılıkla bu tür özel durumlarda daha güçlü bir şekilde mücadele etmek gerekmektedir. Varlığından çok haberdar olunmayan bir ayrımcılık türü olan “yaşçılık” da bu dönemde hızla yayılmıştır. Bu makalede Covid-19 salgını döneminde artan yaşçılığı temel kuramlar ve güncel bulgular ışığında irdelemek amaçlanmaktadır. Bu amaçla, öncelikle ayrımcılık ve yaşçılık üzerinde durulmuş ve ilgili kavramlar tanımlanmıştır. Ardından Psikanalitik Kuram, Evrimsel Yaklaşım, Sosyal Kimlik Kuramı, Yükleme Kuramı ve Terör Yönetimi Kuramı gibi temel kuramsal yaklaşımların yaşçılığa ilişkin açıklamaları üzerinde durulmuştur. Ayrımcılığın pandemi dönemlerine özgü doğası ve bu süreçte tırmanan yaşçılık ilgili kuramlar rehberliğinde irdelenmiş, Covid-19 salgını sırasında tüm dünyada ve Türkiye’de yaşçılığın ortaya çıkış şekilleri güncel araştırma bulguları doğrultusunda ele alınmış, konunun medyaya yansıyışı üzerinde durulmuştur. Son olarak, bu süreçte yaşçılıkla mücadele etmek için altının çizilmesi gereken gerçekler ve çözüm önerileri tartışılmıştır. Sonuç olarak bu çalışmada güncel araştırmalar ışığında Covid-19 pandemisi döneminde tüm dünyada ayrımcılık eğiliminde belirgin bir artış gözlendiği, ancak özellikle yaşçılığın belirli yaş gruplarındaki bireylere dayatılan kısıtlamaların da etkisiyle salgınla aynı hızda yayıldığı ortaya konmuştur. Bu durumun, bilimsel bulgularla belgelenen olumsuz sonuçları da gözönüne alındığında, çok disiplinli bir yaklaşım gözetilerek yürütülecek bir mücadeleyi gerektirdiği açıktır.

Keywords

Önyargı, ayrımcılık, yaşçılık, yaşa dayalı ayrımcılık, Covid-19

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