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Ekonomik Küreselleşmenin İş Sağlığı ve Güvenliğine Etkileri ve Projeksiyonlar

Year 2020, Volume: 4 Issue: 67, 2161 - 2196, 01.01.2020

Abstract

Küreselleşme, ekonomik, kültürel ideolojik birçok boyutu olan sosyal bir olgudur. Makalenin konusunu oluşturan iş sağlığı ve güvenliği kavramı ise küreselleşmenin ekonomik boyutu ile doğrudan ilişkilidir. Bu durumun en temel nedeni ekonomik küreselleşmenin gelişmiş ve azgelişmiş ülkeleri uluslararası pazarlara entegre ederek, aralarında eşitsiz ve dengesiz bir ilişki kumasıdır. Gelişmekte olan ülkeler ekonomik küreselleşmenin kendine sağladığı araçlar yardımıyla az gelişmiş ülkelerin hammadde ve iş gücü kaynaklarını kendi lehlerine kullanabilmektedir. Benzer bir durum, gelişmiş ülkelerin kendi işgücü piyasalarında da görece yaşanmaktadır. Kapitalizmin, 1980 sonrası neo-liberal politikalarla kazandığı ivme işgücü piyasaları ve çalışma ilişkilerinde birçok dönüşümü beraberinde getirmiştir. Bu süreçte ekonomik küreselleşmenin işgücü piyasalarında ortaya çıkardığı kutuplaşma, kuralsızlaşma ve serbestleşme eğilimleri gelişmiş ve azgelişmiş ülkeleri, farklı derecelerde ve şekillerde etkilemektedir. Çalışma içinde detaylı bir şekilde sunulduğu üzere burumun İSG özelindeki etkileri çok geniştir ve birçok açıdan ele alınmak durumundadır. Bir taraftan meslek hastalıkları, iş kazaları ve ölümler artarken diğer taraftan standart dışı çalışma biçimlerine bağlı olarak psikolojik rahatsızlıklar ve fizyolojik sorunlar da artmaktadır. Tüm bu gelişmeler sebebiyle küreselleşme süreciyle birlikte kötüleşen çalışma koşullarının ürettiği çeşitli eşitsizlik biçimlerinin yayılması ve artan iş güvensizliği ile çalışanların yaşam koşullarının daha kötüleşmesi, iş sağlığı ve güvenliğinin mevcut durumu ve geleceği konularında yapılacak olan çalışmalara duyulan ihtiyacı giderek arttırmaktadır. Bu çerçevede çalışmada, küreselleşmenin bir boyutu olan ekonomik küreselleşme sürecinde günümüzde varolan iş sağlığı ve güvenliği ile ilgili sorunlar ayrıntılı olarak ele alınmıştır. Ekonomik küreselleşme sürecinin gelişmiş ve gelişmekte olan ülkeler çerçevesinde genel olarak çalışma hayatına ve özel olarak iş sağlığı ve güvenliği koşullarına etkileri değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışmada ILO’nun, ETUI’nin ve Avrupa İş Sağlığı ve Güvenliği Ajansının iş sağlığı ve güvenliği ile ilgili sorunlara yönelik yaklaşımlara ilişkin raporları değerlendirilmiştir. Yöntemsel olarak mevcut sorunlar ışığında, raporlar da referans alınarak İSG alanın da çalışmanın sınırlılığı çerçevesinde bir projeksiyon yapılmaya çalışılmıştır

References

  • Akça, E. (2002) “Ulus Devlet- Küreselleşme İkilemi, Bilgi Teknoloji İhracı Küresel Yereli Öldürebilir mi?”, Küreselleşme ve Sanayileşme Bildiriler Kitabı, İstanbul TMMOB Sanayi Kongresi, 215-224
  • Apak, S. (2002) “Küreselleşme ve Küreselleşmenin Türkiye Üzerine Etkileri”, Küreselleşme ve Sanayileşme Bildiriler El Kitabı, İstanbul TMMOB Sanayi Kongresi, 183-190
  • Baram, M. (2009) Globalization and Workplace Hazards in Developing Nations, Safety Science, 47 (6). https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0925753508000271?ca sa_token=4gdyhS32uYMAAAAA:5GLIBg6JSp7SAJbK21ICTMM5k8OtAk wnyyOhcwDGLw4kwAPrpKWQY9WfuYxnhxGC65-OiMyGeHY (01.02.2018)
  • Beham, B., Prag, P., Drobnic, S. (2012) Who’s Got the Balance? A Study of Satisfaction With the Work–Family Balance Among Part-Time Service Sector Employees in Five Western European
  • Countries, International Journal of Human Resource Management, 23 (18), https://www.researchgate.net/publication/254298887_Who's_got_the_bala nce_A_study_of_satisfaction_with_the_work- family_balance_among_parttime_service_sector_employees_in_five_Western_European_countries (01.02.2018)
  • Bilir, A. ve Yıldız. A. N. (2013) İş Sağlığı ve Güvenliği, Ankara: Hacettepe Üniversitesi Yayınları
  • Bingöl, D. (2003) İnsan Kaynakları Yönetimi, İstanbul: Beta Yayınları.
  • Can, M. Ve Doğan, B. (2016) Küreselleşme ve Enerji Tüketimi İlişkisi: Türkiye Örnekleminde Eşbütünleşme Analizi, Maliye Dergisi, (170), https://www.researchgate.net/publication/312589340_Kuresellesme_ve_En erji_Tuketimi_Iliskisi_Turkiye_Ornekleminde_Esbutunlesme_Analizi (10.02.2019)
  • Castillo, A. D. (2014) Workers Health And Safety Exposed To Crisis, European Trade Union Institute,14 (2), https://www.researchgate.net/publication/301300318_Workers'_health_and _safety_exposed_to_crisis (01.02.2018)
  • Chatterjee, M. (2016) Approaches to Universal Health Coverage and Occupational Health and Safety For the Informal Workforce in Developing Countries: Workshop Summary, National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK373401/#sec_000033 (01.02.2018)
  • Chen, M. (2016) Approaches to Universal Health Coverage and Occupational Health and Safety for the Informal Workforce in Developing Countries: Workshop Summary, National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK373401/#sec_000016 (01.02.2018)
  • Deviren, N.V. ve Atasever, G. (2011) Ekonomik Küreselleşmenin Ulus-Devlet Üzerindeki Etkileri, Mevzuat Dergisi, 3 (164), http://mevzuatdergisi.com/2011/08a/01.htm, Erişim Tarihi: (10.01.2017)
  • ÇASGEM (Çalışma ve Sosyal Güvenlik Eğitim ve Araştırma Merkezi), İş Sağlığı ve Güvenliği ILO Standartları, Ankara:Çasgem Yayınları
  • Çavuş, Ö. H. (2020), Dijital Ekonomiler ve Yeni Çalışma Biçimleri, Yönetim ve Çalışma, 4 (1), http://www.yonetimvecalisma.org/index.php?content=1;18&IssueId=8 (15.07.2020)
  • Demir, K. A., Döven, G ve Sezen, B. (2019) Industry 5.0 and Human-Robot Coworking, 3rd World Conference on Technology, Innovation and Entrepreneurship (WOCTINE), Procedia Computer Science, 158, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1877050919312748
  • Erdut, Z. (2004) “Liberal Ekonomi Politikaları ve Sosyal Politika”, Çalışma ve Toplum, 2004/2 (2), 11-37
  • Esin, A. (2002) “Küreselleşme Sürecinde Rekabet Politikalarının Türkiye Açısından Değerlendirilmesi”, Küreselleşme ve Sanayileşme Bildiriler Kitabı, İstanbul:TMMOB Sanayi Kongresi, 82-94
  • ETUI (Avrupa İşçi Sendikaları Enstitüsü) (2015) Occupational Safety and Health in 2040 Four Scenarios, (Ed. Castillo, A ve Meinert, S.), https://www.etui.org/sites/default/files/Guide_OSH_web.pdf (01.06.2016)
  • EUROSTAT. (2020) Fatal Accidents at Work In EU, http://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/show.do?dataset=hsw_n2_02&lang =en (18.08.2020)
  • EU-OSHA. (2012) Management of Psychosocial Risks at Work, https://osha.europa.eu/en/publications/management-psychosocial-riskswork-analysis-findings-european-survey-enterprises-new (01.06.2019)
  • EU-OSHA. (2017) Annual Activity Report, https://osha.europa.eu/en/publications/annual-activity-report-2017 (01.02.2018)
  • EU-OSHA. (2018a). Definition of a Nanomaterial, http://ec.europa.eu/environment/chemicals/nanotech/faq/definition_en.htm (01.02.2019)
  • EU-OSHA. (2018b). Foresight on New and Emerging Occupational Safety and Health Risks Associated with Digitalisation by 2025, https://osha.europa.eu/en/tools-andpublications/publications/foresight-new-and-emerging-occupational-safetyand-health-risks/view (01.02.2019)
  • EU-OSHA. (2019), The Value of Occupational Safety and Health and the Societal Costs of Work-Related Injuries and Diseases, file:///C:/Users/asus/Downloads/Summary_Value%20of%20OSH_and_so cietal_costs_injuries_and_diseases%20(1).pdf, (01.02.2020)
  • European Commission. (2015) Nanomaterials, http://ec.europa.eu/growth/sectors/chemi-cals/reach/nanomaterials_en (24.08.2020)
  • EUROSTAT. (2017) Accidents At Work Statistics, https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statisticsexplained/index.php/Accidentsiatiworkistatistics (12.04.2019).
  • Maheshrengaraj, R. ve Vinodkumar, M. (2014) A Study on İnfluence of İndividual Factors, Precarious Employment in Work İnjury Exposures Among Welders Employed in Organised Sector Fabrication Units, International Journal of Design andManufacturingTechnology, 5 (3),https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/A-STUDY-ON-INFLUENCEOF-INDIVIDUAL-FACTORS%2C-IN-WORK-MaheshrengarajVinodkumar/a03669c234dc03824ab8e833fa4f0a7b42a77a16 (10.02.2018)
  • Ferreira, C.M. ve Serpa, S. (2018) Society 5.0 andSocial Development: Contributions to a Discussion, Management and Organizational Studies, 5(4), https://doi.org/10.5430/mos.v5n4p26 (01.04.2020)
  • Financial Times (2016) Wearabled Devices Aim to Reduce Workplace Accidents, https://www.ft.com/content/d0bfea5c-f820-11e5-96db-fc683b5e52db (20.08.2020)
  • Giddens, A. (2000) Elimizden Kaçıp Giden Dünya (çev. O. Akınhay), İstanbul: Alfa Yayıncılık.
  • Guardian (2018) Amazon Patents Wristbandth Attracks Warehouse Workers’ Movements, https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2018/jan/31/amazon-warehousewristband-tracking (15.08.2020)
  • Hämäläinen, P., Takala, J., Boon Kiat, T. (2017) Global Estimates of Occupational Accidents and Work-related Illnesses 2017 (XXI World Congress on Safety and Health at Work), https://www.wshi.gov.sg/-/media/wshi/pastpublications/2014/global-estimates-of-occupational-accidents-and-workrelated-illness2014.pdf?la=en&hash=CC0F4E20BDDEB6189A8B1BB4786D7973 (10.02.2018)
  • Harvey, D. (2007) Umut Mekanları, İstanbul: Metis Yayınları
  • ILO (2004), A Fair Globalization, The Role of the ILO, https://www.ilo.org/public/libdoc/ilo/2004/104B09_112_engl.pdf (10.03.2018)
  • ILO (2010) Emerging Risks And New Patterns Of Prevention In A Changing World Of Work, World Day For Safety And Health At Work, https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---ed_protect/---protrav/--- safework/documents/publication/wcms_123653.pdf (10.03.2018)

The Effects of Economic Globalization on Occupational Health and Safety and Projections

Year 2020, Volume: 4 Issue: 67, 2161 - 2196, 01.01.2020

Abstract

Globalization is a social phenomenon with many economic and cultural ideological dimensions. The concept of occupational health and safety, which is the subject of the article, is directly related to the economic dimension of globalization. The main reason for this situation is that economic globalization integrates developed and underdeveloped countries into international markets, creating an unequal and unbalanced relationship between them. Developing countries can use the raw material and labor resources of underdeveloped countries to their advantage with the help of the tools provided by economic globalization. A similar situation is observed relatively in the labor markets of developed countries. The momentum capitalism gained with neo-liberal policies after 1980 brought many transformations in labor markets and labor relations. In this process, the polarization, deregulation and liberalization tendencies caused by economic globalization in labor markets affect developed and underdeveloped countries in different degrees and ways. As presented in detail in the study, the effects of nose on OHS are very extensive and need to be addressed from many angles. On the one hand, occupational diseases, occupational accidents and deaths increase, on the other hand, psychological disorders and physiological problems increase due to non-standard working styles. Due to all these developments, the spread of various forms of inequality produced by the worsening working conditions with the globalization process and the worsening of the living conditions of the employees with the increasing job insecurity, the need for work on the current situation and future of occupational health and safety is increasing. In this context, the problems related to occupational health and safety that exist today in the process of economic globalization, which is a dimension of globalization, are discussed in detail. The effects of the economic globalization process on working life in general and occupational health and safety conditions in particular within the framework of developed and developing countries were evaluated. In the study, the reports of ILO, ETUI and European Agency for Occupational Health and Safety on approaches to occupational health and safety problems were evaluated. Methodically, in the light of the existing problems, a projection was tried to be made within the framework of the limitation of the study in the field of OHS by taking the reports as reference

References

  • Akça, E. (2002) “Ulus Devlet- Küreselleşme İkilemi, Bilgi Teknoloji İhracı Küresel Yereli Öldürebilir mi?”, Küreselleşme ve Sanayileşme Bildiriler Kitabı, İstanbul TMMOB Sanayi Kongresi, 215-224
  • Apak, S. (2002) “Küreselleşme ve Küreselleşmenin Türkiye Üzerine Etkileri”, Küreselleşme ve Sanayileşme Bildiriler El Kitabı, İstanbul TMMOB Sanayi Kongresi, 183-190
  • Baram, M. (2009) Globalization and Workplace Hazards in Developing Nations, Safety Science, 47 (6). https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0925753508000271?ca sa_token=4gdyhS32uYMAAAAA:5GLIBg6JSp7SAJbK21ICTMM5k8OtAk wnyyOhcwDGLw4kwAPrpKWQY9WfuYxnhxGC65-OiMyGeHY (01.02.2018)
  • Beham, B., Prag, P., Drobnic, S. (2012) Who’s Got the Balance? A Study of Satisfaction With the Work–Family Balance Among Part-Time Service Sector Employees in Five Western European
  • Countries, International Journal of Human Resource Management, 23 (18), https://www.researchgate.net/publication/254298887_Who's_got_the_bala nce_A_study_of_satisfaction_with_the_work- family_balance_among_parttime_service_sector_employees_in_five_Western_European_countries (01.02.2018)
  • Bilir, A. ve Yıldız. A. N. (2013) İş Sağlığı ve Güvenliği, Ankara: Hacettepe Üniversitesi Yayınları
  • Bingöl, D. (2003) İnsan Kaynakları Yönetimi, İstanbul: Beta Yayınları.
  • Can, M. Ve Doğan, B. (2016) Küreselleşme ve Enerji Tüketimi İlişkisi: Türkiye Örnekleminde Eşbütünleşme Analizi, Maliye Dergisi, (170), https://www.researchgate.net/publication/312589340_Kuresellesme_ve_En erji_Tuketimi_Iliskisi_Turkiye_Ornekleminde_Esbutunlesme_Analizi (10.02.2019)
  • Castillo, A. D. (2014) Workers Health And Safety Exposed To Crisis, European Trade Union Institute,14 (2), https://www.researchgate.net/publication/301300318_Workers'_health_and _safety_exposed_to_crisis (01.02.2018)
  • Chatterjee, M. (2016) Approaches to Universal Health Coverage and Occupational Health and Safety For the Informal Workforce in Developing Countries: Workshop Summary, National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK373401/#sec_000033 (01.02.2018)
  • Chen, M. (2016) Approaches to Universal Health Coverage and Occupational Health and Safety for the Informal Workforce in Developing Countries: Workshop Summary, National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK373401/#sec_000016 (01.02.2018)
  • Deviren, N.V. ve Atasever, G. (2011) Ekonomik Küreselleşmenin Ulus-Devlet Üzerindeki Etkileri, Mevzuat Dergisi, 3 (164), http://mevzuatdergisi.com/2011/08a/01.htm, Erişim Tarihi: (10.01.2017)
  • ÇASGEM (Çalışma ve Sosyal Güvenlik Eğitim ve Araştırma Merkezi), İş Sağlığı ve Güvenliği ILO Standartları, Ankara:Çasgem Yayınları
  • Çavuş, Ö. H. (2020), Dijital Ekonomiler ve Yeni Çalışma Biçimleri, Yönetim ve Çalışma, 4 (1), http://www.yonetimvecalisma.org/index.php?content=1;18&IssueId=8 (15.07.2020)
  • Demir, K. A., Döven, G ve Sezen, B. (2019) Industry 5.0 and Human-Robot Coworking, 3rd World Conference on Technology, Innovation and Entrepreneurship (WOCTINE), Procedia Computer Science, 158, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1877050919312748
  • Erdut, Z. (2004) “Liberal Ekonomi Politikaları ve Sosyal Politika”, Çalışma ve Toplum, 2004/2 (2), 11-37
  • Esin, A. (2002) “Küreselleşme Sürecinde Rekabet Politikalarının Türkiye Açısından Değerlendirilmesi”, Küreselleşme ve Sanayileşme Bildiriler Kitabı, İstanbul:TMMOB Sanayi Kongresi, 82-94
  • ETUI (Avrupa İşçi Sendikaları Enstitüsü) (2015) Occupational Safety and Health in 2040 Four Scenarios, (Ed. Castillo, A ve Meinert, S.), https://www.etui.org/sites/default/files/Guide_OSH_web.pdf (01.06.2016)
  • EUROSTAT. (2020) Fatal Accidents at Work In EU, http://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/show.do?dataset=hsw_n2_02&lang =en (18.08.2020)
  • EU-OSHA. (2012) Management of Psychosocial Risks at Work, https://osha.europa.eu/en/publications/management-psychosocial-riskswork-analysis-findings-european-survey-enterprises-new (01.06.2019)
  • EU-OSHA. (2017) Annual Activity Report, https://osha.europa.eu/en/publications/annual-activity-report-2017 (01.02.2018)
  • EU-OSHA. (2018a). Definition of a Nanomaterial, http://ec.europa.eu/environment/chemicals/nanotech/faq/definition_en.htm (01.02.2019)
  • EU-OSHA. (2018b). Foresight on New and Emerging Occupational Safety and Health Risks Associated with Digitalisation by 2025, https://osha.europa.eu/en/tools-andpublications/publications/foresight-new-and-emerging-occupational-safetyand-health-risks/view (01.02.2019)
  • EU-OSHA. (2019), The Value of Occupational Safety and Health and the Societal Costs of Work-Related Injuries and Diseases, file:///C:/Users/asus/Downloads/Summary_Value%20of%20OSH_and_so cietal_costs_injuries_and_diseases%20(1).pdf, (01.02.2020)
  • European Commission. (2015) Nanomaterials, http://ec.europa.eu/growth/sectors/chemi-cals/reach/nanomaterials_en (24.08.2020)
  • EUROSTAT. (2017) Accidents At Work Statistics, https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statisticsexplained/index.php/Accidentsiatiworkistatistics (12.04.2019).
  • Maheshrengaraj, R. ve Vinodkumar, M. (2014) A Study on İnfluence of İndividual Factors, Precarious Employment in Work İnjury Exposures Among Welders Employed in Organised Sector Fabrication Units, International Journal of Design andManufacturingTechnology, 5 (3),https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/A-STUDY-ON-INFLUENCEOF-INDIVIDUAL-FACTORS%2C-IN-WORK-MaheshrengarajVinodkumar/a03669c234dc03824ab8e833fa4f0a7b42a77a16 (10.02.2018)
  • Ferreira, C.M. ve Serpa, S. (2018) Society 5.0 andSocial Development: Contributions to a Discussion, Management and Organizational Studies, 5(4), https://doi.org/10.5430/mos.v5n4p26 (01.04.2020)
  • Financial Times (2016) Wearabled Devices Aim to Reduce Workplace Accidents, https://www.ft.com/content/d0bfea5c-f820-11e5-96db-fc683b5e52db (20.08.2020)
  • Giddens, A. (2000) Elimizden Kaçıp Giden Dünya (çev. O. Akınhay), İstanbul: Alfa Yayıncılık.
  • Guardian (2018) Amazon Patents Wristbandth Attracks Warehouse Workers’ Movements, https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2018/jan/31/amazon-warehousewristband-tracking (15.08.2020)
  • Hämäläinen, P., Takala, J., Boon Kiat, T. (2017) Global Estimates of Occupational Accidents and Work-related Illnesses 2017 (XXI World Congress on Safety and Health at Work), https://www.wshi.gov.sg/-/media/wshi/pastpublications/2014/global-estimates-of-occupational-accidents-and-workrelated-illness2014.pdf?la=en&hash=CC0F4E20BDDEB6189A8B1BB4786D7973 (10.02.2018)
  • Harvey, D. (2007) Umut Mekanları, İstanbul: Metis Yayınları
  • ILO (2004), A Fair Globalization, The Role of the ILO, https://www.ilo.org/public/libdoc/ilo/2004/104B09_112_engl.pdf (10.03.2018)
  • ILO (2010) Emerging Risks And New Patterns Of Prevention In A Changing World Of Work, World Day For Safety And Health At Work, https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---ed_protect/---protrav/--- safework/documents/publication/wcms_123653.pdf (10.03.2018)
There are 35 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Hande Şahin This is me

Necdet Dalgıç This is me

Ö. Hakan Çavuş This is me

Publication Date January 1, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 4 Issue: 67

Cite

APA Şahin, H., Dalgıç, N., & Çavuş, Ö. H. (2020). Ekonomik Küreselleşmenin İş Sağlığı ve Güvenliğine Etkileri ve Projeksiyonlar. Çalışma Ve Toplum, 4(67), 2161-2196.

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