Kültürlerarası Bir Bakış Açısından Yükseköğretimde Uluslararasılaşmaya Yönelik Öğretim Elemanlarının Deneyimleri, Görüşleri ve Karşılaştıkları Zorluklar

Abstract

Bu makale, nedensel-karşılaştırmalı bir araştırma ile iki farklı kültürel bağlamda öğretim elemanlarının yükseköğretimde uluslararasılaşmaya ilişkin deneyim, görüş ve algıladıkları zorlukları incelemektedir. Çalışmaya katılan öğretim elemanları (N = 216) ABD'nin kuzeydoğusundaki bir üniversite ile Türkiye'de Orta Anadolu'da bir üniversitede görev yapmaktadırlar. Veriler, Uluslararasılaşmanın Durumu Ölçeği ve Uluslararası Eğitimin Zorlukları Ölçeği kullanılarak elektronik ortamda toplanmıştır. Verilerin analizi betimsel istatistikler ve tek yönlü çok değişkenli varyans analizi ile yapılmıştır. Çalışma bulguları, iki farklı kültürel bağlamı temsil eden kurumlardaki öğretim elemanlarının uluslararasılaşma süreçlerinde farklı zorluklarla karşılaştıklarını göstermektedir. Uluslararası öğrenci alıcısı olarak Batılı bağlamı temsil eden örneklemin yurtdışında daha az uluslararasılaşma eğiliminde olduğu ve özellikle farklı öğrenci gruplarına yönelik öğretim süreçleri ile kültürlerarası iletişim konularında zorlandığı anlaşılmaktadır. Batılı bağlamda olmayan örneklemin ise yurtdışında daha çok uluslararasılaştıkları ve kendi programlarını İngilizce eğitimi benimsemeleri ve uluslararası eğitim programı araçlarını kullanmaları nedeniyle daha uluslararasılaşmış olarak gördükleri bulunmuştur. Bu araştırma genel olarak üniversitelerin giderek daha karmaşık bir hale geldiğini ve üniversitelerde sadece uluslararası öğrencilerin ihtiyaçlarını karşılamaya yönelik değil, aynı zamanda küresel bağlamda işbirliğine dayalı araştırmalara yönelik politikaların geliştirilmesi gerektiğini ortaya koymaktadır.

Keywords

• Uluslararasılaşma
• Karşılaşmalı çalışma
• Batı yüksek öğretimi
• Batı dışı yüksek öğretim
• Öğretim elemanı bakış açısı

Faculty Experiences, Views, and Challenges on Internationalization in Higher Education from a Cross-Cultural Perspective

Abstract

This paper explores faculty experiences, visions and their perceived challenges of internationalization in higher education in two different cultural contexts through a causal-comparative research. The participating faculty (N = 216) were affiliated with a university in the Northeast of the USA and a university in Mid-Anatolia in Turkey. Data were collected through Status of Internationalization Scale and the Challenges of International Education Scale and analyzed employing descriptive statistics and one-way between-groups multivariate analyses. The study findings indicate that faculty are challenged differently by the internationalization process in the two cultural contexts. The sample in the west tends to internationalize less abroad as receivers of international students and are especially challenged to teach diverse student populations and dealing with cross-cultural communication. The faculty in non-west internationalize more abroad and view their curriculum as international due to adopting an Anglophone education and utilizing international curriculum instruments. The study overall reveals that universities become increasingly complex and should establish policies not only to address international student needs, but also promote policies for collaborative research in a global context.

Keywords

• Internationalization
• Comparative Study
• Western Higher Education
• Non-western Higher Education
• Faculty Perspective

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