Gelir Dağılımının İyileştirilmesinde Kamu Hizmetlerinin Rolü

Abstract

Eğitim, sağlık, barınma, çocuk bakım ve yaşlı bakım gibi kamu hizmetleri hanehalkının harcanabilir gelirini ortalama olarak %29 oranında artırırken aynı zamanda gelir dağılımını da olumlu yönde etkilemektedir. Kamu hizmetlerinin gelir dağılımını iyileştirici etkisi bu hizmetlerin değerinin gelire oranının yoksul hanehalkı için zengin hanehalkına oranla daha yüksek olmasından kaynaklanmaktadır. OECD ülkeleri için bu hizmetlerin değeri en düşük gelirli %20’lik dilimdekilerin gelirini %76 oranında artırırken bu oran en yüksek gelirli %20’lik dilim için %14 dür. Diğer yandan kamu hizmetleri niteliksiz emeğe, kadınlara ve göçmen işçilere göreli olarak daha iyi koşullarda iş olanakları yaratarak da gelir dağılımının iyileşmesine katkı sağlamaktadır. Fakat kamu hizmetlerinin özelleştirilmesi ve piyasalaştırılması, hizmete ulaşımı, hizmetin fiyatını, kalitesini ve kamu istihdamını etkileyerek gelir dağılımını farklı kanallardan olumsuz etkilemektedir. Neticede kamu hizmetlerini sunmanın amacı tüm kullanıcılara en iyi hizmeti vermek yerine müşterilerin ödeme gücüne göre hizmetin kalitesini ayarlamak olmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı kamu hizmetlerinin gelir dağılımına etkisini ve bu hizmetlerin özelleştirilmesinin ve piyasalaştırılmasının eşitlik açısından sonuçlarını tartışmaktır.

Keywords

• Kamu Hizmetleri, Gelir Dağılımı, Piyasalaştırma, Kamu Özel İşbirliği, Eşitsizlik

The Role of the Public Services in Improvement of Income Distribution

Abstract

The cash value of public services such as education, health care, social housing, elderly care and childcare increases disposable household income on average by %29 and also tends to reduce inequality. The main reason for the equality enhancing effect of public services is that the cash value of public services accounts for a significantly larger proportion of the income of poor households than of rich households. On average the use of these services accounts for %76 of the income of the poorest quintile of the income scale in the OECD countries as opposed to %14 for the richest income quintile. On the other hand public services also promote equality by providing comparable decent employment opportunities particularly for low skilled workers, women and migrant workers. But privatization and marketization has eroded the equality-enhancing effects of public services through changes in prices, the quality of services and access to services. They have also transformed the public sector employment system. As a result the goal of public service provision is no longer to provide the best possible services for all service users, but to adjust the quality of services to the purchasing power of customers. The purpose of this paper is to introduce the effects of public services on equality and discuss the consequences of privatization and marketization of these services for equality

Keywords

• Public Services, Income Distribution, Marketization, Public Private Partnership, Inequality

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