Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

Türkiye’de Yoksulluğun Yok Edilmesinde Hükümetin Rolünün Dinamikleri: Bir Literatür Çalışması

Year 2018, Volume: 22 Issue: 2, 169 - 193, 30.12.2018

Abstract

Son birkaç on yıllık dönem öncesine kadar
yoksulluğun yok edilmesi, modern Türkiye’nin kamu politika yapımında ve
söyleminde belirgin bir şekilde yer almadı. Ardı ardına gelen hükümetler,
yoksulluk konuları ile daha az önemde ilgilendiler ve karşılık verdiler.
Bununla birlikte, 1980’lerden sonraki milli kalkınma modelinin merkezi
muhafazakâr paradigmadan serbest piyasa sistemlerine yeni yönelişinden sonra,
yoksulluğun yok edilmesi yavaş yavaş ulusal kamu politika gündeminde yer
bulmaya başladı, hızlıca temel ulusal politika konularından biri olarak
yükseldi. Siyasi otorite, yoksulluğu büyük bir sorun olarak çabucak kabul etti
ve onun yok edilmesinde sorumluluğu üstlendi. Literatürün masaüstü gözden
geçirilmesine dayanılarak, bu makale, Türkiye’nin yoksulluğun yok edilmesi
politika gündeminin, pasif ve ihmal edilmiş olgudan kamu politikasının önemli
bir konusu olma yönündeki değişimini araştırmaktadır. Makale, dış kaynaklı
yönlendirilmiş reformların (neoliberal politikaların ve tedbirlerin
benimsenmesi ve uygulanması, iyi yönetişimin elde edilmesine yönelik reformlar)
ve iç sosyal yapısal dönüşümün (geleneksel refah rejiminin aşınması),
Türkiye’de yoksulluğun yok edilmesi konularında hükümetin artan rolünün
nedenlerini açıklamasını tartışmaktadır.

References

  • Acar, A. (2014). The Dynamics of Multidimensional Poverty in Turkey. BETAM Working Paper Series, No: 14.
  • Adaman, F. & Keyder, Ç. (2007). Türkiye’nin Büyük Kentlerinin Gecekondu ve Çöküntü Mahallelerinde Yaşanan Yoksulluk ve Sosyal Dışlanma. Tes-İş Dergisi, s. 83-89.
  • Adams, R. (2002). Economic Growth, Inequality and Poverty: Findings from a New Data Set, Policy Research Working Paper, 2972, World Bank.
  • Arpacıoğlu, Ö. & Yıldırım, M. (2011). Dünya’da ve Türkiye’de Yoksulluğun Analizi. Niğde Üniversitesi İktisdadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 4(2), 60-76.
  • Bergh S.I. (2012). Researching the Effects of Neoliberal Reforms on Local Governance in the Southern Mediterranean. Mediterranean Politics, 17(3), 3003-321.
  • Bugra, A. (2007). Poverty and Citizenship: An Overview of the Social-Policy Environment in Republican Turkey. International Journal of Middle East Studies, 39 (2007), 33–52.
  • Buğra A., & Keyder, Ç. (2006). The Turkish Welfare Regime in Transformation. Journal of European Social Policy, 16(3), 211-28.
  • Buğra A. & Keyder, Ç. (2003). New Poverty and the Changing Welfare Regime of Turkey. Report of United Nations Development Programme, Ankara.
  • Cancian, M. & Danziger, S. (Eds.) (2009). Changing Poverty, Changing Policies. USA: Russell Sage Foundation.
  • Chossudovsky, M. (2012). The Globalization of Poverty and the New World Order (2nd ed.). Canada: Global Research.
  • Craig, D. & Porter, D. (2006). Development beyond neoliberalism? Governance, poverty reduction and political economy. London: Routeledge.
  • Crues, G., Fields, G.S., Juame, D. & Viollaz, M. (2017). Growth, Employemnt and Poverty in Latin America. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Dumanlı, R. (1996). Yoksulluk ve Turkiye’dekı boyutları, Develet Planlama Teşkilatı Uzmanlık Tezi. Ankara, Yayın Noç DPT: 2449, Haziran.
  • Dünya Bankası & TÜİK (2005). Türkiye İçin Yoksulluk Değerlendirme Ortak Rapor.
  • Erdogan, G. (1996). Türkiye’de Bolge Ayrımınde Yoksulluk Sınırı Üzerine Bir Çalışma. Uzmanlık Tezi, Devlet İstatıstik Enstitüsü, Ankara.
  • Erkul, A. & Koca, M. (2016). Yoksul Yardımlarını Yoksulluk ve Sosyal Dışlanma Bağlamında Yenşden Düşünmek. Ordu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Araştırmaları Dergisi, 6(3), 615-628.
  • Griffin, P. (2006). The World Bank. New Political Economy, 11, No.4, 571-581.
  • Harvey, D. (2005). The Brief of History of Neo-liberalism. UK: Oxford University Press.
  • Heydemann, S. (2007). Social Pacts and the Persistence of Authoritarianism in the Middle East, in: O. Schlumberger (Ed.) Debating Arab Authoritarianism: Dynamics and Durability in Nondemocratic Regimes, Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
  • Gül, H. & Kiriş, H. M. (2015). Democratic Governance Reforms in Turkey and their Implications, in A.R. Dawoody (ed.) Public Administration and Policy in the Middle East, Public Administration, Governance and Globalization.
  • Kienle, E. (2003). Introduction. İn E. Kienle (Ed.) Politics from Above, Politics from Below: The Middle East in the Age of Economic Reform, London: Saqi.
  • King, S. (2003), Liberalization Against Democracy: The Local Politics of Economic Reform in Tunisia, Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press.
  • Özer, Y.E. and Çolak, M. (2015). A Survey with Regard to Relation Among Poverty, Disadvantaged Group and Crime: Women’s Shelters in Izmir. Journal of Economics and Administrative sciences, 29(3), 479-491.
  • Özbudun, E. (2007). Democratization Reforms in Turkey, 1993–2004. Turkish Studies, 8(2), 179-196.
  • Özkazanç, A. (2005). Türkiye’nin Neo-Liberal Dönüşümü ve Liberal Düşünce. A. Ü. - SBF GETA Tartışma Metinleri, No. 85 Haziran 2005.
  • Öztürk, M. (2012). Agriculture, Peasantry and Poverty in Turkey in the Neo-Liberal Age. The Netherlands: Wageningen Academic Publishers.
  • Pamuk, S. (1981). Political Economy of Industrialization in Turkey. MERIP Reports, (93), 26- 32.
  • Pinarcioğlu, M. & Işik, O. (2008). Not Only Helpless But Also Hopeless: Changing Dynamics of Urban Poverty in Turkey, the Case of Sultanbeyli, Istanbul, European Planning Studies, 16(10), 1353-1370.
  • Saad-Filho, A. & Johnston, D. (2005). Neoliberalism, a Critical Reader, Introduction. In A. Saad-Filho & J. Deborah (Ed.), Neoliberalism, A Critical Reader (pp. 1-6), London: Pluto Press.
  • Sallan-Gül, S. (2005). Türkiye’de Yoksulluğun Kadınsılaşması. Amme İdaresi Dergisi, 38(1), 25-45.
  • Sapancali, F. (2001). Yeni Dünya Düzeni ve Küresel Yoksulluk. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 3(2), 115-140.
  • Şahin, T. (2010). Sosyal Dışlanma ve Yoksulluk İlişkisi. T.C. Başbakanlık Sosyal Yardımlaşma ve Dayanışma Genel Müdürlüğü Yardım ve Dayanışma Dergisi, 1(2), 71-80.Şenses, F. (2001). Küreselleşmenin Öteki Yüzü Yoksulluk. İstanbul: İletişim Yayıncılık.
  • Şenses, F. (2008), Missing Links in Poverty Analysis in the Age of Neoliberal Globalization: Some Lessons from Turkey. New Perspectives on Turkey, 38, 61-81.
  • Şentürk, B. (2016). Urban Poverty in Turkey: Development and modernization in Low-Income Communities. London: I. B. Tauris.
  • Stiglitz, J. E. (2012). The Price of Inequality. New York: W. W. Norton & Company.
  • Stiglitz, J. E. (2003). Globalization and its Discontents. New York: W. W. Norton.
  • Toksöz, F. (2008). Good Governance: Improving Quality of Life. İstanbul: TESEV Publications.
  • UNDP (2013). Democratic Governance and Diverging Pathways to More Inclusive Societies: 2013 Year in Review, http://www.br.undp.org/content/dam/undp/library/Democratic%20Governance/2013-DG-Year-in-review.pdf, (Accessed date: 20.06.2018)
  • UNDP (2010). Human Development Report, 2010. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • UNDP (2003). Poverty Reduction and Human Rights, A Practice Note. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • UNDP (1997). Governance for Sustainable Human Development. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Wood, G. & Gough, I. (2006). A Comparative Welfare Regime Approach to Global Social Policy. World Development, 34(10), 1696-1712.
  • World Bank. (2000). Attacking Poverty. World Development Report 2000/200. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • World Bank, (1993). Governance. Washington, D.C.: World Bank.
  • World Bank & State Planning Organisation (2009). Female Labour Force Participation in Turkey: Trends, determinants and Policy Framework. Washington D.C.: World Bank.
  • Yükseker, D. (2008). Neoliberal Restructuring and Social Exclusion in Turkey. In Z. Öniş & F. Şenses (Eds.), Turkish Economy in the Post-Crisis Era: the New Phase of Neo-Liberal, Restructuring and Integration to the Global Economy. London: Routledge.

Dynamics of Government’s Role in Poverty Eradication in Turkey: A Study of the Literature

Year 2018, Volume: 22 Issue: 2, 169 - 193, 30.12.2018

Abstract

Until
a few decades ago poverty eradication did not feature prominently in the public
policy making and discourse of contemporary Turkey. Successive governments
engaged and responded marginally to issues of poverty. However, after the post-1980s
reorientation of the development pattern of the nation, from centralised protectionist
paradigm to free markets systems, poverty eradication gradually started to find
space in national public policy agenda, rapidly rising into one of the key national
policy issues. Political authority readily acknowledged poverty as a major
problem and assumed responsibility for its eradication. Based on desktop review
of literature, this article explores the shift in poverty eradication policy
agenda of Turkey from a quiescent and neglected phenomenon to an important
public policy issue. The article argues that external induced reforms (adoption
and implementation of neoliberal policies and measures, reforms to achieve good
governance) and internal social structural transformation (erosion in
traditional welfare regime) account for the government’s increased role in
issues of poverty eradication in Turkey. 

References

  • Acar, A. (2014). The Dynamics of Multidimensional Poverty in Turkey. BETAM Working Paper Series, No: 14.
  • Adaman, F. & Keyder, Ç. (2007). Türkiye’nin Büyük Kentlerinin Gecekondu ve Çöküntü Mahallelerinde Yaşanan Yoksulluk ve Sosyal Dışlanma. Tes-İş Dergisi, s. 83-89.
  • Adams, R. (2002). Economic Growth, Inequality and Poverty: Findings from a New Data Set, Policy Research Working Paper, 2972, World Bank.
  • Arpacıoğlu, Ö. & Yıldırım, M. (2011). Dünya’da ve Türkiye’de Yoksulluğun Analizi. Niğde Üniversitesi İktisdadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 4(2), 60-76.
  • Bergh S.I. (2012). Researching the Effects of Neoliberal Reforms on Local Governance in the Southern Mediterranean. Mediterranean Politics, 17(3), 3003-321.
  • Bugra, A. (2007). Poverty and Citizenship: An Overview of the Social-Policy Environment in Republican Turkey. International Journal of Middle East Studies, 39 (2007), 33–52.
  • Buğra A., & Keyder, Ç. (2006). The Turkish Welfare Regime in Transformation. Journal of European Social Policy, 16(3), 211-28.
  • Buğra A. & Keyder, Ç. (2003). New Poverty and the Changing Welfare Regime of Turkey. Report of United Nations Development Programme, Ankara.
  • Cancian, M. & Danziger, S. (Eds.) (2009). Changing Poverty, Changing Policies. USA: Russell Sage Foundation.
  • Chossudovsky, M. (2012). The Globalization of Poverty and the New World Order (2nd ed.). Canada: Global Research.
  • Craig, D. & Porter, D. (2006). Development beyond neoliberalism? Governance, poverty reduction and political economy. London: Routeledge.
  • Crues, G., Fields, G.S., Juame, D. & Viollaz, M. (2017). Growth, Employemnt and Poverty in Latin America. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Dumanlı, R. (1996). Yoksulluk ve Turkiye’dekı boyutları, Develet Planlama Teşkilatı Uzmanlık Tezi. Ankara, Yayın Noç DPT: 2449, Haziran.
  • Dünya Bankası & TÜİK (2005). Türkiye İçin Yoksulluk Değerlendirme Ortak Rapor.
  • Erdogan, G. (1996). Türkiye’de Bolge Ayrımınde Yoksulluk Sınırı Üzerine Bir Çalışma. Uzmanlık Tezi, Devlet İstatıstik Enstitüsü, Ankara.
  • Erkul, A. & Koca, M. (2016). Yoksul Yardımlarını Yoksulluk ve Sosyal Dışlanma Bağlamında Yenşden Düşünmek. Ordu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Araştırmaları Dergisi, 6(3), 615-628.
  • Griffin, P. (2006). The World Bank. New Political Economy, 11, No.4, 571-581.
  • Harvey, D. (2005). The Brief of History of Neo-liberalism. UK: Oxford University Press.
  • Heydemann, S. (2007). Social Pacts and the Persistence of Authoritarianism in the Middle East, in: O. Schlumberger (Ed.) Debating Arab Authoritarianism: Dynamics and Durability in Nondemocratic Regimes, Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
  • Gül, H. & Kiriş, H. M. (2015). Democratic Governance Reforms in Turkey and their Implications, in A.R. Dawoody (ed.) Public Administration and Policy in the Middle East, Public Administration, Governance and Globalization.
  • Kienle, E. (2003). Introduction. İn E. Kienle (Ed.) Politics from Above, Politics from Below: The Middle East in the Age of Economic Reform, London: Saqi.
  • King, S. (2003), Liberalization Against Democracy: The Local Politics of Economic Reform in Tunisia, Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press.
  • Özer, Y.E. and Çolak, M. (2015). A Survey with Regard to Relation Among Poverty, Disadvantaged Group and Crime: Women’s Shelters in Izmir. Journal of Economics and Administrative sciences, 29(3), 479-491.
  • Özbudun, E. (2007). Democratization Reforms in Turkey, 1993–2004. Turkish Studies, 8(2), 179-196.
  • Özkazanç, A. (2005). Türkiye’nin Neo-Liberal Dönüşümü ve Liberal Düşünce. A. Ü. - SBF GETA Tartışma Metinleri, No. 85 Haziran 2005.
  • Öztürk, M. (2012). Agriculture, Peasantry and Poverty in Turkey in the Neo-Liberal Age. The Netherlands: Wageningen Academic Publishers.
  • Pamuk, S. (1981). Political Economy of Industrialization in Turkey. MERIP Reports, (93), 26- 32.
  • Pinarcioğlu, M. & Işik, O. (2008). Not Only Helpless But Also Hopeless: Changing Dynamics of Urban Poverty in Turkey, the Case of Sultanbeyli, Istanbul, European Planning Studies, 16(10), 1353-1370.
  • Saad-Filho, A. & Johnston, D. (2005). Neoliberalism, a Critical Reader, Introduction. In A. Saad-Filho & J. Deborah (Ed.), Neoliberalism, A Critical Reader (pp. 1-6), London: Pluto Press.
  • Sallan-Gül, S. (2005). Türkiye’de Yoksulluğun Kadınsılaşması. Amme İdaresi Dergisi, 38(1), 25-45.
  • Sapancali, F. (2001). Yeni Dünya Düzeni ve Küresel Yoksulluk. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 3(2), 115-140.
  • Şahin, T. (2010). Sosyal Dışlanma ve Yoksulluk İlişkisi. T.C. Başbakanlık Sosyal Yardımlaşma ve Dayanışma Genel Müdürlüğü Yardım ve Dayanışma Dergisi, 1(2), 71-80.Şenses, F. (2001). Küreselleşmenin Öteki Yüzü Yoksulluk. İstanbul: İletişim Yayıncılık.
  • Şenses, F. (2008), Missing Links in Poverty Analysis in the Age of Neoliberal Globalization: Some Lessons from Turkey. New Perspectives on Turkey, 38, 61-81.
  • Şentürk, B. (2016). Urban Poverty in Turkey: Development and modernization in Low-Income Communities. London: I. B. Tauris.
  • Stiglitz, J. E. (2012). The Price of Inequality. New York: W. W. Norton & Company.
  • Stiglitz, J. E. (2003). Globalization and its Discontents. New York: W. W. Norton.
  • Toksöz, F. (2008). Good Governance: Improving Quality of Life. İstanbul: TESEV Publications.
  • UNDP (2013). Democratic Governance and Diverging Pathways to More Inclusive Societies: 2013 Year in Review, http://www.br.undp.org/content/dam/undp/library/Democratic%20Governance/2013-DG-Year-in-review.pdf, (Accessed date: 20.06.2018)
  • UNDP (2010). Human Development Report, 2010. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • UNDP (2003). Poverty Reduction and Human Rights, A Practice Note. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • UNDP (1997). Governance for Sustainable Human Development. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Wood, G. & Gough, I. (2006). A Comparative Welfare Regime Approach to Global Social Policy. World Development, 34(10), 1696-1712.
  • World Bank. (2000). Attacking Poverty. World Development Report 2000/200. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • World Bank, (1993). Governance. Washington, D.C.: World Bank.
  • World Bank & State Planning Organisation (2009). Female Labour Force Participation in Turkey: Trends, determinants and Policy Framework. Washington D.C.: World Bank.
  • Yükseker, D. (2008). Neoliberal Restructuring and Social Exclusion in Turkey. In Z. Öniş & F. Şenses (Eds.), Turkish Economy in the Post-Crisis Era: the New Phase of Neo-Liberal, Restructuring and Integration to the Global Economy. London: Routledge.
There are 46 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Alhassan Wuripe 0000-0001-5378-2120

Publication Date December 30, 2018
Submission Date September 22, 2018
Acceptance Date November 12, 2018
Published in Issue Year 2018 Volume: 22 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Wuripe, A. (2018). Dynamics of Government’s Role in Poverty Eradication in Turkey: A Study of the Literature. Çukurova Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 22(2), 169-193.