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Okullarda İnformal İletişim Türü Olarak Söylenti ve Dedikodu Ağına İlişkin Okul Yöneticilerinin Görüşleri

Year 2020, Volume: 49 Issue: 1, 45 - 72, 28.04.2020

Abstract

Araştırmanın amacı, okul yöneticilerinin bir informal iletişim türü olan söylenti ve dedikodu ağına ilişkin görüşlerini incelemektir. Bu temel amaca yönelik olarak okul yöneticilerinin formal ve informal iletişimi tercih etme nedenleri, okullarda söylenti ve dedikodu ağı ile taşınan bilgilerin hangi konularda yoğunlaştığı ve bu ağın okullarda ne tür sonuçlar doğurduğu belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Nitel bir çalışma olan araştırma olgubilim yöntemi ile desenlenmiştir. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu maksimum çeşitlilik örneklemesi ile belirlenen 15 okul yöneticisi oluşturmuştur. Araştırmanın verileri, içerik analizi yöntemi ile analiz edilmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda, okul yöneticilerinin başarıyı arttırma, okul kültürünü güçlendirme, kararlara katılımı sağlama, okul üyelerinin sosyalleşmelerini sağlama, motivasyonu arttırma gibi nedenlerle informal iletişimi daha fazla tercih ettikleri belirlenmiştir. Okullarda söylenti ve dedikodu ağı ile taşınan bilgilerin özellikle okulun yönetimi, diğer öğretmenler, özlük hakları, öğrenciler ve siyasi konular üzerinde yoğunlaştığı belirlenmiştir. Son olarak okullardaki dedikodu ve söylenti ağının hem olumlu hem olumsuz sonuçları olduğu ortaya konmuştur.

References

  • Aertsen, T. & Gelders, D. (2011). Differences between the public and private communication of rumor. A pilot survey in Belgium. Public Relations Review, 37(3), 281-291.
  • Akande, A. & Odewale, F. (1994). One more time: How to stop company rumours. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 15(4), 27-30.
  • Altuntaș, S., Șahin Altun, Ö. & Çevik Akyil, R. (2014). The nurses’ form of organizational communication: What is the role of gossip?. Contemporary Nurse, 48(1), 109-116.
  • Anfara, V. A., Brown, K. M. & Mangione, T. L. (2002). Qualitative analysis on stage: Making the research process more public. Educational Researcher, 31(7), 28-38.
  • Arabacı, B. İ., Sünkür, M. & Şimşek, F. Z. (2012). Öğretmenlerin dedikodu ve söylenti mekanizmasına ilişkin görüşleri: Nitel bir çalışma. Kuram ve Uygulamada Eğitim Yönetimi Dergisi, 18(2), 171-190.
  • Atak, M. (2005). Örgütlerde resmi olmayan iletişimin yeri ve önemi. Havacılık ve Uzay Teknolojileri Dergisi, 2(2), 59-67.
  • Başkale, H. (2016). Nitel araştırmalarda, geçerlik, güvenirlik ve örneklem büyüklüğünün belirlenmesi. DEUHFED, 9(1), 23-28.
  • Berkos, K. M. (2003). The effects of message direction and sex differences on the interpretation of workplace gossip. Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi. Louisiana, ABD: University of Agricultural and Mechanical College.
  • Bidwell, C. E. (2001). Analyzing schools as organizations: Long-term permanence and short-term change. Sociology of Education, 74, 100-114.
  • Burke, L. A. & Wise, J. M. (2003). The effective care, handling and pruning of the office grapevine. Business Horizons, 46(3), 71-76.
  • Chan, Y. E. (2002). Why haven’t we mastered alignment? The importance of the informal organization structure. MIS Quarterly Executive, 1(2), 97-112.
  • Clegg, S. R. & van Iterson, A. (2009). Dishing the dirt: gossiping in organizations. Culture and Organization, 15(3-4), 275-289.
  • Coburn, C. E. (2001). Collective sensemaking about reading: How teachers mediate reading policy in their professional communities. Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, 23(2), 145-170.
  • Coyne, I. T. (1997). Sampling in qualitative research. Purposeful and theoretical sampling; merging or clear boundaries?. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 26(3), 623-630.
  • Crampton, S. M., Hodge, J. W. & Mishra, J. M. (1998). The informal communication network: Factors influencing grapevine activity. Public Personnel Management, 27(4), 569-584.
  • Çağlar, Ç., Uğurlu, C. T. & Güneş, H. (2013). Teachers’ views concerning the function of gossips in primary schools. Electronic Journal of Social Sciences, 12(45), 1-16.
  • De Gouveia, C. M., Van Vuuren, L. J. & Crafford, A. (2005). Towards a typology of gossip in the workplace. SA Journal of Human Resources Management 3(2), 56-68.
  • DiCicco‐Bloom, B. & Crabtree, B. F. (2006). The qualitative research interview. Medical Education, 40(4), 314-321.
  • DiFonzo, N. & Bordia, P. (2000). How top PR professionals handle hearsay: Corporate rumor, their effects, and strategies to manage them. Public Relations Review, 26(2), 173-190.
  • DiFonzo, N. & Bordia, P. (2007). Rumor, gossip and urban legends. Diogenes, 213, 19-35.
  • DiFonzo, N., Bordia, P. & Rosnow, R. L. (1994). Reining in rumor. Organizational Dynamics, 23(1), 47-62.
  • Dunbar, R. I., Marriott, A. & Duncan, N. D. (1997). Human conversational behavior. Human Nature, 8(3), 231-246.
  • Eroğlu, E. (2005). Yöneticilerin dedikodu ve söylentiye yönelik davranış biçimlerinin belirlenmesi. Manas Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 13, 203-218.
  • Eşkin-Bacaksız, F. & Yıldırım, A. (2015). Dedikodu ve söylentiler: Hastanelerdeki durum ve hemşirelerin tutumları. Sağlık ve Hemşirelik Yönetimi Dergisi, 2(3), 113-120.
  • Foster, E. K. (2004). Research on gossip: Taxonomy, methods, and future directions. Review of General Psychology, 8(2), 78-99.
  • Goldhaber, G. M. (1990). Organizational communication (5th Edition). Dubuque, Iowa: W.C. Brown Co.
  • Graneheim, U. H. & Lundman, B. (2004). Qualitative content analysis in nursing research: concepts, procedures and measures to achieve trustworthiness. Nurse Education Today, 24(2), 105-112.
  • Groenewald, T. (2004). A phenomenological research design illustrated. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 3(1), 42-55.
  • Grosser, T. J., Lopez-Kidwell, V. & Labianca, G. (2010). A social network analysis of positive and negative gossip in organizational life. Group & Organization Management, 35(2), 177-212.
  • Grosser, T. J., Lopez-Kidwell, V., Labianca, G. J. & Ellwardt, L. (2012). Hearing it through the grapevine: Positive and negative workplace gossip. Organizational Dynamics, 41, 52-61.
  • Guba, E. G. (1981). Criteria for assessing the trustworthiness of naturalistic inquiries. ECTJ/ERIC Annual Review Paper, 29(2), 75-91.
  • Guba, E. G. & Lincoln, Y. S. (1982). Epistemological and methodological bases of naturalistic inquiry. ECTJ, 30(4), 233-252.
  • Gürgen, H. (1997). Örgütlerde iletişim kalitesi. İstanbul: Der Yayınları.
  • Hallett, T., Harger, B. & Eder, D. (2009). Gossip at work: Unsanctioned evaluative talk in formal school meetings. Journal of Contemporary Ethnography, 38(5), 584-618.
  • Hsieh, H. F. & Shannon, S. E. (2005). Three approaches to qualitative content analysis. Qualitative Health Research, 15(9), 1277-1288.
  • Houmanfar, R. & Johnson, R. (2004). Organizational implications of gossip and rumor. Journal of Organizational Behavior Management, 23(2-3), 117-138.
  • Hoy, W. K. & Miskel, C. G. (2010). Eğitim yönetimi (Çev: Selahattin Turan) (7. Baskıdan Çeviri). Ankara: Nobel Yayıncılık.
  • Kieffer, C. C. (2013). Rumor and gossip as forms of bullying: Sticks and stones?. Psychoanalytic Inquiry, 33(2), 90-104.
  • Krachardt, D. & Hanson, J. R. (1993). Informal networks: the company behind the charts. Harvard Business Review, 71(4), 104-111.
  • Kraut, R. E., Fish, R. S., Root, R. W. & Chalfonte, B. L. (1990). Informal communication in organizations: Form, function, and technology. I. S. Oskamp ve S. Spacapan. (Eds). Human reactions to technology: Claremont symposium on applied social psychology içinde (s. 145-199), Beverly Hills, CA: SAGE Publications.
  • Kurland, N. B. & Pelled, L. H. (2000). Passing the word: Toward a model of gossip and power in the workplace. Academy of Management Review, 25(2), .428-438.
  • Leblebici, D. N., Yıldız, H. H. & Karasoy, A. (2009). Örgütsel yaşamda dedikodunun algılanışı ve araçsallığı. Sosyal ve Ekonomik Araştırmalar Dergisi, 18, 561-574.
  • Longhurst, R. (2016). Semi-structured interviews and focus groups. N. Clifford, M. Cope, T. Gillespie ve S French. (Eds). Key methods in geography içinde (s.143-156), (Third Edition), London: SAGE Publication Ltd.
  • Merriam, S. (1995). What Can You Tell From An N ofl?: Issues of validity and reliability in qualitative research. PAACE Journal of Lifelong Learning, 4, 50-60.
  • Michelson, G. & Mouly, S. (2000). Rumour and gossip in organisations: A conceptual study. Management Decision, 38(5), 339-346.
  • Michelson, G. & Mouly, V. S. (2004). Do loose lips sink ships? The meaning, antecedents and consequences of rumour and gossip in organisations. Corporate Communications: An International Journal, 9(3), 189-201.
  • Michelson, G., van Iterson, A. & Waddington, K. (2010). Gossip in organizations: Contexts, consequences and controversies. Groups & Organization Management, 35(4), 371-390.
  • Özdemir, S. (2010). Türk eğitim sisteminin yapısı, eğilimleri ve sorunları. Servet Özdemir (Ed.). Türk eğitim sistemi ve okul yönetimi içinde (s.1-47), (3. Baskı), Ankara: Nobel Yayın Dağıtım.
  • Postmes, T., Tanis, M. & De Wit, B. (2001). Communication and commitment in organizations: A social identity approach. Group Processes & Intergroup Relations, 4(3), 227-246.
  • Potter, J. W. & Levine-Donnerstein, D. (1999). Rethinking validity and reliability in content analysis. Journal of Applied Communication Research, 27(3), 258-284.
  • Salmons, J. (2009). Online interviews in real time. Thousand Oaks, California: SAGE Publications, Inc.
  • Solmaz, B. (2004). Söylentilerin kurumsal iletişim açısından değerlendirilmesi ve bir uygulama örneği. Selçuk Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi Akademik Dergisi, 3(3), 120-127.
  • Solmaz, B. (2006). Söylenti ve dedikodu yönetimi. Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 16, 565-575.
  • Tosun, K. (1987). İşletme yönetimi. İstanbul: İstanbul Üniversitesi Yayınları.
  • Ülgen, H. & Mirze, S. K. (2007). İşletmelerde stratejik yönetim. (4. Basım). İstanbul: Arıkan Basım Yayım Dağıtım.
  • Waddington, K. & Fletcher, C. (2005). Gossip and emotion in nursing and health-care organizations. Journal of Health Organization and Management, 19(4/5), 378-394.
  • Weick, K. E. (1976). Educational organizations as loosely coupled systems. Administrative Science Quarterly, 21(1), 1-19.
  • Wells, B. & Spinks, N. (1994). Managing your grapevine: A key to quality productivity. Executive Development, 7(2), 24-27.
  • Wert, S. R. & Salovey, P. (2004). A social comparison account of gossip. Review of General Psychology, 8(2), 122-137.
  • Wexley, K. N. & Yukl, G. A. (1984). Organizational behavior and personal psychology (Revised Edition). Homewood, IL: R. D. Irwin.
  • Wu, X., Kwan, H. K., Wu, L. Z., & Ma, J. The effect of workplace negative gossip on employee proactive behavior in China: The moderating role of traditionality. Journal of Business Ethics, 1-15.
  • Vural, B. A. (2003). Kurum kültürü. İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları.
  • Yıldırım, A. & Şimşek, H. (2008). Sosyal bilimlerde ni¬tel araştırma yöntemleri (Göz. Geç. 6. Baskı). Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık.
  • Zahorik, J. A. (1987). Teachers' collegial interaction: An exploratory study. The Elementary School Journal, 87(4), 385-396.

School Administrators’ Opinions on Rumor and Gossip Network as an Informal Communication Type in Schools

Year 2020, Volume: 49 Issue: 1, 45 - 72, 28.04.2020

Abstract

The aim of the study was to examine the opinions of school administrators about rumor and gossip network which is an informal communication type. For this main aim, the reasons why school administrators prefer formal or informal communication, the most preferred topics of rumor and gossip network and the possible results of this network for schools were examined. Phenomenology, one of the qualitative research methods, was used in the study. The study group consisted of 15 school administrators selected with maximum variation sampling. The data of the study was collected with a semi-structured interview form and analyzed by using content analysis method. According to the results of the research; it was determined that school administrators prefer informal communication to formal communication because they think that it increases success, enhances school culture, ensures participation in decisions, build social connections and trust among school members, increases motivation and provides foresight. It was determined that the information disseminating through the rumor and gossip network is concentrated on school management, other teachers, personal rights, students and political issues. Lastly, it was determined that the rumor and gossip network in schools had both positive and negative consequences.

References

  • Aertsen, T. & Gelders, D. (2011). Differences between the public and private communication of rumor. A pilot survey in Belgium. Public Relations Review, 37(3), 281-291.
  • Akande, A. & Odewale, F. (1994). One more time: How to stop company rumours. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 15(4), 27-30.
  • Altuntaș, S., Șahin Altun, Ö. & Çevik Akyil, R. (2014). The nurses’ form of organizational communication: What is the role of gossip?. Contemporary Nurse, 48(1), 109-116.
  • Anfara, V. A., Brown, K. M. & Mangione, T. L. (2002). Qualitative analysis on stage: Making the research process more public. Educational Researcher, 31(7), 28-38.
  • Arabacı, B. İ., Sünkür, M. & Şimşek, F. Z. (2012). Öğretmenlerin dedikodu ve söylenti mekanizmasına ilişkin görüşleri: Nitel bir çalışma. Kuram ve Uygulamada Eğitim Yönetimi Dergisi, 18(2), 171-190.
  • Atak, M. (2005). Örgütlerde resmi olmayan iletişimin yeri ve önemi. Havacılık ve Uzay Teknolojileri Dergisi, 2(2), 59-67.
  • Başkale, H. (2016). Nitel araştırmalarda, geçerlik, güvenirlik ve örneklem büyüklüğünün belirlenmesi. DEUHFED, 9(1), 23-28.
  • Berkos, K. M. (2003). The effects of message direction and sex differences on the interpretation of workplace gossip. Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi. Louisiana, ABD: University of Agricultural and Mechanical College.
  • Bidwell, C. E. (2001). Analyzing schools as organizations: Long-term permanence and short-term change. Sociology of Education, 74, 100-114.
  • Burke, L. A. & Wise, J. M. (2003). The effective care, handling and pruning of the office grapevine. Business Horizons, 46(3), 71-76.
  • Chan, Y. E. (2002). Why haven’t we mastered alignment? The importance of the informal organization structure. MIS Quarterly Executive, 1(2), 97-112.
  • Clegg, S. R. & van Iterson, A. (2009). Dishing the dirt: gossiping in organizations. Culture and Organization, 15(3-4), 275-289.
  • Coburn, C. E. (2001). Collective sensemaking about reading: How teachers mediate reading policy in their professional communities. Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, 23(2), 145-170.
  • Coyne, I. T. (1997). Sampling in qualitative research. Purposeful and theoretical sampling; merging or clear boundaries?. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 26(3), 623-630.
  • Crampton, S. M., Hodge, J. W. & Mishra, J. M. (1998). The informal communication network: Factors influencing grapevine activity. Public Personnel Management, 27(4), 569-584.
  • Çağlar, Ç., Uğurlu, C. T. & Güneş, H. (2013). Teachers’ views concerning the function of gossips in primary schools. Electronic Journal of Social Sciences, 12(45), 1-16.
  • De Gouveia, C. M., Van Vuuren, L. J. & Crafford, A. (2005). Towards a typology of gossip in the workplace. SA Journal of Human Resources Management 3(2), 56-68.
  • DiCicco‐Bloom, B. & Crabtree, B. F. (2006). The qualitative research interview. Medical Education, 40(4), 314-321.
  • DiFonzo, N. & Bordia, P. (2000). How top PR professionals handle hearsay: Corporate rumor, their effects, and strategies to manage them. Public Relations Review, 26(2), 173-190.
  • DiFonzo, N. & Bordia, P. (2007). Rumor, gossip and urban legends. Diogenes, 213, 19-35.
  • DiFonzo, N., Bordia, P. & Rosnow, R. L. (1994). Reining in rumor. Organizational Dynamics, 23(1), 47-62.
  • Dunbar, R. I., Marriott, A. & Duncan, N. D. (1997). Human conversational behavior. Human Nature, 8(3), 231-246.
  • Eroğlu, E. (2005). Yöneticilerin dedikodu ve söylentiye yönelik davranış biçimlerinin belirlenmesi. Manas Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 13, 203-218.
  • Eşkin-Bacaksız, F. & Yıldırım, A. (2015). Dedikodu ve söylentiler: Hastanelerdeki durum ve hemşirelerin tutumları. Sağlık ve Hemşirelik Yönetimi Dergisi, 2(3), 113-120.
  • Foster, E. K. (2004). Research on gossip: Taxonomy, methods, and future directions. Review of General Psychology, 8(2), 78-99.
  • Goldhaber, G. M. (1990). Organizational communication (5th Edition). Dubuque, Iowa: W.C. Brown Co.
  • Graneheim, U. H. & Lundman, B. (2004). Qualitative content analysis in nursing research: concepts, procedures and measures to achieve trustworthiness. Nurse Education Today, 24(2), 105-112.
  • Groenewald, T. (2004). A phenomenological research design illustrated. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 3(1), 42-55.
  • Grosser, T. J., Lopez-Kidwell, V. & Labianca, G. (2010). A social network analysis of positive and negative gossip in organizational life. Group & Organization Management, 35(2), 177-212.
  • Grosser, T. J., Lopez-Kidwell, V., Labianca, G. J. & Ellwardt, L. (2012). Hearing it through the grapevine: Positive and negative workplace gossip. Organizational Dynamics, 41, 52-61.
  • Guba, E. G. (1981). Criteria for assessing the trustworthiness of naturalistic inquiries. ECTJ/ERIC Annual Review Paper, 29(2), 75-91.
  • Guba, E. G. & Lincoln, Y. S. (1982). Epistemological and methodological bases of naturalistic inquiry. ECTJ, 30(4), 233-252.
  • Gürgen, H. (1997). Örgütlerde iletişim kalitesi. İstanbul: Der Yayınları.
  • Hallett, T., Harger, B. & Eder, D. (2009). Gossip at work: Unsanctioned evaluative talk in formal school meetings. Journal of Contemporary Ethnography, 38(5), 584-618.
  • Hsieh, H. F. & Shannon, S. E. (2005). Three approaches to qualitative content analysis. Qualitative Health Research, 15(9), 1277-1288.
  • Houmanfar, R. & Johnson, R. (2004). Organizational implications of gossip and rumor. Journal of Organizational Behavior Management, 23(2-3), 117-138.
  • Hoy, W. K. & Miskel, C. G. (2010). Eğitim yönetimi (Çev: Selahattin Turan) (7. Baskıdan Çeviri). Ankara: Nobel Yayıncılık.
  • Kieffer, C. C. (2013). Rumor and gossip as forms of bullying: Sticks and stones?. Psychoanalytic Inquiry, 33(2), 90-104.
  • Krachardt, D. & Hanson, J. R. (1993). Informal networks: the company behind the charts. Harvard Business Review, 71(4), 104-111.
  • Kraut, R. E., Fish, R. S., Root, R. W. & Chalfonte, B. L. (1990). Informal communication in organizations: Form, function, and technology. I. S. Oskamp ve S. Spacapan. (Eds). Human reactions to technology: Claremont symposium on applied social psychology içinde (s. 145-199), Beverly Hills, CA: SAGE Publications.
  • Kurland, N. B. & Pelled, L. H. (2000). Passing the word: Toward a model of gossip and power in the workplace. Academy of Management Review, 25(2), .428-438.
  • Leblebici, D. N., Yıldız, H. H. & Karasoy, A. (2009). Örgütsel yaşamda dedikodunun algılanışı ve araçsallığı. Sosyal ve Ekonomik Araştırmalar Dergisi, 18, 561-574.
  • Longhurst, R. (2016). Semi-structured interviews and focus groups. N. Clifford, M. Cope, T. Gillespie ve S French. (Eds). Key methods in geography içinde (s.143-156), (Third Edition), London: SAGE Publication Ltd.
  • Merriam, S. (1995). What Can You Tell From An N ofl?: Issues of validity and reliability in qualitative research. PAACE Journal of Lifelong Learning, 4, 50-60.
  • Michelson, G. & Mouly, S. (2000). Rumour and gossip in organisations: A conceptual study. Management Decision, 38(5), 339-346.
  • Michelson, G. & Mouly, V. S. (2004). Do loose lips sink ships? The meaning, antecedents and consequences of rumour and gossip in organisations. Corporate Communications: An International Journal, 9(3), 189-201.
  • Michelson, G., van Iterson, A. & Waddington, K. (2010). Gossip in organizations: Contexts, consequences and controversies. Groups & Organization Management, 35(4), 371-390.
  • Özdemir, S. (2010). Türk eğitim sisteminin yapısı, eğilimleri ve sorunları. Servet Özdemir (Ed.). Türk eğitim sistemi ve okul yönetimi içinde (s.1-47), (3. Baskı), Ankara: Nobel Yayın Dağıtım.
  • Postmes, T., Tanis, M. & De Wit, B. (2001). Communication and commitment in organizations: A social identity approach. Group Processes & Intergroup Relations, 4(3), 227-246.
  • Potter, J. W. & Levine-Donnerstein, D. (1999). Rethinking validity and reliability in content analysis. Journal of Applied Communication Research, 27(3), 258-284.
  • Salmons, J. (2009). Online interviews in real time. Thousand Oaks, California: SAGE Publications, Inc.
  • Solmaz, B. (2004). Söylentilerin kurumsal iletişim açısından değerlendirilmesi ve bir uygulama örneği. Selçuk Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi Akademik Dergisi, 3(3), 120-127.
  • Solmaz, B. (2006). Söylenti ve dedikodu yönetimi. Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 16, 565-575.
  • Tosun, K. (1987). İşletme yönetimi. İstanbul: İstanbul Üniversitesi Yayınları.
  • Ülgen, H. & Mirze, S. K. (2007). İşletmelerde stratejik yönetim. (4. Basım). İstanbul: Arıkan Basım Yayım Dağıtım.
  • Waddington, K. & Fletcher, C. (2005). Gossip and emotion in nursing and health-care organizations. Journal of Health Organization and Management, 19(4/5), 378-394.
  • Weick, K. E. (1976). Educational organizations as loosely coupled systems. Administrative Science Quarterly, 21(1), 1-19.
  • Wells, B. & Spinks, N. (1994). Managing your grapevine: A key to quality productivity. Executive Development, 7(2), 24-27.
  • Wert, S. R. & Salovey, P. (2004). A social comparison account of gossip. Review of General Psychology, 8(2), 122-137.
  • Wexley, K. N. & Yukl, G. A. (1984). Organizational behavior and personal psychology (Revised Edition). Homewood, IL: R. D. Irwin.
  • Wu, X., Kwan, H. K., Wu, L. Z., & Ma, J. The effect of workplace negative gossip on employee proactive behavior in China: The moderating role of traditionality. Journal of Business Ethics, 1-15.
  • Vural, B. A. (2003). Kurum kültürü. İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları.
  • Yıldırım, A. & Şimşek, H. (2008). Sosyal bilimlerde ni¬tel araştırma yöntemleri (Göz. Geç. 6. Baskı). Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık.
  • Zahorik, J. A. (1987). Teachers' collegial interaction: An exploratory study. The Elementary School Journal, 87(4), 385-396.
There are 64 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Studies on Education
Journal Section Article
Authors

Beyza Himmetoğlu 0000-0003-0757-232X

Damla Ayduğ

Coşkun Bayrak 0000-0001-5524-5206

Publication Date April 28, 2020
Submission Date December 4, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 49 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Himmetoğlu, B., Ayduğ, D., & Bayrak, C. (2020). School Administrators’ Opinions on Rumor and Gossip Network as an Informal Communication Type in Schools. Çukurova Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 49(1), 45-72. https://doi.org/10.14812/cuefd.655071

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