Research Article

Fundamental Characteristics of Modern Western Philosophy and Its Evaluation from the Perspective of Classical Philosophy

Volume: 4 Number: 2 December 23, 2025
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Fundamental Characteristics of Modern Western Philosophy and Its Evaluation from the Perspective of Classical Philosophy

Abstract

Knowledge is the most fundamental activity of the human being. Without true knowledge, there can be no true belief, nor can ethics and law be meaningfully grounded. Other solutions in human life, as well as the pursuit of happiness, also depend on knowledge. However, knowledge is primarily the knowledge of being. For this reason, our metaphysical perception of existence shapes the nature of knowledge and, naturally, determines how knowledge will be used. Knowledge has two essential sources: sense and reason. Although assumptions and utility are not direct sources of knowledge, they do appear as criteria of truth. The balance among these sources is another factor that influences the nature of knowledge. The initial aim of knowledge is to know reality as it is; therefore, science must be free of prejudice. Its ultimate aim, however, is to enable the human being to do good and attain happiness. Hence, science cannot legitimately be used as a means of exploitation. Knowledge belongs to all humanity, and thus monopolization in science is ethically unacceptable. At this point, it must also be emphasized that the human being possesses not only a rational dimension but also emotional aspects. In other words, the human does not merely know; they are also affected. Moreover, the human does not live only in the moment; they long for the past or extract lessons from it, and they imagine and plan for the future. Finally, the human lives in a world and is a part of it. Nature has its own laws, and every being within it is, in essence, good and valuable. Therefore, humans cannot treat nature merely as a commodity, nor do they have the right to corrupt it. In the modern period, however, the balances between sense and reason, emotion and reason, matter and meaning, human and nature, material and human pleasures, and measure–principle–utility have been disrupted. The result is a human being in conflict with nature, with their surroundings, and even with themselves; an individual who sees being a woman or a man as a problem; and a creature trapped in conflict, anxiety, and unhappiness. In this study, we will examine—through prominent thinkers and ideas—the main characteristics of modern Western philosophy, which regards itself as superior and has severed itself from classical thought and thereby from the accumulated wisdom of humanity. We will also discuss the consequences of this rupture and offer possible solutions.

Keywords

Supporting Institution

Herhangi bir fon desteği alınmamıştır.

Ethical Statement

Çalışma için etik kurul izni gerekmemektedir.

Thanks

Tüm çalışmalarımda olduğu gibi burada her türlü yardımlarını esirgemeyen güzel insan ve değerli ağabeyim Doç. Dr. Abdullah DEMİR’e teşekkürlerimi arz ederim.

References

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  6. Baba, C. (2018). Bilgi Bağlamında Doğruluk ve Mantık İlişkisi Üzerine. İçinde M. Kelikli (Ed.), Doğru Üzerine (ss. 35-76). Elis Yayınları.
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Details

Primary Language

Turkish

Subjects

Systematic Philosophy (Other) , History of Philosophy (Other)

Journal Section

Research Article

Publication Date

December 23, 2025

Submission Date

November 15, 2025

Acceptance Date

December 8, 2025

Published in Issue

Year 1970 Volume: 4 Number: 2

APA
Akyüz, T. (2025). Modern Batı Felsefesinin Temel Karakteristik Özellikleri ve Klasik Felsefe Açısından Değerlendirilmesi. Cihannüma Sosyal Bilimler Akademi Dergisi, 4(2), 41-58. https://doi.org/10.55205/jocsosa.4220251824303

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