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An Analysis of Gender Stereotyping in English Teaching Course Books

Year 2014, , 90 - 98, 10.03.2014
https://doi.org/10.14812/cufej.2014.007

Abstract

Learners who are exposed to a new and different culture in the context of foreign language learning are viewed as reflective agents in the continuous process of identity reformation (Pavlenko and Lantolf, 2000). Course books, which are one of the main sources of target language and culture input, have a great impact in the formation of pragmatic competence and the development of relational identity. However, in the process of cultural transfer throughout course books in foreign language learning, the imposition of gender stereotyping may accompany other pragmatic traits of the target culture and interfere with the formation of relational identity. In this respect, the aim of this study is to identify implicit indications of gender role stereotyping in English teaching course books texts used for Turkish learners. The data gathered from four widely used English language course books and was analyzed using detailed textual analysis (Fairclough, 2003) so as to identify and categorize stereotyped roles for females and males. The findings depict the implicit gender roles in course books and outline the relationship between the elements of linguistic features of texts and the way they function in reinforcing gender stereotyping.

References

  • Akünal, Z. (1998). Dil ve cinsiyet: Reklam dili çözümlemesi. Çukurova Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 5(5), 187-198.
  • Arslan, Ş. A. (2000). Ders kitaplarında cinsiyetçilik. Ankara: T.C. Başbakanlık Kadının Statüsü ve Sorunları Genel Müdürlüğü Yayınları.
  • Beauvoir, S. D. (1953). The second sex. London: Jonathan Cape.
  • Bardovi-Harlig, K. & Doernyei, Z. (1998). Do language learners recognize pragmatic violations? Pragmatic vs. grammatical awareness in instructed L2 learning. TESOL Quarterly, 32, 233-259.
  • Bardovi-Harlig, K. & Hartford, B. (1996). Input in an institutional setting. Studies of Second Language Acquisition, 18, 171-188.
  • Block, D. (2007). Second language identities. London: Continuum
  • Blum-Kulka, S. (1991). Interlanguage pragmatics: The case of requests. In R. Phillipsen, E. Kellerman, L. Selinker, M. Sharwood-Smith & M. Swain (Eds). Foreign Language pedagogy research: A commemorative volume for Claus Faerch (pp. 255-272). Clevedon and Philadelphia: Multilingual Matters.
  • Boxer, D., & Cortés-Conde, F. (1997). From bonding to biting : Conversational joking and identity display. Journal of Pragmatics, 27, 275-295.
  • Brown, P. & Levinson, S. D. (1987). Politeness: Some universals in language usage. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Coates, J. (1986). Women, men and language. London: Longman.
  • Çubukçu, H., Eşme, M. & Ilerten F. (2009). How sexism operates in the basic Turkish Dictionary. In Communication Interculturelle et Litterature, International conference on Paradigma discursulu İdeologue,Galati, Edutura Europus, Nr.2(6).
  • Davies, B. (1995). Gender bias in school textbooks. London: Commonwealth Secretariat.
  • Duranti, A. (2001). Linguistic anthropology: A reader. Blackwell, Oxford.
  • Delen, B. & Tavil, Z. M. (2010). Evaluation of four course books in terms of three speech acts: Requests, refusals and complaints. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, 9, 692–697.
  • Ellis, R. (1994). The study of second language acquisition. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Esen, Y. & Bağlı, M. T. (2002). İlköğretim ders kitaplarındaki kadın ve erkek resimlerine ilişkin bir inceleme. Ankara Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi, 35, (1-2), 143-154.
  • Fairclough,N. (2003). Analyzing discourse and text: Textual analysis for social research. London: Routledge.
  • Gu, M. M.(2010). Identities constructed in difference: English language learners in China. Journal of Pragmatics, 42, 139-152.
  • Hellinger, M. & Bußmann, H. (2001). Gender across languages: The linguistic representation of women and men. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
  • Helvacıoğlu, F. (1996). Ders kitaplarinda cinsiyetçilik 1928-1995. Ankara: Kaynak Yayınları.
  • Hodkinson, H. & Hodkinson, P.(1999). Teaching to learn, learning to teach? School- based non-teaching activity in an initial teacher education and training partnership scheme. Teaching and Teacher Education, 15(3), 273–285.
  • Kanno, Y. ( 2003). Negotiating bilingual and bicultural identities: Japanese returnees betwixt two worlds. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
  • Kasper, G. & Roever, C. (2005). Pragmatics in second language learning. In E. Hinkel (Ed.), Handbook of Research in second language Teaching and Learning (v.1), (pp. 317-334). New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, İnc., Publishers.
  • Kasper, G. & Rose, K. R. (2002). Pragmatic development in a second language. Michigan: Blackwell.
  • Mey, Jacob L. (2001). Pragmatics: An Introduction (2nd ed). Oxford/Malden, MA: Blackwell.
  • Michel, A. (1986). Down with stereotypes! Eliminating sexism from children’s literature and school textbooks. Paris: UNESCO.
  • Mkuchu, S. G. V. (2004). Gender roles in textbooks as a function of hidden curriculum in Tanzania primary schools. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of South Africa.
  • Norton, P. B. (1995). Social identity, investment and language learning. TESOL Quarterly, 29, 9-31.
  • Pavlenko, A. & Lantolf, J. P. (2000). Second language learning as participation and the (re)construction of selves. In J.P.Lantolf (Eds.) Sociocultural theory and second language learning (pp.155-177). New York : Oxford University Press.
  • Philips, S. U. (2004). Language and social inequality. A. Duranti (Ed.), Companion to linguistic anthropology. Blackwell: London.
  • Poulou, S.(1997). Sexism in the discourse roles of textbook dialogues. Language Learning Journal, 15, 68–73.
  • Salazar Campillo, P. (2007). Examining mitigation in requests: A focus on transcripts in ELT coursebooks. In E. Alcón Soler, & M. P. Safont (Eds.), Intercultural Language Use and Language Learning (pp. 207-222). The Netherlands: Springer.
  • Schimdt, R. (2001). Attention. In P. Robinson (Ed.), Cognition and second language instruction (pp. 3-33). New York: Cambridge University Press.
  • Tasmajian, D. (2002). Socialization skills acquired by elementary school children. Under-graduate Research Journal for the Human Sciences, 1. Retrieved May 02, 2012 from http://www.kon.org/urc/tasmajian.html.
  • TDK. (2005). Essential Turkish dictionary. Türk Dil Kurumu Yayını: Ankara, Turkey.
  • Thomas, J. (1983). Cross-cultural pragmatic failure. Applied Linguistics, 4(2), 91-112.

Meral ŞEKER a*, Ayça DİNÇERa

Year 2014, , 90 - 98, 10.03.2014
https://doi.org/10.14812/cufej.2014.007

Abstract

References

  • Akünal, Z. (1998). Dil ve cinsiyet: Reklam dili çözümlemesi. Çukurova Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 5(5), 187-198.
  • Arslan, Ş. A. (2000). Ders kitaplarında cinsiyetçilik. Ankara: T.C. Başbakanlık Kadının Statüsü ve Sorunları Genel Müdürlüğü Yayınları.
  • Beauvoir, S. D. (1953). The second sex. London: Jonathan Cape.
  • Bardovi-Harlig, K. & Doernyei, Z. (1998). Do language learners recognize pragmatic violations? Pragmatic vs. grammatical awareness in instructed L2 learning. TESOL Quarterly, 32, 233-259.
  • Bardovi-Harlig, K. & Hartford, B. (1996). Input in an institutional setting. Studies of Second Language Acquisition, 18, 171-188.
  • Block, D. (2007). Second language identities. London: Continuum
  • Blum-Kulka, S. (1991). Interlanguage pragmatics: The case of requests. In R. Phillipsen, E. Kellerman, L. Selinker, M. Sharwood-Smith & M. Swain (Eds). Foreign Language pedagogy research: A commemorative volume for Claus Faerch (pp. 255-272). Clevedon and Philadelphia: Multilingual Matters.
  • Boxer, D., & Cortés-Conde, F. (1997). From bonding to biting : Conversational joking and identity display. Journal of Pragmatics, 27, 275-295.
  • Brown, P. & Levinson, S. D. (1987). Politeness: Some universals in language usage. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Coates, J. (1986). Women, men and language. London: Longman.
  • Çubukçu, H., Eşme, M. & Ilerten F. (2009). How sexism operates in the basic Turkish Dictionary. In Communication Interculturelle et Litterature, International conference on Paradigma discursulu İdeologue,Galati, Edutura Europus, Nr.2(6).
  • Davies, B. (1995). Gender bias in school textbooks. London: Commonwealth Secretariat.
  • Duranti, A. (2001). Linguistic anthropology: A reader. Blackwell, Oxford.
  • Delen, B. & Tavil, Z. M. (2010). Evaluation of four course books in terms of three speech acts: Requests, refusals and complaints. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, 9, 692–697.
  • Ellis, R. (1994). The study of second language acquisition. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Esen, Y. & Bağlı, M. T. (2002). İlköğretim ders kitaplarındaki kadın ve erkek resimlerine ilişkin bir inceleme. Ankara Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi, 35, (1-2), 143-154.
  • Fairclough,N. (2003). Analyzing discourse and text: Textual analysis for social research. London: Routledge.
  • Gu, M. M.(2010). Identities constructed in difference: English language learners in China. Journal of Pragmatics, 42, 139-152.
  • Hellinger, M. & Bußmann, H. (2001). Gender across languages: The linguistic representation of women and men. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
  • Helvacıoğlu, F. (1996). Ders kitaplarinda cinsiyetçilik 1928-1995. Ankara: Kaynak Yayınları.
  • Hodkinson, H. & Hodkinson, P.(1999). Teaching to learn, learning to teach? School- based non-teaching activity in an initial teacher education and training partnership scheme. Teaching and Teacher Education, 15(3), 273–285.
  • Kanno, Y. ( 2003). Negotiating bilingual and bicultural identities: Japanese returnees betwixt two worlds. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
  • Kasper, G. & Roever, C. (2005). Pragmatics in second language learning. In E. Hinkel (Ed.), Handbook of Research in second language Teaching and Learning (v.1), (pp. 317-334). New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, İnc., Publishers.
  • Kasper, G. & Rose, K. R. (2002). Pragmatic development in a second language. Michigan: Blackwell.
  • Mey, Jacob L. (2001). Pragmatics: An Introduction (2nd ed). Oxford/Malden, MA: Blackwell.
  • Michel, A. (1986). Down with stereotypes! Eliminating sexism from children’s literature and school textbooks. Paris: UNESCO.
  • Mkuchu, S. G. V. (2004). Gender roles in textbooks as a function of hidden curriculum in Tanzania primary schools. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of South Africa.
  • Norton, P. B. (1995). Social identity, investment and language learning. TESOL Quarterly, 29, 9-31.
  • Pavlenko, A. & Lantolf, J. P. (2000). Second language learning as participation and the (re)construction of selves. In J.P.Lantolf (Eds.) Sociocultural theory and second language learning (pp.155-177). New York : Oxford University Press.
  • Philips, S. U. (2004). Language and social inequality. A. Duranti (Ed.), Companion to linguistic anthropology. Blackwell: London.
  • Poulou, S.(1997). Sexism in the discourse roles of textbook dialogues. Language Learning Journal, 15, 68–73.
  • Salazar Campillo, P. (2007). Examining mitigation in requests: A focus on transcripts in ELT coursebooks. In E. Alcón Soler, & M. P. Safont (Eds.), Intercultural Language Use and Language Learning (pp. 207-222). The Netherlands: Springer.
  • Schimdt, R. (2001). Attention. In P. Robinson (Ed.), Cognition and second language instruction (pp. 3-33). New York: Cambridge University Press.
  • Tasmajian, D. (2002). Socialization skills acquired by elementary school children. Under-graduate Research Journal for the Human Sciences, 1. Retrieved May 02, 2012 from http://www.kon.org/urc/tasmajian.html.
  • TDK. (2005). Essential Turkish dictionary. Türk Dil Kurumu Yayını: Ankara, Turkey.
  • Thomas, J. (1983). Cross-cultural pragmatic failure. Applied Linguistics, 4(2), 91-112.
There are 36 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Article
Authors

Meral Şeker This is me

Ayça Dinçer

Publication Date March 10, 2014
Submission Date March 10, 2014
Published in Issue Year 2014

Cite

APA Şeker, M., & Dinçer, A. (2014). An Analysis of Gender Stereotyping in English Teaching Course Books. Çukurova Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 43(1), 90-98. https://doi.org/10.14812/cufej.2014.007

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