Investigation of The Effect of CNC Milling Cutting Process on The Tensile Test of PLA Samples Produced Using Two Different 3D Printers with The FDM Method

Year 2024, , 599 - 608, 03.10.2024

Muhammed Safa Kamer , Çağrı Uzay

https://doi.org/10.21605/cukurovaumfd.1559927

Abstract

One of the most commonly used materials in additive manufacturing with the fused deposition modeling (FDM) method is polylactic acid (PLA) filaments. In 3-dimensional (3D) printed products, an external wall is also used in addition to the internal structure pattern. The exterior wall pattern differs from the interior structure pattern. The 3D products obtained by this method contain two different pattern structures, which is not desired when determining the mechanical properties. In this study, tensile test specimens were produced with two different 3D printers using 1.75 mm and 2.85 mm diameter PLA filaments. Some tensile test specimens were directly produced in ASTM D638-14 Type 1 dimensions and subjected to tensile testing. The rest of the specimens were produced in a rectangular shape with 19 mm x 165 mm dimensions and the side edges of those specimens, produced in rectangular shape, were cut with CNC milling to bring their dimensions to ASTM D638-14 Type 1. All tensile test specimens were manufactured with a thickness of 4 mm. The test specimens cut with CNC milling after 3D printing were compared with the specimens tested only by 3D printing. The effects of CNC milling cutting on the tensile test properties of specimens produced on two different 3D printers using 1.75 mm and 2.85 mm diameter PLA filaments were investigated. Consequently, it was observed that cutting the side edges with CNC milling eliminated irregularities caused by 3D printing due to the tensile stress in those areas and allowed for more regular and consistent fractures of test specimens. When compared with only the 3D-printed specimens, the elongation at break of the tensile test specimens whose side edges were cut with CNC milling resulted in 13.45% and 33.55% higher using 1.75 mm and 2.85 mm PLA filaments, respectively. It was determined that the toughness of the samples cut by CNC milling was higher than the test samples that were only 3D printed.

Keywords

Additive manufacturing, 3D printer, PLA, Filament diameter, CNC milling, Tensile test

EYM Yöntemiyle İki Farklı 3B Yazıcı Kullanılarak Üretilen PLA Numunelerde CNC Freze ile Kesme İşleminin Çekme Testi Üzerindeki Etkisinin İncelenmesi

Abstract

Eriyik yığın modelleme (EYM) yöntemi ile eklemeli imalatta en çok kullanılan malzemelerden biri polilaktik asit (PLA) malzemedir. 3-boyutlu (3B) yazdırılan ürünlerde iç yapı deseninin haricinde bir de dış duvar kullanılmaktadır. Dış duvar deseni, iç yapı deseninden farklılıklar göstermektedir. Bu yöntemle üretilen ürünler iki farklı desen yapısı içermekte olup, bu durum 3B yazdırılmış ürünlerin mekanik özelliklerinin belirlenmesinde istenen bir durum değildir. Bu çalışmada, 1,75 mm çapında ve 2,85 mm çapında PLA filamentler kullanılarak iki farklı 3B yazıcıda çekme test numuneleri üretilmiştir. Çekme test numunelerinin bir kısmı ASTM D638-14 Tip1 boyutlarında üretilmiş olup, numunelere çekme testi uygulanmıştır. Çekme test numunelerinin bir kısmı da 19 mm x 165 mm boyutlarında dikdörtgen şeklide üretilmiştir. dikdörtgen şeklinde üretilen numunelerin yan kenarları CNC freze ile kesilerek numuneler ASTM D638-14 Tip1 boyutlarına getirilmiştir. Çekme test numunelerinin tamamının kalınlığı 4 mm olacak şekilde üretimler gerçekleştirilmiştir. 3B yazdırıldıktan sonra CNC freze ile kesilen test numuneleri, sadece 3B yazdırılarak test edilen numunelerle karşılaştırılmıştır. CNC freze ile kesme işleminin, 1,75 mm çapında ve 2,85 mm çapında PLA filamentler kullanılarak iki farklı 3B yazıcıda üretilen numunelerin çekme testi özellikleri üzerindeki etkileri araştırılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda, 3B yazdırılmış çekme test numunelerinin çekmeye maruz kalan yan kenararının CNC freze ile kesilmesi sonucunda, bu bölgelerde 3B yazdırmadan kaynaklanan düzensizliklerin ortadan kaldırıldığı, test numunelerinde daha düzenli ve tutarlı kopmaların gerçekleştiği tespit edilmiştir. 1,75 mm PLA filament kullanılarak üretilen ve yan kenarları CNC freze ile kesilen çekme test numunesinin kopma uzamasında, 3D-printed çekme test numunesinin kopma uzamasına kıyasla %13,45 artış olduğu belirlenmiştir. 2,85 mm PLA filament kullanılarak üretilen ve yan kenarları CNC freze ile kesilen çekme test numunesinin kopma uzamasında, 3D-printed çekme test numunesinin kopma uzamasına kıyasla %33,55 artış olduğu belirlenmiştir. CNC freze ile kesilen numunelerin tokluğunun 3D-printed test numunelerine göre daha yüksek olduğu belirlenmiştir.

Keywords

Eklemeli imalat, 3B yazıcı, PLA, Filament çapı, CNC freze, Çekme testi

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