Sanayisizleşme ve Sendikasızlaşmanın Gelir Dağılımı Etkileri: Erken (Prematüre) Sanayisizleşen Ülkeler Örneği

Year 2023, Volume: 1 Issue: 76, 263 - 302, 25.01.2023

0000-0001-8547-9185 Tekin

Abstract

Sanayisizleşme, sanayinin üretimdeki payının diğer sektörler lehine azalmasıdır. 1990’ların başından itibaren küreselleşme ile birlikte birçok gelişmekte olan ülkede, sanayi sektörünün üretimdeki payının azaldığı gözlenmiştir. Sanayileşmesini tamamlayamadan hizmetler sektörünün payı artan, dolayısıyla sanayi sektörünün istihdam ve katma-değer payı azalan, Rodrik (2016)’nın ifadesiyle, ekonomi-politik bir adlandırma ile ‘prematüre sanayisizleşen’ ekonomiler oluşmuştur. Öte yandan, hizmetler sektörünün payındaki ve sektörde ücretli çalışanlardaki artış 1980’lerin sonlarından itibaren neoliberal politikalarla gelen güvencesiz istihdam koşulları ile birleşmiştir. Bu durumun ücretli çalışanlar açısından yarattığı gelir dağılımı meselesi ise anaakım yazında yeterince yer bulmamıştır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, erken sanayi(siz)leşmenin ve güvencesiz istihdamın bir göstergesi olarak sendika(sız)laşma düzeyinin ayrı ayrı ve etkileşimli olarak gelir dağılımı üzerindeki etkilerini araştırmaktır. Bu amaçla, erken sanayisizleşen ülkeler olarak değerlendirilen Latin Amerika ülkeleri ve Türkiye için sanayisizleşme ve sendikasızlaşmanın (toplu pazarlığın olmayışının) gelir dağılımı üzerindeki etkileri 2000-2019 dönemi için panel eşbütünleşme testi aracılığıyla sınanmaktadır. Elde edilen bulgular, sanayisizleşmenin ve sendikasızlaşmanın gelir dağılımını bozan etkisine işaret etmektedir. Ayrıca sanayileşme düzeyindeki artışın, sendikasızlaşmanın gelir dağılımını bozucu etkilerini bir ölçüde hafifletmekte olduğu görülmüştür.

Keywords

Sanayisizleşme, gelir dağılımı, sendikalaşma

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