Content Structure of University Radio Stations in Turkey As Part of Their Broadcast Policy

Year 2021, Issue: 61, 213 - 240, 31.12.2021

Fırat Tufan Sedat Kökat Zeynep Ekin Bal

https://doi.org/10.26650/CONNECTIST2021-907123

Abstract

The aim of this study was to examine to what extent university radio stations in Turkey are an alternative to popular, commercial radio stations by analyzing the program content and general approaches within the framework of their music and program policies. Using the qualitative research method, in-depth interviews were carried out with the employees and representatives of 25 public and 9 foundation university radio stations across various regions and different cities of Turkey. Twenty university radio stations were examined on site by direct observations and face-to-face interviews, and we interviewed the representatives of 14 university radio stations via telephone or video communication. All interviewees were asked the same semistructured questions. Furthermore, the supervisors of the 11 sample radio stations who archive their programs regularly selected some of the programs and shared their archives with the researchers. These selected programs were analyzed in terms of the duration of talk and music, and categorized according to the production elements. It was found that university radio stations in Turkey have problems with content production for various reasons and are exposed to certain restrictions. Therefore, in contrast to international practices and the existing literature, they have content similar to that of commercial radio stations, rather than broadcasting alternative content.

Keywords

Radio, university radio stations, content structure, alternative broadcasting, community broadcasting

Supporting Institution

Türkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Araştırma Kurumu (TÜBİTAK)

Project Number

119K088

Thanks

We appreciate the support given by the TUBITAK to our project entitled "All Aspects of University Radio Broadcasting in Turkey: Situation Analysis on Opportunities and Challenges" (Project number: 119K088)

Türkiye’deki Üniversite Radyolarının Yayın Politikaları Kapsamında İçerik Yapılanması

Abstract

 Bu çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye’deki üniversite radyolarının müzik ve program politikaları çerçevesinde içerik ve yaklaşımlarının incelenmesi sonucunda ne boyutta alternatif radyo özelliği sergilediklerini saptamaya çalışmaktır. Nitel araştırma yöntemiyle gerçekleştirilen bu çalışma kapsamında, Türkiye’nin çeşitli bölgelerinden ve farklı şehirlerden 25 devlet üniversitesi ve 9 vakıf üniversitesine bağlı üniversite radyosunun sorumlu ve çalışanlarıyla derinlemesine görüşmeler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Yirmi üniversite radyosu yerinde incelenmiş, gözlem yapılarak değerlendirilmiş ve bu radyoların katılımcıları ile yüz yüze görüşme gerçekleştirilmişken, 14 üniversite radyosunun katılımcısı ile telefon ya da internet aracılığıyla görüşülmüştür. Görüşülen tüm katılımcılara aynı yarı yapılandırılmış sorular sorulmuştur. Bununla birlikte, örneklemde bulunan, arşiv programlarının kaydını düzenli olarak tutan ve bu program kayıtlarını araştırmacılarla paylaşmakta sakınca görmeyen 11 radyonun sorumluları tarafından seçilen bazı programları, söz, müzik ve içerik unsurları bakımından analize tabi tutulmuş ve yapım unsurlarına göre kategorize edilmiştir. Türkiye’deki üniversite radyolarının pek çok gerekçe ile içerik üretimi konusunda sorunlar yaşadığı, üretiminin kısıtlandığı, uluslararası literatür ve uygulamalardan önemli oranda ayrışarak alternatif bir tavır benimsemek yerine yaygın, ticari radyoların içeriklerine benzer örnekler sergilediği tespit edilmiştir.

Keywords

Radyo, üniversite radyoları, içerik yapılanması, alternatif yayıncılık, topluluk yayıncılığı

Project Number

119K088

References

• Altınkaynak, E. (1962, 29 Ekim). Eğitim radyosu 10 güne kadar faaliyete geçiyor. Hürriyet.
• Arık, M. B., & Bayram, F. (2011). İletişim Eğitimi ve İletişim Akademisyenleri: Veriler Işığında Genel Bir Değerlendirme. Akdeniz Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi Dergisi, 15, 81-98.
• Aziz, A. (1971). Yurdumuzda TRT Dışındaki Yayın Durumu. Ankara Üniversitesi SBF Dergisi, 26(4), 113-137.
• Aziz, A. (2007). Radyo Yayıncılığı. (3rd. ed.) Ankara, Turkey: Nobel Yayın.
• Birowo, M. A. (2010). Community Radio and Grassroots Democracy: A Case Study of Three Villages in Yogyakarta Region, in Curtin University, (Doctoral Thesis). Retrieved from: https://espace.curtin.edu.au/handle/20.500.11937/1846
• CBAA. (2021). Community Broadcasting Association of Australia. https://www.cbaa.org.au
• Chandar, U., & Sharma, R. (2003). Bridges to Effective Learning through Radio. International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning, 4(1), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.19173/irrodl.v4i1.118
• Clyne, M. (2003). Dynamics of Language Contact, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
• Coccoli, M. (2014). The Use of Web-Radio in Mobile-Learning. Journal of E-Learning and Knowledge Society, 10(3), 147-157. https://doi.org/10.20368/1971-8829/962
• Evans, T. (1995). Distance Education in Australia. European Journal of Engineering Education, 20(2), 233-234. https://doi.org/10.1080/0304379950200213
• Guion, L., Diehl, D., & McDonald, D. (2011). Conducting an In-depth Interview, University of Florida. Retrieved from" http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/fy393
• Hedberg, J. G. (1986). Twenty-five years of educational radio: VL2UV and its world. Australian Journal of Educational Technology, 2(2), 74-84. https://doi.org/10.14742/ajet.2395
• Hedberg, J. G., & McNamara, S. (2002). Innovation and Re-Invention: A Brief Review of Educational Technology in Australia. Educational Media International, 39(2), 111-121. https://doi.org/10.1080/09523980210153471
• Ibrahim, B., & Mishra, N. (2016). College radio as a mechanism for participatory learning: Exploring the scope for online radio-based learning among undergraduates. Higher Learning Research Communications, 6 (1), 21-34. http://dx.doi.org/10.18870/hlrc.v6i1.292
• İlaslan, S. (2014). Türkiye’de Radyonun Unutulan Sesleri: 1945-1980 Arasında Devlet Radyoları Dışında. Akdeniz Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi Dergisi, 21, 118-142.
• Kükrer, Ö. (2011). Erol Mutlu’nun İletişim Eğitimi Üzerine Düşünceleri ve Katkıları. Akdeniz Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi Dergisi, 15, 161-163.
• Lambert, R.S. (1963). School Broadcasting in Canada. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
• Manyozo, L. (2007). University Training in Communication for Development: Trends and Approaches. Media Aisa. 34(1), 51-60. https://doi.org/10.1080/01296612.2007.11726845
• Naidoo, G., & Potter, C. (2007). Ethical Issues in Using Interactive Radio in South Africa. Open Learning: The Journal of Open, Distance and e-Learning, 22(2), 159-165. https://doi.org/10.1080/02680510701306707
• Nazari, M. R., & Hasbullah, A. H. (2010). Radio as an Educational Media: Impact on Agricultural Development. The Journal of the South East Asia Research Centre for Communication and Humanities, 2, 13-20. Retrived from: http://search.taylors.edu.my/documents/journals/2010-2/SEARCH-2010-2-J2.pdf
• Newcomb, H., & Lotz, A. (2002). The Production of Media Fiction. In. K. B. Jensen (Eds.), A Handbook of Media and Communication Research (pp. 62-77). New York, USA: Routledge.
• Paulu, B. (1981). Television and Radio in the United Kingdom. Hong Kong: University of Minnesota Press.
• Pérez-Alaejos, M. P. M., Martin Valiente, M., & Hernández-Prieto, M. (2016). Spanish University Radio Stations Own Content Programming: Ondacampus, UPV Radio, Uniradio Jaén, Radio Universidad and RUAH. Revista Latina de Comunicación Social, 71, 287-308. https://doi.org/10.4185/RLCS-2016-1096
• Potter, C. S., & Naidoo, G. (2009). Evaluating Large-Scale Interactive Radio Programmes. Distance Education, 30(1), 117-141. https://doi.org/10.1080/01587910902845980
• Priestman, C. (2002). Web Radio. Oxford: Focal Press.
• Sterling, C. H. (2009). 1. Cbq Review Essay: Pioneering Educational Radio. Communication Booknotes Quarterly, 40(4), 151-161. https://doi.org/10.1080/10948000903492555
• Teixeira, M. M., & Silva, B. D. (2009). Radio-learning: A New Tendency of Web Radio. In. Antonis Lionarakis (Eds.), Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Open&Distance Learning (pp. 16-28). Athens, Greece: Hellenic Open University.
• Tokgöz, O. (2006). Türkiye’de İletişim Fakültelerinde Eğitim Kadrosunun Konumu: Eleştirel Bir Bakış ile Değerlendirme. Kültür ve İletişim, 9(1), 33-70.
• Tremblay, R. W. (2003). A Delphi Study on the Future of College Radio. Journal of Radio Studies, 10(2), 170-185. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15506843jrs1002_3
• Tsuda, S., & Lafaye B. E. (2005). Japan's Experience of Language Contact: A Case Study of RADIO-i, a Multilingual Radio Station in Nagoya. Language and Intercultural Communication, 5 (3-4), 248-263. https://doi.org/10.1080/14708470508668899
• Uzun, R. (2007). İstihdam Sorunu Bağlamında Türkiye’de İletişim Eğitimi ve Öğrenci Yerleştirme. İletişim Kuram ve Araştırma Dergisi, 25, 117-134.
• Wall, T. (2007). Finding an alternative: Music programming in US college radio. Radio Journal: International Studies in Broadcast & Audio Media, 5(1). 35-54. https://doi.org/10.1386/rajo.5.1.35_1
• Wallace, D. (2008). Reinventing the Wheel Versus Grinding the Same Old Axe: An Ethnographic View of the Students and Community Member at A Massachusetts College Radio Station. The Radio Journal: International Studies in Broadcast and Audio Media, 2(1), 44–66. https://doi.org/10.16997/wpcc.50
• Wei, R. (2010). China’s Radio and TV Universities: Reflections on Theory and Practice of Open and Distance Learning. Open Learning: The Journal of Open, Distance and e-Learning, 25 (1), 45-56. https://doi.org/10.1080/02680510903482199
• Wilson David, D. (2015). The learning curve: Distinctive opportunities and challenges posed by university-based community radio stations. Interactions: Studies in Communication & Culture, 6 (1), 87-105. https://doi.org/10.1386/iscc.6.1.87_1
• Yıldırım, A., & Şimşek, H. (2008). Sosyal Bilimlerde Nitel Araştırma Yöntemleri, (6th ed.). Ankara, Turkey: Seçkin Yayınları.