Cezaevi Popülasyonunda Dünya Örnekleriyle Ruh Sağlığı Uygulamaları ve Yol Haritası

Year 2021, Volume: 1 Issue: 1, 46 - 76, 27.12.2021

Burak Amil , Yasin Hasan Balcıoğlu Fatih Öncü

Abstract

Cezaevi popülasyonunda ruh sağlığı hizmetlerinin ve uygulamalarının önemi her
geçen gün daha fazla artmaktadır. Gerek mahkûmların sağlık sorunlarının tespiti
gerek cezaevlerinin huzur ve güven ortamının sağlanması gerekse suç işlemiş
bireyleri yeniden suçtan uzak tutabilecek rehabilitasyon süreçlerinin devamlılığı
açısından cezaevlerinde nitelikli ruh sağlığı hizmetine ulaşımın kolaylaşması
gerekir. Cezaevlerinin kendine özgü koşul ve dinamiklerinden kaynaklanan
birtakım güçlükler cezaevi popülasyonuna ruh sağlığı hizmetlerini ulaştırma
açısından çeşitli sorunlar yaratabilir. Bununla birlikte dünyanın farklı ülkelerinde
cezaevlerinde ruh sağlığı uygulamalarını başarıyla yürüten örnekler de mevcuttur.
Uygar bir toplum düzeninin gereği olarak cezaevi ruh sağlığı hizmetlerinin
iyileştirilmesine yönelik insan hakları temelli ve bilimsel yöntemi esas alan
kapsamlı politikalara ihtiyaç vardır. Bu politikaların oluşturulmasında konunun
paydaşlarının görüşlerini içeren ve dünyadaki farklı uygulamaları harmanlayan
bütünlüklü bir anlayış esas alınmalıdır. Ruh sağlığı hizmetlerine yönelik yürütücü
organizasyon şemasıyla başlayan ve mahkûmla gerçekleştirilen ilk görüşmeden
cezaevi sonrası müdahalelere kadar her basamağı ayrıntılı şekilde planlanmış bir
politikanın cezaevlerinde yaşanan ruh sağlığı temelli sorunları en aza indireceği
öngörülebilir. Ayrıca ruhsal bozuklukların türüne göre farklılaşan tanı ve tedavi
süreçlerinin mahkûmlara sağlanabilmesi büyük önem taşımaktadır. Bununla
birlikte kadın, çocuk ve yaşlı mahkûmlar, cinsel ya da yineleyici suç işleyenler ve
toplumsal cinsiyete uymayan bireyler gibi özel gereksinimi olan grupların da
kendilerine özgü ruhsal ihtiyaçlarının iyi bilinmesi ve bu ihtiyaçların olabildiğince
karşılanması gerekir. Bütün bu hizmetleri uygulayacak nitelikli personelin eğitimi
de cezaevlerinde ruh sağlığı hizmetlerinin niteliğinin artması açısından kilit noktalardan
biri olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Bu yazıda da cezaevlerinde ruh sağlığı hizmetlerini
geliştirmeye odaklanan bir yol haritasının sunulması amaçlanmıştır.

Keywords

Adli Psikiyatri, Cezaevi Ruh Sağlığı, Cezaevi Hizmetleri, Mahkûm, Rehabilitasyon Psikiyatrisi

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