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SENSE OF SCHOOL BELONGING AMONG ELEMENTARY SCHOOL STUDENTS

Year 2012, Volume: 41 Issue: 1, 1 - 11, 08.03.2014

Abstract

The main purpose of this study was to investigate elementary school students' sense of school belonging. The Psychological Sense of School Membership Scale was administrated to 364 (174 female and 190 male) students, attending sixth-, seventh- and eighth-grade in Adana, Turkey. To analyze the gathered data, descriptive statistics were investigated and, one-way analysis of variance and t-test were performed. The findings indicated that female students had significantly higher sense of school belonging and a lower feeling of rejection in school and, significant differences were found in favor of the students who have higher academic achievement. It is also found that students who were attending to the schools that have middle and high socio-economic status have higher sense of school membership.

References

  • Adelabu, D. D. (2007). Time perspective and school membership as correlates to academic achievement among African American adolescents. Adolescence, 42(167), 525-538.
  • Akşit, N. (2007). Educational reform in Turkey. International Journal of Educational Development, 27, 129–137.
  • -
  • Alacacı, C., & Erbaş, A. K. (2010). Unpacking the inequality among Turkish schools: Findings from PISA 2006. International Journal of Educational Development, 30, 182–192.
  • Anderman, E. M. (2002). School effects on psychological outcomes during adolescence. Journal of Educational Psychology, 94, 795 – 809.
  • Arastaman, G. (2006). Ankara ili lise birinci sınıf öğrencilerinin okula bağlılık durumlarına ilişkin öğrenci, öğretmen ve yöneticilerin görüşleri [The opinions of students, teachers and administrators in Ankara province in relation to freshman high school students’ school engagement]. Unpublished master thesis, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey.
  • -
  • Archambault, I., Janosz, M., Fallu, J. S., & Pagani, L. S. (2009). Student engagement and its relationship with early high school dropout. Journal of Adolescence, 32, 651-670.
  • Bilgiç, S. (2009). İlköğretim öğrencilerinde okul yaşam kalitesi algısının arkadaşlara bağlılık ve empatik sınıf atmosferi değişkenleriyle ilişkisinin incelenmesi [Investigation of the relationships between the perception of school life quality and the variables of attachment to friends and empathic classroom atmosphere among elementary school students]. Unpublished master thesis, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey.
  • Booker, K. C. (2004). Exploring school belonging and academic achievement in African American adolescents. Curriculum and Teaching Dialogue, 6(2), 131-143.
  • Bond, L., Butler, H., Thomas, L., Carlin, J., Glover, S., Bowes, G., & Patton, G. (2007). Social and school connectedness in early secondary school as predictors of late teenage substance use, mental health, and academic outcomes. Journal of Adolescent Health, 40 (4), 357-366.
  • Cemalcılar, Z. (2010). Schools as socialisation contexts: Understanding the impact of school climate factors on students’ sense of school belonging. Applied Psychology: An International Review, 59 (2), 243–272.
  • Cheung, H. Y. (2004). Comparing Shanghai and Hong Kong students’ psychological sense of school membership. Asia Pacific Education Review, 5(1), 34-38.
  • Cheung, H. Y., & Hui, K. F. S. (2003). Mainland immigrant and Hong Kong local students’ psychological sense of school membership. Asia Pacific Education Review, 4(1), 67-74.
  • Durmaz, A. (2008). Liselerde okul yaşam kalitesi (Kırklareli ili örneği) [(Quality of School Life in High Schools (The Case of Kırklareli Province)]. Unpublished master thesis, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey.
  • Ekşioğlu, S., Sürücü, M. ve Arastaman, G. (2009, October). Lise öğrencilerinin okula bağlılıklarını yordayan değişkenlerin incelenmesi (Investigation of predictive variables of school membership among high school students). Paper presented at the XVIII. National Educational Sciences Conference, Ege University, Izmir.
  • Finn, J. (1989). Withdrawing from school. Review of Educational Research, 59, 117-142.
  • Fredericks, J. A., Blumenfeld, P. C., & Paris, A. H. (2004). School engagement: Potential of the concept, and state of the evidence. Review of Educational Research, 74(1), 59-109.
  • Goodenow, C. (1992, April). School motivation, engagement, and sense of belonging among urban adolescent students. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association, San Francisco, CA.
  • -
  • Goodenow, C. (1993a).The psychological sense of school membership among adolescents: Scale development and educational correlates. Psychology in the Schools, 30, 79-90.
  • Goodenow, C. (1993b). Classroom belonging among early adolescent students: Relationships to motivation and achievement. Journal of Early Adolescence, 13, 21-43.
  • Goodenow, C., & Grady, K. E. (1993). The Relationship of school belonging and friends' values to academic motivation among urban adolescent students. Journal of Experimental Education, 62 (1), 60-71.
  • Gutman, L. M. & Midgley, C. (2000). The role of protective factors in supporting the academic achievement of poor African American students during the middle school transition. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 29 (2), 223-248.
  • Hagborg, W. J. (1994). An exploration of school membership among middle and high school students. Journal of Psychological Assessment, 12, 312-323.
  • Hagborg, W. J. (1998). An investigation of a brief measure of school membership. Adolescence, 99 (130), 461–468.
  • Hallinan, M. T. (2008). Teacher influences on students' attachment to school. Sociology of Education, 81(3), 271-283.
  • Israelashvili, M. (1997). School adjustment, school membership, and adolescents’ future expectations. Journal of Adolescence, 20, 525–535.
  • Majeed, A., Fraser, B. J., & Aldridge, J. M. (2002). Learning environment and its association with students satisfaction among mathematics students in Brunei Darussalam. Learning Environments Research, 5, 203-226.
  • McMahon, S. D., Parnes, A.L., Keys, C. B., & Viola, J. J. (2008). School belonging among low-income urban youth with disabilities: Testing a theoretical model. Psychology in the Schools, 45(5), 387-401.
  • Nichols, S. L. (2006). Teachers’ and students’ beliefs about student belonging in one middle school. Elementary School Journal, 106 (3), 255–271.
  • Nichols, S. L. (2008). An exploration of students’ belongingness beliefs in one middle school. Journal of Experimental Education, 76(2), 145–169.
  • Osterman, K. F. (2000). Students’ need for belonging in the school community. Review of Educational Research, 70(3), 323–367.
  • Özdemir, S., Sezgin, F., Şirin, H., Karip, E., & Erkan, S. (2010). Examining the variables predicting primary school students’ perceptions of school climate. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 38, 213-224.
  • Sakalli, N., & Beydogan, B. (2002). Turkish college students' attitudes toward women managers: The effects of patriarchy, sexism, and gender differences. Journal of Psychology, 136 (6), 647-656.
  • Sarı, M. (2007). Demokratk değerlerin kazananımı sürecinde örtük program: Düşük ve yüksek okul yaşam kalitesine sahip iki ilköğretim okulunda nitel bir çalışma [The effect of hidden curriculum on gaining democratic values: A qualitative study in two elementary schools having low and high quality of school life]. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey.
  • Sarı, M. (2011). Adaptation of the Psychological Sense of School Membership Scale to Turkish. Manuscript submitted for publication
  • Sirin, S. R. & Rogers-Sirin, L. (2004). Exploring school engagement of middle-class African American adolescents. Youth and Society, 35(3), 323-340.
  • Tao, V. Y. K., Iong, C. W. I., & Wu, A. M. S. (2008). Part-time employment and sense of school belonging among university students in Macao. Journal of Psychology in Chinese Societies, 9(1), 67–84.
  • Uwah, C. J., McMahon, H. G., & Furlow, C. F. (2008). School belonging, educational aspirations, and academic self-efficacy among African American male high school students: Implications for school counselors. Professional School Counseling, 11(5), 296-305.
Year 2012, Volume: 41 Issue: 1, 1 - 11, 08.03.2014

Abstract

References

  • Adelabu, D. D. (2007). Time perspective and school membership as correlates to academic achievement among African American adolescents. Adolescence, 42(167), 525-538.
  • Akşit, N. (2007). Educational reform in Turkey. International Journal of Educational Development, 27, 129–137.
  • -
  • Alacacı, C., & Erbaş, A. K. (2010). Unpacking the inequality among Turkish schools: Findings from PISA 2006. International Journal of Educational Development, 30, 182–192.
  • Anderman, E. M. (2002). School effects on psychological outcomes during adolescence. Journal of Educational Psychology, 94, 795 – 809.
  • Arastaman, G. (2006). Ankara ili lise birinci sınıf öğrencilerinin okula bağlılık durumlarına ilişkin öğrenci, öğretmen ve yöneticilerin görüşleri [The opinions of students, teachers and administrators in Ankara province in relation to freshman high school students’ school engagement]. Unpublished master thesis, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey.
  • -
  • Archambault, I., Janosz, M., Fallu, J. S., & Pagani, L. S. (2009). Student engagement and its relationship with early high school dropout. Journal of Adolescence, 32, 651-670.
  • Bilgiç, S. (2009). İlköğretim öğrencilerinde okul yaşam kalitesi algısının arkadaşlara bağlılık ve empatik sınıf atmosferi değişkenleriyle ilişkisinin incelenmesi [Investigation of the relationships between the perception of school life quality and the variables of attachment to friends and empathic classroom atmosphere among elementary school students]. Unpublished master thesis, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey.
  • Booker, K. C. (2004). Exploring school belonging and academic achievement in African American adolescents. Curriculum and Teaching Dialogue, 6(2), 131-143.
  • Bond, L., Butler, H., Thomas, L., Carlin, J., Glover, S., Bowes, G., & Patton, G. (2007). Social and school connectedness in early secondary school as predictors of late teenage substance use, mental health, and academic outcomes. Journal of Adolescent Health, 40 (4), 357-366.
  • Cemalcılar, Z. (2010). Schools as socialisation contexts: Understanding the impact of school climate factors on students’ sense of school belonging. Applied Psychology: An International Review, 59 (2), 243–272.
  • Cheung, H. Y. (2004). Comparing Shanghai and Hong Kong students’ psychological sense of school membership. Asia Pacific Education Review, 5(1), 34-38.
  • Cheung, H. Y., & Hui, K. F. S. (2003). Mainland immigrant and Hong Kong local students’ psychological sense of school membership. Asia Pacific Education Review, 4(1), 67-74.
  • Durmaz, A. (2008). Liselerde okul yaşam kalitesi (Kırklareli ili örneği) [(Quality of School Life in High Schools (The Case of Kırklareli Province)]. Unpublished master thesis, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey.
  • Ekşioğlu, S., Sürücü, M. ve Arastaman, G. (2009, October). Lise öğrencilerinin okula bağlılıklarını yordayan değişkenlerin incelenmesi (Investigation of predictive variables of school membership among high school students). Paper presented at the XVIII. National Educational Sciences Conference, Ege University, Izmir.
  • Finn, J. (1989). Withdrawing from school. Review of Educational Research, 59, 117-142.
  • Fredericks, J. A., Blumenfeld, P. C., & Paris, A. H. (2004). School engagement: Potential of the concept, and state of the evidence. Review of Educational Research, 74(1), 59-109.
  • Goodenow, C. (1992, April). School motivation, engagement, and sense of belonging among urban adolescent students. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association, San Francisco, CA.
  • -
  • Goodenow, C. (1993a).The psychological sense of school membership among adolescents: Scale development and educational correlates. Psychology in the Schools, 30, 79-90.
  • Goodenow, C. (1993b). Classroom belonging among early adolescent students: Relationships to motivation and achievement. Journal of Early Adolescence, 13, 21-43.
  • Goodenow, C., & Grady, K. E. (1993). The Relationship of school belonging and friends' values to academic motivation among urban adolescent students. Journal of Experimental Education, 62 (1), 60-71.
  • Gutman, L. M. & Midgley, C. (2000). The role of protective factors in supporting the academic achievement of poor African American students during the middle school transition. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 29 (2), 223-248.
  • Hagborg, W. J. (1994). An exploration of school membership among middle and high school students. Journal of Psychological Assessment, 12, 312-323.
  • Hagborg, W. J. (1998). An investigation of a brief measure of school membership. Adolescence, 99 (130), 461–468.
  • Hallinan, M. T. (2008). Teacher influences on students' attachment to school. Sociology of Education, 81(3), 271-283.
  • Israelashvili, M. (1997). School adjustment, school membership, and adolescents’ future expectations. Journal of Adolescence, 20, 525–535.
  • Majeed, A., Fraser, B. J., & Aldridge, J. M. (2002). Learning environment and its association with students satisfaction among mathematics students in Brunei Darussalam. Learning Environments Research, 5, 203-226.
  • McMahon, S. D., Parnes, A.L., Keys, C. B., & Viola, J. J. (2008). School belonging among low-income urban youth with disabilities: Testing a theoretical model. Psychology in the Schools, 45(5), 387-401.
  • Nichols, S. L. (2006). Teachers’ and students’ beliefs about student belonging in one middle school. Elementary School Journal, 106 (3), 255–271.
  • Nichols, S. L. (2008). An exploration of students’ belongingness beliefs in one middle school. Journal of Experimental Education, 76(2), 145–169.
  • Osterman, K. F. (2000). Students’ need for belonging in the school community. Review of Educational Research, 70(3), 323–367.
  • Özdemir, S., Sezgin, F., Şirin, H., Karip, E., & Erkan, S. (2010). Examining the variables predicting primary school students’ perceptions of school climate. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 38, 213-224.
  • Sakalli, N., & Beydogan, B. (2002). Turkish college students' attitudes toward women managers: The effects of patriarchy, sexism, and gender differences. Journal of Psychology, 136 (6), 647-656.
  • Sarı, M. (2007). Demokratk değerlerin kazananımı sürecinde örtük program: Düşük ve yüksek okul yaşam kalitesine sahip iki ilköğretim okulunda nitel bir çalışma [The effect of hidden curriculum on gaining democratic values: A qualitative study in two elementary schools having low and high quality of school life]. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey.
  • Sarı, M. (2011). Adaptation of the Psychological Sense of School Membership Scale to Turkish. Manuscript submitted for publication
  • Sirin, S. R. & Rogers-Sirin, L. (2004). Exploring school engagement of middle-class African American adolescents. Youth and Society, 35(3), 323-340.
  • Tao, V. Y. K., Iong, C. W. I., & Wu, A. M. S. (2008). Part-time employment and sense of school belonging among university students in Macao. Journal of Psychology in Chinese Societies, 9(1), 67–84.
  • Uwah, C. J., McMahon, H. G., & Furlow, C. F. (2008). School belonging, educational aspirations, and academic self-efficacy among African American male high school students: Implications for school counselors. Professional School Counseling, 11(5), 296-305.
There are 40 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Article
Authors

Mediha Sarı

Publication Date March 8, 2014
Submission Date March 8, 2014
Published in Issue Year 2012 Volume: 41 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Sarı, M. (2014). SENSE OF SCHOOL BELONGING AMONG ELEMENTARY SCHOOL STUDENTS. Çukurova Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 41(1), 1-11.

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