Bangladeş Anlaşması Tekstil İşçilerinin Umudu Olabilir mi?

Abstract

13 Mayıs 2013 tarihinde 120 Ulusötesi Tekstil Şirketinin Küresel İşçi Sendikalarıyla imzaladığı “Bangladeş’te Yangın ve İşyeri Güvenliği Anlaşması” ve yangınlarda, çöken binalarda ölen ve yaralanan işçilerin tazminatlarının Ulusötesi Şirketlerce karşılanmasını amaçlayan ek “Mutabakat Belgesi” yasal bağlayıcılığı olması açısından alanında bir ilki temsil etmektedir. Bangladeş’te fabrikaların yanması ve çökmesi sonucu yüzlerce işçinin öldüğü felaketlerin ardından geniş kapsamlı bir yerel işçi mücadelesi başlamış ve bu mücadeleyi küresel sendikalarla çeşitli sivil toplum örgütlerinin düzenlediği uluslararası kampanya desteklemiştir. Bangladeş Anlaşması ise bu ikili mücadelenin etkisiyle başlayan müzakerelerin bir sonucudur. Ancak anlaşmanın müzakere sürecinde, kabul edilen maddelerinde ve uygulanış planında yereldeki işçi mücadelesi ile küresel sendikalar arasında gerilimler de açığa çıkmıştır. Bu nedenle Anlaşma ciddi kazanımları içerse de işçilerin Anlaşmadan yeterince tatmin olmadığı devam eden eylemlerden anlaşılmaktadır. Bu makalede işçi tarafını temsil eden yerel ve küresel aktörler arasındaki gerilimlerin anlaşılması için Anlaşmanın içeriği ve uygulanışı tartışılacaktır

Keywords

• Bangladeş Anlaşması, Ulusötesi Şirketler, Küresel Sendika, neo-liberal küreselleşme, küresel yönetişim, madun hareketi

May The Bangladesh Accord Be Hope for Textile Workers?

Abstract

“The Bangladesh Accord on Fire and Building Safety” which was signed by 120 transnational textile corporations on 13th May 2013 and “Memorandum of Understanding” on the payment of compensations for the workers who had lost their lives or were injured signify a new development with its legally binding aspect. After the fires and collapse of factories in Bangladesh that led to death of hundreds of workers triggered a local labour movement and a transnational solidarity campaign was initiated by Global Unions and some NGOs. Bangladesh Accord is consequence of the negotiations began after these movements. However, it is possible to witness a tension among the local labour movement and Global Unions on the issues as negotiation process and application of the Accord. Therefore, despite the earning of some serious rights, Bangladeshi labour is understood to be not satisfied by this process and continued its struggle. This article will debate the reasons of the tension within the labour side among the local movement and the Global Unions.

Keywords

• Bangladesh Accord, Transnational Corporations, Global Unions, Neo-liberal Globalization, Global Governance, Sub-altern Movement

References

1. Accord on Fire and Building Safety in Bangladesh, May 13, 2013, http://www.bangladeshaccord.org/ Erişim Tarihi: 10.12.2013
2. Ararat, M. and Bayazıt M., (2009). “Does the adoption of codes of conduct marginalize labor unions? The case of Turkey’s garment industry”. Mallin, C. A. (Ed.) Corporate Social Responsibility A Case Study Approach. University of East Anglia, UK
3. Boix, I., 2013, En La Construccion del Sindicalismo Global, FITEQA CC.OO, Madrid.
4. De Schutter, Olivier, 2006, The Challenge of Imposing Human Rights Norms on Corporate Actors, Published by Hart Publishing, 2006
5. Hammer, N. (2005). “International Framework Agreements: global industrial relations between rights and bargaining.” Transfer: European Review of Labour and Research. vol. 11 no. 4 511-530. ETUI, Brussels
6. Marriott, Red. 20.11. 2013 Highs and lows of a wage rise - the new garment minimum wage, http://libcom.org/news/highs-lows-wage-rise-newgarment-minimum-wage-20112013
7. Rajagopal, B., 2003, “International Law and Social Movements: Challanges of Theorizing Resistance”, The Columbia Journal of Transnational Law, Volume 41, Number 2.
8. Rajagopal, B., 2003a, International Law From Below, Development, Social Movements, andThird World Resistance, Cambridge University Press

9. Ratner, S. R., (2001). “Corporations and Human Rights: A Theory of Legal Responsibility”. The Yale Law Journal, Vol. 111, No. 3, pp. 443-545.
10. The Yale Law Journal Company, Inc. http://www.jstor.org/stable/797542. Accessed: 26/10/2011 15:41
11. Santos, B. S., 2005, “Beyond Neoliberal Governance: The World Social Forum as Subaltern Cosmopolitan Politics and Legality”, Law and globalization from below, towards a cosmopolitan legality, ed. by Boaventura de Sousa Santos and Cesar Rodriguez-Garavito, Cambridge University Press
12. Santos, B. S. ve Garavito, C. R., 2005, “Law Politics and Subaltern in Counter Hegemonic Globalization”, Law and globalization from below, towards a cosmopolitan legality, ed. By Boaventura de Sousa Santos and Cesar Rodriguez-Garavito, Cambridge University Press
13. Shamir, R., 2005, “Corporate Social Responsibility: A Case of Hegemony and Counter Hegemony” Law and globalization from below, towards a cosmopolitan legality, ed. By Boaventurade Sousa Santos and Cesar Rodriguez-Garavito, Cambridge University Press
14. Stevis, D. (2008). International Framework Agreements Between Unions and Multinationals: Corporate Social Responsibility or Social Regulation? Paper presented at the 2008 Convention of the International Studies Association. San Francisco.
15. The Star, 22.10.2013. Winnipegger Brad Loewen new chief inspector of 1,600 Bangladeshi factories http://www.thestar.com/news/world/2013/10/22/winnipegger_brad_loe wen_new_chief_insp ector_of_1600_bangladeshi_factories.html
16. Yabancı Hakem Kararlarının Tanınması ve İcrası Hakkındaki New York Sözleşmesi, http://nasamer.ku.edu.tr/sites/nasamer.ku.edu.tr/files/mevzuat/conventio ns/tr/New% York.pdf, Erişim tarihi 30.09.2014