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AVUSTRALYA KRALİYET DONANMASININ KURULMASI VE AE2 DENİZALTISININ ÇANAKKALE SERÜVENİ

Year 2022, Volume: 22 Issue: 44, 85 - 116, 25.10.2022

Abstract

Avustralya kıtasında kurulan İngiliz kolonileri kıtanın korunması konusunda
İngiltere’ye bağımlıydılar. 1901 yılında kolonilerin birleşerek Avustralya devletini kurmaları
savunma konusunda Avustralya parlamentosunda önemli tartışmaların yaşanmasına
neden oldu. Parlamentodaki bir kesim İngiltere tarafından korunmayı savunurken diğer
kesimde Avustralya’nın kendisine ait bir donanmasının olmasını savundu. Başlarda Kraliyet
Donanması tarafından korunmaya devam eden Avustralya, izlediği politikalar ve dünya
siyasetindeki değişimlerin etkisi ile İngiltere’nin politikalarında da değişikliler yapılmasını
sağladı. Avustralya devletinin kendisine ait bir donanma kurarken yaşadığı tartışma
konularından en önemlilerinden biri, denizaltı temini meselesiydi. Denizaltı alınmasını
savunanlar olmakla beraber, Avustralya için denizaltının gereksiz olacağını da düşünenler
vardı. Tartışmalar sonucunda Avustralya parlamentosu Aralık 1910’da iki adet “E” sınıfı
denizaltı alınmasına karar verdi. I. Dünya Savaşı’nın başlamasıyla beraber Avustralya da
savaşa dahil oldu. Avustralya Kraliyet Donanması İngiliz Deniz Kuvvetlerinin yönetimine
geçti. Bu süreçte Avustralya denizaltısı AE2, Çanakkale’ye gönderildi. AE2 denizaltısına
boğazdan geçme görevi verildi. Görevini başarıyla gerçekleştiren AE2 denizaltısı boğazı
geçen ilk denizaltı oldu. 30 Nisan 1915 tarihinde Sultanhisar torpidobotu tarafından batırıldı.
Bu makalede Avustralya Kraliyet Donanmasının kurulma süreci ile AE2 denizaltısı ve
Sultanhisar torpidobotu arasındaki mücadelenin detayları hem Türk hem de Avustralya
kaynakları ışığında ortaya konulmuştur.

References

  • Public Record Office [Kamu Kayıtları Ofisi], (PRO)
  • The Australian War Memorial [Avustralya Savaş Anıtı], (AWM)
  • The National Archives of Australia [Avustralya Ulusal Arşivi], (NAA)
  • Osmanlı Belgelerinde Çanakkale Muharebeleri I, Başbakanlık Devlet Arşivleri Genel Müdürlüğü Osmanlı Arşivi Daire Başkanlığı Yayını, Ankara, 2005.
  • Colonial Conference 1907: Minutes of Proceedings of the Colonial Conference 1907, His Majesty’s Stationery Office, London, 1907.
  • Commonwealth of Australia Parliamentary Debates Session 1903 Vol. XVI, Government Printer for the State of Victoria, Australia, 1903.
  • Commonwealth of Australia Parliamentary Debates Session 1907-8 Vol.XLII, Government Printer for the State of Victoria, Australia, 1908.
  • Sunday Times
  • The Advertiser
  • The Australasian
  • The Daily Advertiser
  • The Daily Standard
  • The Daily Telegraph
  • The Evening Star
  • The Port Pirie Recorder and North Western Mail
  • The Register
  • The Sydney Mail
  • The Sydney Morning Herald
  • The Telegraph
  • The West Australian
  • ATABEY, Figen, Çanakkale Muharebelerinin Deniz Cephesi, Türk Tarih Kurumu, Ankara, 2014.
  • ASPINALL-OGLANDER, Cecil Faber, Military Operations Gallipoli Vol.I, William Heinemann, London, 1935.
  • BAL, Nurcan (Hazırlayan), Marmara’da Denizaltı Avı Sultanhisar ve Stoker’ın Denizaltısı AE2, Deniz Basımevi Müdürlüğü, İstanbul, 2006.
  • Birinci Dünya Harbinde Türk Harbi VIII nci Cilt Deniz Harekâtı, Genelkurmay Basımevi, Ankara, 1976.
  • BEAN, C.E.W., The Official History of Australia in the War of 1914-1918 Vol.I The Story of Anzac: The First Phase of the Gallipoli Campaign May 4, 1915, Angus & Robertson Ltd., Sydney, 1941.
  • BRENCHLEY, Fred & Elizabeth, Stoker’ın Denizaltısı, (çev. Pervin Yanıkkaya), Ayhan Matbaası, İstanbul, 2003.
  • CHATTERTON, E. Keble, Dardanelless Dilemma the Story of the Naval Operations, Rich & Cowan, London, 1935.
  • CHURCHILL, Winston S., The World Crisis 1915, Thornton Butterworth Limited, London, 1927.
  • Çanakkale Boğaz Komutanlığı (Hazırlayan), Çanakkale Deniz Savaşları 1915, Deniz Basımevi Müdürlüğü, İstanbul, 2008.
  • EDWARDS, Kenneth, We Dive at Dawn, The Reilly & Lee Co., Chicago, 1941.
  • FIELD, Cyril, The Story of Submarine From the Earliest Ages to the Present Day, J. B. Lippincott Company, Philadelphia, 1908.
  • Fleets of the World 1915, J. B. Lippincott Company, Philadelphia, 1915.
  • FRAME, Tom, No Pleasure Cruise the Story of the Royal Australian Navy, Allen & Unwin, Australia, 2004.
  • FYFE, Herbert C., Submarine Warfare Past and Present, E. Grant Richards, London, 1907.
  • HALL, H. Duncan, Commonwealth a History of the British Commonwealth of Nations, Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, London, 1971.
  • HAMILTON, Ian, Gelibolu Hatıraları 1915, (çev. Mehmet Ali Yalman – Nurer Uğurlu), Örgün Yayınevi, İstanbul, 2006.
  • JAMESON, William, Submariners V.C., Periscope Publishing Ltd., Penzance, 2004.
  • JOLL, James, MARTEL, Gordon, Birinci Dünya Savaşı Neden Çıktı?, (çev. Orhan Dinç Tayanç), Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yay., İstanbul, 2016.
  • JOSE, Arthur W., Official History of Australia in the War of 1914-1918 Vol. IX The Royal Australian Navy, Angus and Robertson Ltd., Sydney, 1941.
  • KEYES, Roger, The Naval Memories of Admiral of the Fleet Sir Roger Keyes the Narrow Seas to the Dardanelles 1910-1915, Thornton Butterworth, London, 1934.
  • LANGENSIEPEN, Bernd, GÜLERYÜZ, Ahmet, The Ottoman Steam Navy 1828– 1923, Conway Maritime Press, Londra, 1995.
  • LOW, A. M., The Submarine at War, Sheriadan House, New York, 1942.
  • PATTON, George S., Gelibolu Savunması, (çev. İsmail Hakkı Yıldız), Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yay., İstanbul, 2017.
  • Rıza Bey Kaptan (Anlatan), Bahadır Dülger (Yazan), A.E.2 Denizaltı Gemisini Marmara’da Nasıl Batırdım, Akca Basımevi, İstanbul, 1947.
  • SCOTT, Ernest, The Official History of Australia in the War of 1914–1918 Vol.XI Australia During the War, Angus and Robertson Ltd., Sydney, 1941.
  • STOKER, H. G., Straws in the Wind, Herbert Jenkins Limited, London, 1925.
  • WHITE, Michael, Australian Submarines a History Vol.I, Australian Teachers of Media, St Kilda West, 2015.
  • CRAWLEY, Rhys, “The Dardanelles as a Joint Operation”, The War at Sea: 1914- 18, ed. Andrew Forbes, Sea Power Centre, Australia, 2015, ss.95-102.
  • HOOPER, Meredith, “The Naval Defence Agreement of 1887”, Australian Journal of Politics and History, Vol.14, Issue1, 1968, ss.52-74.
  • GORDON, Donald C., “The Admiralty and Dominion Navies, 1902-1914”, The Journal of Modern History, Vol.33, No.4, 1961, ss.407-422.
  • https://www.awm.gov.au/media/press-releases/hmas-ae1
  • https://www.navy.gov.au/hmas-ae2

THE FOUNDATION OF THE ROYAL AUSTRALIAN NAVY AND THE DARDANELLES ADVENTURE OF AE2 SUBMARINE

Year 2022, Volume: 22 Issue: 44, 85 - 116, 25.10.2022

Abstract

British colonies which established on the Australian continent were dependent on
Britain for the protection of the continent. The unification of the colonies to establish the
Australian state in 1901 caused important debates on defense in the Australian parliament.
While some in the parliament advocated protection by Britain, the other part advocated that
Australia had its own navy. Australia, which was initially protected by the Royal Navy, made
changes in Britain’s policies with the impact of the policies it followed and the changes in
world politics. One of the most important debates that the Australian state had in establishing
its own navy was about the submarine issue. Although there were some people that defended
the purchase of submarines, there were also those who thought that a submarine would be
unnecessary for Australia. As a result of the discussions, the Australian parliament decided to
purchase two “E” class submarines in December 1910. Australia was involved in the war with
the outbreak of World War I. The Royal Australian Navy was placed under the command of
the British Navy. During this period, the Australian submarine AE2 was sent to Dardanelles.
AE2 submarine was given the task of crossing the strait. Performing its mission successfully,
AE2 submarine became the first submarine who crosses the strait. She was sunk by Sultanhisar
torpedo boat on 30th April 1915. In this article, the foundation process of the Royal Australian
Navy and the details of the struggle between the AE2 submarine and Sultanhisar torpedo
boat are presented in the light of both Turkish and Australian sources.

References

  • Public Record Office [Kamu Kayıtları Ofisi], (PRO)
  • The Australian War Memorial [Avustralya Savaş Anıtı], (AWM)
  • The National Archives of Australia [Avustralya Ulusal Arşivi], (NAA)
  • Osmanlı Belgelerinde Çanakkale Muharebeleri I, Başbakanlık Devlet Arşivleri Genel Müdürlüğü Osmanlı Arşivi Daire Başkanlığı Yayını, Ankara, 2005.
  • Colonial Conference 1907: Minutes of Proceedings of the Colonial Conference 1907, His Majesty’s Stationery Office, London, 1907.
  • Commonwealth of Australia Parliamentary Debates Session 1903 Vol. XVI, Government Printer for the State of Victoria, Australia, 1903.
  • Commonwealth of Australia Parliamentary Debates Session 1907-8 Vol.XLII, Government Printer for the State of Victoria, Australia, 1908.
  • Sunday Times
  • The Advertiser
  • The Australasian
  • The Daily Advertiser
  • The Daily Standard
  • The Daily Telegraph
  • The Evening Star
  • The Port Pirie Recorder and North Western Mail
  • The Register
  • The Sydney Mail
  • The Sydney Morning Herald
  • The Telegraph
  • The West Australian
  • ATABEY, Figen, Çanakkale Muharebelerinin Deniz Cephesi, Türk Tarih Kurumu, Ankara, 2014.
  • ASPINALL-OGLANDER, Cecil Faber, Military Operations Gallipoli Vol.I, William Heinemann, London, 1935.
  • BAL, Nurcan (Hazırlayan), Marmara’da Denizaltı Avı Sultanhisar ve Stoker’ın Denizaltısı AE2, Deniz Basımevi Müdürlüğü, İstanbul, 2006.
  • Birinci Dünya Harbinde Türk Harbi VIII nci Cilt Deniz Harekâtı, Genelkurmay Basımevi, Ankara, 1976.
  • BEAN, C.E.W., The Official History of Australia in the War of 1914-1918 Vol.I The Story of Anzac: The First Phase of the Gallipoli Campaign May 4, 1915, Angus & Robertson Ltd., Sydney, 1941.
  • BRENCHLEY, Fred & Elizabeth, Stoker’ın Denizaltısı, (çev. Pervin Yanıkkaya), Ayhan Matbaası, İstanbul, 2003.
  • CHATTERTON, E. Keble, Dardanelless Dilemma the Story of the Naval Operations, Rich & Cowan, London, 1935.
  • CHURCHILL, Winston S., The World Crisis 1915, Thornton Butterworth Limited, London, 1927.
  • Çanakkale Boğaz Komutanlığı (Hazırlayan), Çanakkale Deniz Savaşları 1915, Deniz Basımevi Müdürlüğü, İstanbul, 2008.
  • EDWARDS, Kenneth, We Dive at Dawn, The Reilly & Lee Co., Chicago, 1941.
  • FIELD, Cyril, The Story of Submarine From the Earliest Ages to the Present Day, J. B. Lippincott Company, Philadelphia, 1908.
  • Fleets of the World 1915, J. B. Lippincott Company, Philadelphia, 1915.
  • FRAME, Tom, No Pleasure Cruise the Story of the Royal Australian Navy, Allen & Unwin, Australia, 2004.
  • FYFE, Herbert C., Submarine Warfare Past and Present, E. Grant Richards, London, 1907.
  • HALL, H. Duncan, Commonwealth a History of the British Commonwealth of Nations, Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, London, 1971.
  • HAMILTON, Ian, Gelibolu Hatıraları 1915, (çev. Mehmet Ali Yalman – Nurer Uğurlu), Örgün Yayınevi, İstanbul, 2006.
  • JAMESON, William, Submariners V.C., Periscope Publishing Ltd., Penzance, 2004.
  • JOLL, James, MARTEL, Gordon, Birinci Dünya Savaşı Neden Çıktı?, (çev. Orhan Dinç Tayanç), Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yay., İstanbul, 2016.
  • JOSE, Arthur W., Official History of Australia in the War of 1914-1918 Vol. IX The Royal Australian Navy, Angus and Robertson Ltd., Sydney, 1941.
  • KEYES, Roger, The Naval Memories of Admiral of the Fleet Sir Roger Keyes the Narrow Seas to the Dardanelles 1910-1915, Thornton Butterworth, London, 1934.
  • LANGENSIEPEN, Bernd, GÜLERYÜZ, Ahmet, The Ottoman Steam Navy 1828– 1923, Conway Maritime Press, Londra, 1995.
  • LOW, A. M., The Submarine at War, Sheriadan House, New York, 1942.
  • PATTON, George S., Gelibolu Savunması, (çev. İsmail Hakkı Yıldız), Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yay., İstanbul, 2017.
  • Rıza Bey Kaptan (Anlatan), Bahadır Dülger (Yazan), A.E.2 Denizaltı Gemisini Marmara’da Nasıl Batırdım, Akca Basımevi, İstanbul, 1947.
  • SCOTT, Ernest, The Official History of Australia in the War of 1914–1918 Vol.XI Australia During the War, Angus and Robertson Ltd., Sydney, 1941.
  • STOKER, H. G., Straws in the Wind, Herbert Jenkins Limited, London, 1925.
  • WHITE, Michael, Australian Submarines a History Vol.I, Australian Teachers of Media, St Kilda West, 2015.
  • CRAWLEY, Rhys, “The Dardanelles as a Joint Operation”, The War at Sea: 1914- 18, ed. Andrew Forbes, Sea Power Centre, Australia, 2015, ss.95-102.
  • HOOPER, Meredith, “The Naval Defence Agreement of 1887”, Australian Journal of Politics and History, Vol.14, Issue1, 1968, ss.52-74.
  • GORDON, Donald C., “The Admiralty and Dominion Navies, 1902-1914”, The Journal of Modern History, Vol.33, No.4, 1961, ss.407-422.
  • https://www.awm.gov.au/media/press-releases/hmas-ae1
  • https://www.navy.gov.au/hmas-ae2
There are 52 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Alper Karaşin 0000-0003-3485-2992

Publication Date October 25, 2022
Submission Date January 24, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 22 Issue: 44

Cite

Chicago Karaşin, Alper. “AVUSTRALYA KRALİYET DONANMASININ KURULMASI VE AE2 DENİZALTISININ ÇANAKKALE SERÜVENİ”. Çağdaş Türkiye Tarihi Araştırmaları Dergisi 22, no. 44 (October 2022): 85-116.